This paper proposes a development process of expert systems by using a library of re-usable methods which supports the processes both in specifications and in implementations for the development of expert systems. The objectives of this paper are to integrate the processes of specification and implementation into a single process, and to cut off the cost of the development of expertsystems. The methods of the library are organized into an executable specification language REPOSIT (REusable Pieces Of Specification-Implementation Templates) which combines two types of expressions: one is the relationship among input, output and reference knowledge, and the other is a prolog-based representation. A specification description of expertsystems is given as a knowledge-flow graph which is comprised of REPOSIT methods and knowledge names. Each method consisting an expertsystem's specification can be refined into a combination of fine-grained methods. In order to support the step by step operationalization of abstract models into detailed implementation descriptions, the following methods are given: a) classifying the adding patterns of control structures, b) standardizing the knowledge management and c) providing refinement policies. Finally, through the application of our proposed method to expertsystems' development, we have confirmed that REPOSIT improves the re-usability of implementation codes in the maintenance of expert systems

Sudachi, Citrus sudachi, is a major local food in Tokushima Prefecture, and over 98% of this fruit is produced in Tokushima Prefecture. After juice is extracted from sudachi, sudachi peer is not used effectively. Sudachitin, a polymethoxylated flavone is isolated from sudachi peer, and its structure is similar to nobiletin, which possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity actions. First, we evaluated the effect of sudachitin on lipid and energy metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet treated with 5mg/kg/day sudachitin orally for 12 weeks. The mice treated with sudachitin showed significantly decreased body weight gain, body fat and viscera fat compared to that of mice fed a high-fat diet. Moreover, sudachitin improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in these mice. We concluded that sudachitin may improve metabolic syndrome by enhancing energy metabolism. Purified sudachitin cannot be used as a food ingredient because of the possibility of side effects and it is too expensive for clinical use at present. Therefore, we tried to produce a sudachi powder which contained sudachitin at high concentration from the dried sudachi peer containing a low amount of sudachitin. It is possible to adjust the content step-by-step from 1% to 80%. We also evaluated the function of sudachi peer extract powder using an animal model of obesity. The mice treated with sudachi peer extract powder showed significantly decreased body weight gain compared to that of mice fed a high-fat diet.

進行性非小細胞肺癌におけるnivolumabの適応追加の承認に続いて，2016年末にはpembrolizumabの適応も承認された．免疫チェックポイント阻害薬による「全生存期間の延長」「長期間の奏効維持」「比較的軽度な副作用」といった恩恵を受けている患者がいる一方で，患者選択，有効性評価，薬価設定など，我々が適切に行えずに不利益を被っている患者・人も存在している．Nivolumabの現在までのエビデンスと今後に向けての課題を整理し，将来に向けて準備することが必要である．

急激なビジネスの環境変化に対応するには組織のプロセスを再構成する必要があり，プロセス・イノベーションは競争力の源泉とされている。しかしながら，経済的な価値が認識されつつも，プロセス・イノベーションはプロダクト・イノベーションに比べ注目度が低い現状にある。特に，サービス産業など，生産と消費の同時性が顕著に生じる場合には，プロセス・イノベーションとプロダクト・イノベーションとが密接に関連するため，プロセス・イノベーションへの取組は必須となる。本稿では，宿泊産業の事例を基に，サービス・プロセス・イノベーションをサービス・ケイパビリティの観点から捉え直す。顧客接点への技術導入について，産学の共同研究を通じて意図に則したサービス・プロセスの変革が実現された。サービス・プロセス・イノベーションには統合的な資本活用が必要であるとともに，産学の共同研究がその活用能力に貢献することが示唆された。