The growth of terrestrial cyanobacterium, Nostoc sp., on the Martian Regolith Simulant (MRS) its vacuum tolerance were examined in relevance of our challenges to inhabit Mars. The viability of the cyanobacteria was evaluated by microscopic observation after staining by fluorescein diacetate (FDA). The general terrestrial cyanobacterial lump collected from the ground showed a significantly high tolerance against exposure to high vacuum environment for more than one year. To elucidate its high tolerance function scientifically, Nostoc sp. HK-01 was used as another material for this study. After two weeks exposure to high vacuum environment (10^-5 Pa), Nostoc sp. HK-01 start to grow again in a liquid culture medium. The A'MED (Arai's Mars Ecosystem ) is designed to be installed on Mars for agricultural production. A'MED was found useful to conduct our study. Nostoc sp. HK-01 grew for over 140 days, chlorophyll synthesis was normal on the MRS. These results verify the possible adaptation of cyanobacteria, growth under the low atmospheric pressure environment on Mars.

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The growth of terrestrial cyanobacterium, Nostoc sp., on the Martian Regolith Simulant (MRS) its vacuum tolerance were studied as one of our challenges in this century to inhabit Mars. The viability of the tested cyanobacteria was evaluated by microscopic observation after staining by fluorescein diacetate (FDA). The general terrestrial cyanobacterial lump collected from the ground showed a significantly high tolerance to a high vacuum environment (10^-5 Pa) for over one year. To scientifically elucidate its high tolerance function, Nostoc sp. HK-01 was used as another suitable scientific material for this study. After exposure to the high vacuum environment (10^-5 Pa) for two weeks, Nostoc sp. HK-01 began to grow again. Some of it was also re-incubated again with a liquid culture medium. The A'MED (Arai's Mars Ecosystem ) is designed to be installed on Mars for agricultural production. A'MED was useful to conduct our study. We performed the fundamental experiment using the MRS. Nostoc sp. HK-01 was found to grow for over 140 days along with having the normal function of chlorophyll synthesis on the MRS. These results show the possibility that cyanobacteria could adapt to the MRS, grow under the low pressure environment expected on Mars.

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This work serves as the foundation of comprehensive studies of Kami-Asagi on Ryukyu Islands. On Okinawa Island, each village formed before modern times has at least one ritual area called Kami-Asagi or . Under the present conditions, while Kami-Asagi have the same function in each community, there are striking contrasts between them. Earlier studies have not clarified sufficiently whether they are of the same origin or what the distinguishing point is between them. Though it is often said that we must understand Utaki Kami-Asagi/ as the nucleus of a village in order to grasp the construction of the community on Okinawa Island, this issue has remained obscure. In this study, after visiting all the villages that have Kami-Asagi/, we examined earlier studies tried to show that Kami-Asagi have the same origin from an architectural viewpoint, to prove that both of them need to be recognized as spatial matter that consists of a structure, such as a building or a small shrine, an open space.

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Field-of-view limitation has been a long-standing issue in video communication systems. With the development of omnidirectional panoramic technology, the omnidirectional camera, which can provide a 360° field-of-view, has been getting more

more popular within the last few years. Previous research indicated that one-way video communication systems with a wider field-of-view improve task efficiency with fewer collisions. Therefore, we propose to utilize omnidirectional cameras in a symmetric video communication system study how the shape of the display affects the performance of the panoramic video communication in remote collaboration. By conducting experiments with two conditions (omnidirectional camera + spherical display vs. omnidirectional camera + horizontally placed 2D flat display), we analyzed what is the impact of display types on 360° video communication. Our results show that the spherical display is slightly better both types of displays have their advantages disadvantages. The findings contribute to our understanding of how to design an environment for remote collaboration with a 360° shared view of spaces.

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  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incompatibility of ceftriaxone sodium with calcium-containing products using the ionic product of precipitation, the measurement of insoluble microparticles using a light obscuration particle counter. Appropriate volumes of 2% (w/v) calcium chloride solution were added to 0.4-2 mg/ml ceftriaxone isotonic sodium chloride solution, to make solutions with a final calcium ion concentration of 1.25 mmol/l. The solutions were gently agitated stored at 37°C for 24 h. The number of insoluble microparticles with a diameter less than 10 μm in the mixed sample solution, determined using a light obscuration particle counter, was increased when the ceftriaxone concentration was >0.8 mg/ml. The Saturation Index (defined as the ratio of the ionic product to the solubility product constant) of the prepared mixed solution was 1.1. A white precipitate could be observed visually when the ceftriaxone concentration of the sample solution was 7 mg/ml; the Saturation Index of the solution was 9.7. The effect of the calcium source on incompatibility with ceftriaxone sodium was also evaluated. The numbers of insoluble microparticles in sample solutions made by adding calcium chloride to the sample were significantly higher than those made by adding calcium gluconate. These results suggest that ceftriaxone should not be co-administered with calcium-containing products even if no precipitation is observed visually. There will still be insoluble microparticles caused by incompatibility in the sample solution when the Saturation Index of the solution is over 1.0.

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A lot of enterprises are requesting the production system for which it appeals to the sensibility now. Therefore, all people's eyes are focused on the key word of “Customer Experience”. However, the experience model is not enough in the point of practical application. A concrete explanation of the idea how the enterprise should create customer experience value is insufficient. In this study, we thought “Customer Experience” to be “Entertainment value”. , the Johnny's theatrical agency that was the enterprise of excellent was taken up as an object of study. We consider the creation of “Entertainment value” by using the case with kansei value that the TV performer of Johnny's creates.

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To understand the mechanisms of uptake of killed bacteria of Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O3 into the epithelium of Peyer’s patches, the killed bacteria were perorally inoculated into mice observation was carried out by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Microfold (M) cells formed a specific pseudopodium-like structure the bacteria were observed on the surface the interior of the pseudopodium-like structure 8 hr after oral administration of killed bacteria of serovar O3.

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This article examines variations in Lahu oral tradition across time

space in order to understand the continuities as well as changes in how people express what it means to be Lahu. By comparing stories of ethnic origins collected in Burma in the 1890s 1930s, in Northern Thailand Yunnan in the 1960s, in Yunnan in the 2000s, in Thailand Myanmar (Burma) today, this article helps us to assess the influence that past political projects of ethnic classification, regional conflicts, ongoing Lahu experiences of migration have had on Lahu people’s self-identification over time. This article combines insights from the fields of borderlands history folklore studies to understand ethnic identity experience across the colonial-imposed borders which characterize this diverse region. In contexts varying from British Chinese state encroachment in the late nineteenth century to the Baptist conversion experiences in the twentieth century, this comparative transnational analysis of Lahu stories helps us to understand the uneasy fit between nations states in much of Southeast Asia today. Examining stories of the origins of ethnic divisions can thus show the influence of Southeast Asia’s complex borderland politics on the self-conceptions of borderland inhabitants in this region riven by conflict territorial disputes.

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We identified a gene encoding a catalase from the anaerobic bacteria Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Miyazaki F), the expression of its gene in Escherichia coli. The 3.3-kbp DNA fragment isolated from D. vulgaris (Miyazaki F) by double digestion with EcoRI SaiI was found to produce a protein that binds protoheme IX as a prosthetic group in E. coli. This DNA fragment contained a putative open reading frame () one part of another open reading frame (ORF-1). The amino acid sequence of the amino terminus of the protein purified from the transformed cells was consistent with that deduced from the nucleotide sequence of in the cloned fragment of D. vulgaris (Miyazaki F) DNA, which may include promoter regulatory sequences. The nucleotide sequence of indicates that the protein is composed of 479 amino acids per monomer. The recombinant catalase was found to be active in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, as are other catalases from aerobic organisms, but its K_m value was much greater. The hydrogen peroxide stress against D. vulgaris (Miyazaki F) induced the activity for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide somewhat, so the catalase gene may not work effectively in vivo.

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The study was aimed determine the criteria for treating cerebral aneurysms, ruptured unruptured, suitable for endovascular Guglielmi detachable coiling (GDC) with least morbidity mortality. We will discuss the importance of knowledge of the geometry of cerebral aneurysm its impact on the results of coiling. We have treated 324 patients with cerebral aneurysms at the University of Illinois Hospital from May 1, 1994 to June 1997. During this period 139 patients were treated with GDC 185 patients were treated surgically. Of 139 patients treated with coils 54 patients with 54 aneurysms were ruptured the remaining 85 patients with 90 aneurysms were unruptured. For initial 25 patients, the selection of aneurysms for coiling was random the geometry of the aneurysm was not considered as an important factor in the selection for coiling, however, in the later series of 114 patients with 119 aneurysms were selected for coiling only when the geometry looked favorable in the angiogram. With time we realized that the /neck ratio more than or equal to 2/1 the diameter of the neck not ex-ceeding 5mm were most suitable for coiling. The initial series of 25 patients (May 1994 to February 1995) treated without taking geometry of the aneurysms as an important criteria for coiling led to high morbidity mortality less than 50% of these aneurysms were angiographically occluded at 6-month follow-up. In the second series of 114 patients (March 1995 to June 1997) with 119 aneurysms we had 0% mortality related to the coiling only 1.8% permanent morbidity. We found complete aneurysm occlusion in 78% of the subarachnoid hemorrhage 76% of unruptured group when the /neck ratio was more than or equal to 2/1. However, the occlusion rate dropped to 50% when the /neck ratio was less than 2/1. This preliminary experience suggests that GDC is a safe technique with low mortality-morbidity for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms in appropriately selected patients. The percentage of complete occlusion of the aneurysm following tight dense packing is strongly dependent on the geometry of the aneurysm we conclude that the best results are achieved when the /neck ratio is more than or equal to 2/1.

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カトマンズ盆地にはネワール人コミュニティの居住する町が数多く存在する。本稿は、カトマンズ、パタンおよびバクタプルの間に位置する主要な町の一つ、ティミThimiに関する研究である。この研究はティミの町における様々なコミュニティの空間的配置およびコミュニティの構造の分析を行うことにより、デワーリdewaliと呼ばれる霊廟に関する主要な伝統的文化制度を明らかにするものである。この分析は、居留地開発の時間的経緯およびコミュニティによる都市空間の使用・専有における階層性の伝統的秩序を説明する際に、デワーリの研究が決定的であることを証明している。また同時に、ティミのデワーりの1つであるデグリdeguliが、町の設立の基盤であり、かつコミュニティと町の歴史における最初のセンターの一つであることをも明らかにしている。

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Subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of a pre-existing intracranial aneurysm has quite a poor outcome in spite of intensive medical care. Hemodynamic stress loaded on intracranial arterial walls is considered as a trigger

a regulator of formation progression of the disease, but how intracranial arterial walls or intracranial aneurysm walls behave under hemodynamic stress loading remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to visualize analyze the wall motion of intracranial aneurysms to detect a pathological flow condition. We subjected a transgenic rat line, in which endothelial cells are specifically visualized by expression of a green fluorescent protein, to an intracranial aneurysm model observed a real-time motion of intracranial arterial walls or intracranial aneurysm walls by a multiphoton laser confocal microscopy. The anterior cerebral artery–olfactory artery bifurcation was surgically exposed for the monitoring. First, we observed the proper flow-dependent physiological dilatation of a contralateral intracranial artery in response to increase of blood flow by one side of carotid ligation. Next, we observed intracranial aneurysm lesions induced in a rat model confirmed that a wall motion of the was static, whereas that of the neck was more dynamic in response to pulsation of blood flow. We successfully monitored a real-time motion of intracranial aneurysm walls. Findings obtained from such a real-time imaging will provide us many insights especially about the correlation of mechanical force the pathogenesis of the disease greatly promote our understanding of the disease.

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国立科学博物館に収蔵されている南極大陸産コフキシロムカデゴケPhyscia caesiaの標本から，南極大陸新産および南極大陸東方地域新産の地衣生菌3種を発見したので報告する．南極大陸新産種であるDidymocyrtis epiphysciaは黒褐色で直径100–120 µmの分生子果を有し，分生子形成細胞は亜球形からびん形で単室，透明，分生子は楕円形で(4.3–)4.7–5.5(–6.4) × (2.0–)2.3–2.7(–3.2) µmであった．Tetramelas phaeophysciaeの子器はレキデア型で大きさは200–300 µm，子嚢の先端はK/I+ 青色，子嚢胞子は楕円形で2室，褐色で湾曲していた．南極大陸東方地域新産種であるLichenostigma alpinumは，かつて南極大陸西方地域のキングジョージ島で採集された地衣類のニクイボゴケ属の一種Ochrolechia frigida上で見つかっていた．

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The 7th International Tribology Conference, , was held on 16–20 September at Katsushika Campus of University of Science, located at the east end of Metropolitan, Japan.
At the ITC , over 600 registered participants from 30 countries about 50 industrial exhibitors attended the conference. During the conference, about 400 oral talks 200 posters were presented. Excellent papers submitted to the Tribology Online have subsequently undergone the normal peer-review process by multiple reviewers. Many of accepted papers were published in this Special issue, Part 1, other papers will appear in the next Special issue, Part 2.
On behalf of the ITC Conference Committee, the Editorial Committee of Tribology Online, I, the Chair of the ITC , the Guest Editor of Tribology Online, acknowledge the authors’ efforts to submit their papers to these Special issues. I also express my sincere thanks to the Editors, the Reviewers, the Publication Coordinators for their efforts to complete the peer-review processes the publication work.

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This paper provides the first evidence that Thysanoteuthis rhombus spawns in the Sea of Japan. Five planktonic egg masses were collected in the southern Sea of Japan during 29 October to 24 November 2004 transported to onshore laboratories for observation. Part of each egg mass was reared in indoor, aerated tanks supplied with filtered running seawater. The egg masses (ca. 60–120 cm in total length 13–15 cm in diameter) were cylindrical with rounded ends consisted of a resilient, transparent gelatinous core with a pair of egg rows forming spiral loops around the core. The embryos had -shaped mantles covered with many chromatophores slowly rotated inside the spherical egg capsules. Hatching was observed in all the egg masses 3–10 days after collection. Morphological characteristics of the egg masses, eggs embryos, especially the large number of chromatophores present in the early embryonic stages, agreed with the descriptions in previous studies. Near the collections sites, surface water temperature salinity ranged 18–22 °C 33.3–33.7, respectively, both of which were lower than the optimum conditions for T. rhombus spawning. The early embryonic stages of the egg masses at collection such as cleavage slow currents at the sea surface suggest the egg masses were spawned near the collection sites. Increased abundance of T. rhombus in the Sea of Japan increased sampling efforts were proposed as two possible causes for the egg-mass discoveries.

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There are three main innate immune mechanisms against viruses in mosquitoes. Infection with the flavivirus dengue virus is controlled by RNA interference (RNAi) the JAK-STAT Toll signaling pathways. This study showed that another flavivirus, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), did not invade the salivary glands of Aedes aegypti that this may be a result of the innate immune resistance to the virus. Argonaute 2 (Ago2) plays a critical role in the RNAi pathway. To understand the mechanism of JEV resistance, we focused on Ago2 as a possible target of JEV. Here, we show that the expression of MyD88 (a mediator of Toll signaling) Ago2 mRNAs was induced by JEV in the salivary glands of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes that Ago2, JAK, domeless () mRNAs were induced by JEV in the bodies of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Double-stranded (ds) Ago2 RNA enhanced JEV infection, the virus was detected in salivary glands by immunofluorescence assay. In contrast, MyD88 dsRNA had no effect on JEV infection. These data suggest that Ago2 plays a crucial role in mediating the innate immune response of Ae. aegypti to JEV in a manner similar to that employed by dengue virus.

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A discoidal, heteropolar diatom with bilateral valve symmetry is morphologically close to Lauderia excentrica

I propose a new genus, Disymmetria to accommodate them both restore Lauderia to Hasle’s concept of the genus. The new genus is characterized by a pseudoloculate outer rim with anastomosing costae, valve face divided transversely into a bounded basal a depression with radiating striae separated by costae. In Disymmetria reticulata sp. nov., the valve surface is strongly undulate the basal is also pseudoloculate with numerous fultoportulae, in contrast to D. excentrica, in which the valve face is weakly undulate only the periphery is pseudoloculate. The new genus also leads to an emended definition of Lauderiaceae to focus on the shared character of valve structure.

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Effects of silver diamine fluoride preparations (SDFs) on cariogenic biofilm formation on root dentin (RD) were investigated. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms were formed on bovine RD blocks coated with one of three the SDFs (38%-SDF, 3.8%-SDF

35%-SDF+potassium-iodide; SDF+KI) a non-coated Control which were quantified (spectrometric-measurement) thickness measured (optical coherence tomography) after 20 h. Bacterial viability test (BacLight) biofilm-morphometry (SEM) of 2 h biofilms were also performed. The amounts of biofilms (bacteria water insoluble glucan) the thickness of biofilm were minimum on 38%-SDF specimen; 3.8%-SDF SDF+KI had significantly more than that, but had significantly less than Control (p<0.05). Most S. mutans cells found dead morphology damaged by 38%-SDF. Some dead bacteria remarkably damaged biofilms were observed in case of 3.8%-SDF SDF+KI. Inhibition potential of 3.8%-SDF SDF+KI on S. mutans biofilm formation is almost similar, although not equivalent to 38%-SDF.

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We built a highly airtight

well thermally insulated house in .Using new heating cooling technology, the electricity costs for heating cooling became lower.An external thermal insulation compound system with thick wooden fiber board was used.

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