図法幾何の紙筆による作図演習の課題作成配信および, 対応する模範解答の生成により個別学習者用に固有の課題を課すことが可能なシステムを開発し, 実装した.課題はAcrobat形式の可搬なファイルとしてサーバ上で生成するため, 学習者が自宅などから操作可能である.システムは, 図形データ作成のためのクラスライブラリとサーバサイドプログラムおよび, データベースから構成されており, 学習者の個別の情報に応じてデータベースから検索されるパラメータ情報によって異なる課題を生成する.模範解答がそれぞれの課題について同時に作成されるため, 採点管理の作業軽減が可能となる.

抄録全体を表示

　英語教育の現状を考える時、アジア諸国のTOEFLスコア(2016年)の比較では日本は26位であるという英語力の問題, また2020年からの小学校５、6年生での英語教科化、大学入試における英語4技能テストの試行, 次期学習指導要領（中学校・高等学校）では言語活動の「話すこと」が「やりとり」「発表」の２つの領域に分けられ, 4技能５領域の言語活動となるなどさまざまな課題や変化があげられる。この実践事例では2018年度から本校で実施しているオンライン英会話やAIを活用した英語授業の概要とその成果について報告する。

抄録全体を表示

現在我々はコンテンツの利用促進を目指し，新たなアクセスコントロールの方法を検討している．これまでのCMS(Contents Management System)の機能に依存した，画一的な操作制限方式ではなく，「宣言ファイル」に記述された操作制御情報をコンテンツに付与することで，コンテンツ発信者の意図や目的を直接反映した操作制御方式である．分散サーバ上にコンテンツとともに併載された「宣言ファイル」を検索エンジン用クローラで収集することで実現させる．利用者からのアクセス要求が発生する都度，別の専用サーバ上で個々のコンテンツに対するダイナミックな権限付与を行う．今回この権限付与部分を先行してシステム構築した．この方法は，ダウンロード開始までの処理に時間がかかることが懸念されるが，実証検証の結果，実利用に耐えられることを確認した．

抄録全体を表示

1999年に発見された安世高訳三つの著作-金剛寺版『安般守意経』『仏説十二門経』『仏説解十二門経』は,中国仏教分野において,最初期訳経史への解明に重要な手がかりになると指摘されている.四禅・四無量心・四無色定という十二門(禅)は,インド仏教の修道論において,戒定慧の三学のうちで定学を総括することは言うまでもない.しかし,もとより独自文化を持っていた中国仏教は,最初からこの十二門の修道論をそのまま受け入れたのか?周知のように,仏教が中国へ入った漢代から,儒教・道教と融和しつつ,唐にいたってインド仏教と異なった中国仏教独自の修道法-禅-が発展してきた.それと同様に,十二門の中で,安世高はなぜ伝統的な四種禅(catukkajjhana)・五種禅(pancakajjhana)と異なった四禅(Four Meditations)を作ったのかという課題は大変興味深いと思われる.筆者は昨年に『仏説十二門経』と『仏説解十二門経』とのテキスト構造においてStefano Zacchettiと違った新たな観点を提案してきた.本稿は「四禅の解釈について」という問題点に絞って検証する.その解決の糸口は『仏説解十二門経』テキスト自体にあるからである.結論として,当時後漢の人々が仏教知識に乏しかったため,安世高は意図的に四種禅(catukkajjhana)の禅支を簡略にして新たな四禅を作った.これは,いわゆる格義的な手法ともいえると指摘したい.

抄録全体を表示

PCR-MPH(micro plate hybridization)low resolution plateはPCRにより増幅されたDNAを用い, 16種類のプローブに対する反応パターンによりHLA-DRタイピングを行う方法で, 多量検体を短時間で処理できる良い方法である. しかし, DR13／−, DR11／−, DR1403／−と判定された場合, それらの検体においてはDR14の有無は未確定である事も知られている. この度PCR-MPH low resolution plateを用いて1391検体のHLA-DRをタイピングしたが, 上述のDR型は60例（4.3%）存在した. その内訳はDR13／−が42検体, DR11／−が8検体, DR1403／−が10検体であった. PCR-SSCPにより, それらの検体におけるDR14の有無の確認及びDRB1のアリルの判定を行った. その結果, DR13／一の検体におけるアリルはDRB1^* 1302／−, DRB1^* 1302／DRB1^* 1401, DRB1*1302／DRB1^* 1405, DRB1^* 1302／DRB1^* 1406と判定され, 各々8例, 18例, 9例, 7例存在した. DR11／−の検体はDRB1^* 1101／−が1例, DRB1^* 1101／DRB1^* 1401が5例, DRB1^* 1101／DRB1^* 1405が1例, DRB1*1101／DRB1^* 1406が1例判定された. DR1403／−の検体においては, DRB1^* 1401／−が1例, DRB1^* 1403／DRB1^* 1401が6例, DRB1^* 1403／DRB1^* 1405が3例であった. 結果としてDRB1^* 14のアリルは, その存在が未確認であった60検体中50検体（83%）に見出された為, 確認試験の必要性を認識した.

抄録全体を表示

This paper describes the application of relational learning to interactive document retrieval. In this model, retrieval systems support users to find documents effectively through relevance feedback. At present vector space model is a typical representation method to realize relevance feedback. However it can neither express relationship such as proximity nor keep several features separately. We supplement these defects with a set of rules, which are constructed by relational learning and used to identify relevant documents. The learning algorithm consists of separate-and-conquer strategy and top-down heuristic search with limited backtracking. Background relations are made only from keywords, thus constructed rules represent useful keyword combinations to search relevant documents. We evaluate the effectiveness of our approach on a document retrieval experiment using a test bed database. The results show our method enhances both effectiveness and efficiency compared to a normal method with only query vector. We finally consider the effect and the cost of rule making.

抄録全体を表示

The Parsi community immigrated to India from lran to avoid religious persecution by Muslims during 715AD. They are a tightly knit isolated community numbering 90, 000 living chiefly in Mumbai, India. They have maintained separate identity because of own strict religious tenets and rigidity of caste system prevailing in India. I report here HLA polymorphism in 67 Parsi compared with other populations of India and world. The standard NlH two-stage microlymphocytotoxicity assay was used with a minimum of three sera for a given specificity to define the HLA antigens. The significant observation was, they had the highest percentage gene frequency for HLA B 14 (28%) and HLA A19 (41%). The two locus haplotype analysis showed a significant haplotype frequency (HF) and linkage disequlibrium (LD) for HLA A19-B 14. This observation was concordant with previous studies on Parsis reported in Third Asia-Oceania Histocompatibility Workshop and conference. Molecular subtyping using reverse line blot technique showed that HLA B*1405 (GF = 19%) and HLA B*1401 (GF = 9. 5%) for B 14 while A*3001 (GF = 17. 6%) and A*3303 (GF = 15%) for A19 were the subtypes present. Haplotypes A*3001-B*1401 and A*3303-B*1405 were the significant haplotypes observed among the Parsi community. When the results were compared to other Indian caste groups and major world populations the frequency of HLA B 14 was the highest among the populations reported. These observations could be due to selective pressures operating on the highly inbreeding and diminishing parsi population It will be interesting to know how this genetic diversity is maintained and is there any impact of this variation on the health and disease among Parsi community.

抄録全体を表示

In order to clarify the size effect of an interlacer, we measured air pressure distributions on the yam duct wall of interlacers with various sizes of both yarn duct and air jet nozzle for a wide range of the supplied air pressure in a rectification tank. The pressure in the yarn duct does not always increase with the supplied air pressure p and depends upon the diameter ratio R_d(=d/d_n), where d and d_n are the diameters of the yarn duct and the air jet nozzle, respectively. This is because expansion and compression waves occur alternately in the jet issuing from an air jet nozzle. In interlacers with R_d=2.0, at p=0.4 MPa the pressure p_s on the yarn duct wall of interlacers with L_d_??_3.0 takes a maximum at Z=0 and monotonously decreases to the atmospheric pressure with |Z|. Here, L_d is the non-dimensional yarn duct length defined by l_d/d(where l_d is the yarn duct length), and Z is the non-dimensional axial coordinate scaled by d and measured with respect to the center of an air jet nozzle exit. The value of p_s for L_d_??_3.7 takes a negative value near |Z|=1-3 and then increases to the atmospheric pressure. The value of p_s for L_d_??_7.0 is equal to the atmospheric pressure in |Z|_??_3. At p=0.2MPa, p_s having a maximum at Z=0 decreases monotonously with |Z| and equals the atmospheric pressure in |Z|_??_1. At p=0.4MPa, p_s monotonously decreases with |Z| in the interlacers with L_d_??_3.0 and R_d=2.4 or with L_d_??_2.3 and R_d=1.6. It may be supposed that interlacers with R_d=1.6 and L_d=3.7-7.0 have high processability because the pressure distribution in these interlacers expresses a large variation in space.

抄録全体を表示

Both the University of Tokyo (UT) and the University of California at Berkeley (UCB) have developed their own e-learning system over the past years, and are in the process of creating educational content for these systems. At both universities, students create these new e-learning modules in courses or as part of their research, under the guidance and supervision of teaching staff. This integrated approach of creating teaching materials and teaching students at the same time has several advantages, but of course also poses some challenges. The UT and UCB have been exchanging their strategies and experiences regarding this process, and found many similarities, which we believe will be useful to share with others involved with the creation of e-learning materials.

抄録全体を表示

Central Asia is a vast region at the crossroads of different habitats, cultures, and trade routes. Little is known about the genetics and the history of the populations of this region. In order to investigate the genetic characteristics of Kyrgyz and their affinities to other populations, HLA-DRBI polymorphism was investigated in 148 healthy unrelated individuals living in Kyrgyz Republic. Kyrgyz, as representative of the Central Asian cluster, not only contain a considerable admixture of Mongoloid genes, but also Caucasian genes as well. The predominant HLA-DRB 1 alleles were HLA-DRB 1 *0701 and *0301 . Genetic distances and principal component analysis based on DRB 1 allele frequencies suggested that Kyrgyz are genetically situated closer to the European than to the East Asian cluster. The present results agree well with the admixture hypothesis that Kyrgyz have not only been derived from Mongoloid, but also Caucasoid ancestors.

抄録全体を表示

To investigate the HLA-linked disease-contorolling gene(s) for Buergers disease, we have genotyped 72 unrelated Japanese patients and 224 healthy controls for HLA-B, DRB 1 and MICA genes. It was revealed that the frequencies of HLA-B and DRB1 were significantly increased in the patients (B^* 5401;27.8% in the patients vs. 11.6% in the controls, OR=2.35,p=0.0.012, and DRB1 ^* 1501;31.9% vs. 9.4%, OR=4.53,pc＜0.0001), while the frequency of MICA 1.4 allele, which is in strong linkage disequibrium with HLA-B^* 5401 in the Japanese population, was not significantly deviated between the patients and controls. A comparison of odds ratio for the risk of disease conferred by HLA-B and DRB1^* 1501has suggested that these disease-associated alleles may be independent genetic risk factors of Buergers disease or that there might he at least 2 different etiologies; one is associated with HLA-B 1 and the other is associated with HLA-DRB1^* 1501. On the other hand, the frequency of MICA 1.2 allele was significantly decreased in the patients (30.6% vs. 48.2%, OR=0.47, pc=0.04). These observations suggest that both the susceptibility and resistance to Buergers disease are linked to BLA, hut they are controlled by different genes in the HLA region. The HLA system comprises a complex array of genes encoding for polymorphic cell surface glycoproteins that play fundmental roles in immune responses to foreign as well as self antigens and may control the susceptibility and/or resistance to various diseases including autoimmune diseases. There are two distinct types of HLA molecules; classI (HLA-A, B and C) and classII (HLA-DR, DQ and DP). The polymorphisms of the HLA molecules have been analyzed by serological typing system utilizing the complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay and panels of selected antisera. However, recent development of typing technology at the DNA level has revealed that there are many alleles which could not he distinguished by the serological typing (1). Therefore, the associations between HLA and certain diseases are now analyzed in more detail at the DNA level by using PCR-based DNA typing technologies (2). Buergers disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) is characterized by thrombotic obstruction of middle- and small-sized arteries with inflammation (3). Its etiology or pathogenesis remains unknown, although smoking is a known risk factor of the disease (4). On the other hand, the incidence of disease is more frequent in Asian countries than in European countries, suggesting that there are ethnic differences in the susceptibility and/or resistance to the disease (5). Because HLA shows ethnic differences in the allele frequencies and is involved in the inflammatory process, analysis of HLA may be important in understanding the pathogenesis of Buergers disease. In this respect, serological analysis of HLA in Buergers disease had been performed and it was reported that HLA-B54 and DR2 were associated with the disease in Japanese (6, 7), while no definite positive association between the disease and HLA was confirmed in Caucasians (8, 9). Because relatively small numbers of patients were analyzed in these serological studies, the association still remains to he confirmed. To investigate the association between HLA and Buergers disease in more precise way, we have analyzed polymorphisms of HLA-B, DRB 1 and MICA genes in the Japanese patients at the DNA level.

抄録全体を表示

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) constitutively express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules on their surface. In spite of the prominent roles of PMNs in host immune defense, the roles of MHC class I molecules in PMNs, such as presenting intracellularly processed antigens to CD8+ T cells, or preventing the cytotoxic effect of natural killer (NK) cells by their upregulated expression levels, have not been fully investigated thus far. PMNs express two low-affmity Fc T receptors, Fc 7 R 11 (CD32) and Fc T R III (CD16). The intracellular signaling pathway of PMNs is activated by triggering or cross-linking CD 16, resulted in the upregulation of MHC class I expression. We found that the expression levels of MHC class I molecules of PMNs could be downregulated by triggering CD 16, but not by triggering CD32.

抄録全体を表示

As radiological technologists, we play important roles in maintaining high-quality images in cineangiography and providing a variety of information for conducting efficient examinations and minimizing exposure doses to operators and patients in cardiac examinations. To perform these tasks rapidly and efficiently, we need to record numerous data concerning each examination accurately, such as the radiographic conditions and exposure. We evaluated the accuracy of radiographic information regarding image quality and area exposure product meter, and devised an automatic recording system for these data. Our experiments indicated that each system was accurately measurable for x-ray tube voltage, conditions of contrast media injected, and area exposure products. Connecting a personal computer to the x-ray apparatus, the injector, and area exposure product meter enabled us to record a variety of information automatically. This study indicates that we can easily and accurately record the radiographic conditions and exposure dose of patients. This system is also useful for regulating image quality and exposure dose.

抄録全体を表示