We experienced 5 cases of nonbranching site aneurysms arising from the internal carotid artery system in the past 5 years. Two cases were successfully treated with neck clipping and 2 cases were treated with trapping. Wrapping by gauze and fibrin glue was used in 1 unruptured case. The outcome was good in all cases (mRS 0-2).
However, non-branching site aneurysms have fragile walls, the neck is not clearly defined and postoperative rebleeding can easily occur. We believe the sacrifice of a normal parent artery is necessary to prevent re-bleeding. For this reason, we believe interception of the parent artery should always be considered to prevent postoperative rebleeding.
When parent artery interception is of concern regarding postoperative ischemic events, a high-flow EC-IC bypass may be needed. On the other hand, the issue of separation of the neck is possible at all sides and the possibility of clipping strangling part of the parent artery also exists.

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This study developed a regional Intensity?Duration?Frequency (IDF) relationship for ungauged locations based on the scaling theory. The scaling properties of extreme rainfall are examined to establish scaling relationship behaviors of statistical moments over different durations. The results show that a rainfall property in time does follow a simple scaling process. A scale invariance concept is explored for disaggregation (or downscaling) of rainfall intensity from low to high resolution and is applied to the derivation of scaling IDF curves. These curves are developed for ungauged sites based on scaling of the Extreme Value type 1 (EV1) or Gumbel probability distributions. The spatial distribution maps of three parameters: the scaling exponent and two statistical parameters are constructed. By using these maps, the IDF relationships are deduced from only daily rainfall with the scaling approach, which shows good agreements in comparison with the IDF curves obtained from traditional techniques.

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ダイコン4品種を用いて子葉片からの不定芽誘導に及ぼす植物ホルモンの影響について検討した. BAとNAAの種々の組み合わせで不定芽が形成されたが, 形成率は最高で10%であった. 次に, 32品種について2種類の培地を用いて遺伝子型の影響を調査したところ, 15系統で不定芽形成が見られ, 最高で30%程度の形成率を持つ品種が見出された.

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The range for the custom of eating rice gruel made with tea in Shiga prefecture was investigated and the background of this custom was investigated in this paper.
1.In some areas of Shiga, Kinomoto-cho in Ika-gun, Otomehama in Kannzaki-gun and Tarao in -gun, they have the custom of eating rice gruel made with tea.
2.The regions using this custom double the range of the autogeneous tea leaves or that cultured by the command of the Hikone clan.

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In response to severe quality requirements resulting from remarkable progress in rolling techniques, composite type high performance roll was developed. With the adoption of this method, tough core metal, fine structure and high alloy at shell metal can be obtained with ease. Rolls with shell metal of high speed tool steel used as finishing work roll for hot strip mill showed outstanding results in wear resistance, surface roughening resistance and toughness. Consequently, conditions restricted by rolls in steel rolling mills are markedly relieved, rolled products of high grade can be produced and productivity is improved.

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比較的まれな疾患である肝嚢胞腺癌の1手術症例を経験したので報告する.特にmagnetic resonance imazing (MRI) は本例において特徴的な像を示し診断に有用であったのでその所見を呈示する.症例は63歳, 女性.主訴は全身掻痒感.初診時上腹部腫瘤を触知.腹部超音波検査, computed tomography (CT), 腹腔動脈造影にて肝左葉に嚢胞性病変を認めた.MRIにて液体貯留が考えられる部分はT1強調像で高信号を示し, 充実性組織と考えられる部分はT2強調像で高信号と低信号が混在するパターンを示し特徴的であった.超音波ガイド下穿刺にて細胞診はclass-IIであったが, 画像診断より肝嚢胞腺癌を強く疑い肝左葉切除術を施行した.腫瘍は9×8×8cm大, 嚢胞性で内容は褐色調の粘液で, 多房性であった.病理組織学的に嚢胞壁は厚い線維性結合織より成り, その内面に乳頭状に増生する腺癌を認めた.

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本稿は、2015年に木竹工房良庵の河井から竹中大工道具館へ寄贈された「河井コレクション前挽大鋸」の調査報告である。 1. 寄贈された前挽大鋸50挺について、鍛冶銘や形状に基づいたデータベース化を行った。 2. このうち、近世から近代の名産地として知られる京都および近江甲賀の鍛冶銘6件が、複数の収蔵であった。同一銘ごとに編年分類することで、その時代的な形状変化を資料として提示した。 3. このほか、単独に収蔵された大阪、仙台、会津などの地方的な鍛冶銘についても、文献資料を援用してその概要を示し、その年代観を提示した。 4. 江戸時代末期から昭和初期までの時代的な変遷が実物資料に即して辿れること、京都、近江甲賀、大阪、東北などの前挽大鋸製造の地域的な広がりを含むことなどから、本コレクションの資料的価値を示した。

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After publication of above article, the authors realized some errors. The authors correct the errors as follows.

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After publication of above article, the authors realized some errors. The authors correct the errors as follows.

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筆者らはエージングと物理選別を組み合わせた改質処理が焼却主灰の様々な特性に与える影響について研究を進めている。エージング方法は焼却主灰の含水量を調整して二酸化炭素を含むガスを強制通気する炭酸化であり、物理選別方法は、エアテーブル装置による乾式比重選別、および、渦電流装置による非鉄金属分離である。本稿では、これらの処理を組み合わせることによる、焼却主灰中の重金属含有量等への影響を報告する。

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Orphan G protein coupled receptor GPR35 is highly expressed in gastrointestinal tracts. We previously reported that GPR35 plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of colitis via promoting tissue repair and healing, but the detail mechanism is not fully understood. The present study investigated the protective role of GPR35 in the pathogenesis of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, especially in relation to epithelial barrier functions and inflammatory responses. Colitis was induced in male GPR35-deficient (GPR35KO) and wild-type (WT) mice by DSS treatment for 7 days. For intestinal epithelial barrier functions, mucus secretion and tight/adherence junction protein expression were examined. For inflammatory responses, cytokine expression was examined in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). DSS treatment produced severe colitis accompanied by body weight loss and diarrhea/bloody stool, but the severity was significantly aggravated in GPR35KO mice compared with WT mice. There is no difference in epithelial barrier functions between both mice. In contrast, LPS-induced upregulation of cytokine expression significantly enhanced in BMDM obtained from GPR35KO mice compared with WT mice. Further, lysophosphatidic acid, a GPR35 agonist, suppressed LPS-induced cytokine expression in BM from WT mice but not GPR35KO mice. These results suggest that GPR35 plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of DSS-induced colitis. This response may be mediated by attenuation of inflammatory responses but not regulating epithelial barrier functions.

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焼却灰の資源化・安定化技術として水洗やウェザリングが提案されているが、廃水量の多さ、処理期間が長いなどの課題から、さらなる効率化が求められている。本研究では安定化の指標として有機物および鉛に着目し、極少水量(液固比0.5)の間欠散水・通気処理における焼却灰からの有機物・鉛の溶出挙動に散水期間と通気が及ぼす影響を検討した。
実験の結果から、焼却灰の種類に関わらず、Pb、TOC共に1日で散水処理を行うよりも40-50日で行う処理区で環告13号法での溶出値が減少した。散水期間40-50日かつ通気を行う処理区の方が、Pbの炭酸化による溶出抑制効果が高く、TOCの水への溶解に加えて有機物の分解により溶出が抑制されることが示唆された。したがって、極少水量の間欠散水処理では散水期間が1日よりも40-50日で通気の効果が高く発揮され、PbおよびTOCの溶出が抑制されることが示唆された。

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The spatial distributions of wind, wind-driven current, water-column current, and surface temperature were observed in a large meandering reservoir. Overall, it was found that the wind blew along the valley, and it was relatively strong in the center of the wide area. On the other hand, the wind was weak near the shore, in an inlet, and in the meandering area. A high water temperature was observed in places where the wind was weak. The diurnal current direction of surface water in the central area varied hourly, although the wind direction remained constant. The measurement of the horizontal current distribution at 11 stations indicated that all the velocity vectors do not run along the valley, and a vortex and divergent flow were produced by an underwater ridge. It is important to consider the horizontal distribution of wind and water current in order to control the water quality of a meandering reservoir in a mountainous region.

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 Selective withdrawal (SW) systems regulate the temperature of water released downstream of dam while vertical curtains (VC) prevent phytoplanktons from the shallow upstream reaches to disperse into the main reservoir. These water control facilities can affect the reservoir’s temperature distribution. Through long term analysis of Ogouchi’s temperature data together with numerical simulation, this paper explains the variation in temperature profiles during the three distinct periods in the reservoir’s operation namely, (1) deep penstock withdrawal (DPW), (2) purely SW and (3) combined SW and VC. Schmidt’s Stability Index (SSI) and Thermocline Strength Index (TSI) were computed to define thermal stratification. DPW promotes mixing and makes the reservoir generally warmer while SW creates a strong thermocline (high TSI) and when combined with VC, increases thermal stability (high SSI). Using 3-D hydrodynamic simulation, the conditions were successfully replicated. Results showed that outflow location and facilities largely affect the temperature and velocity profiles and the mixing and transport of river water within the reservoir.

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Piercer roll in the pipe manufacturing mills requests the wear resistance and bite efficiency. Usually, low carbon alloyed cast steels are applied to the piercer roll, but have low wear resistance. In order to improve the wear resistance of piecer roll, three tests samples with high carbon content and low hardness are investigated. The most suitable carbon level was determined by using the high temperature wear simulator. The main results obtained are as follows; (1) Microstructure of new piecier roll material consists of ferrite and spheroidal carbide. (2) The carbides except spheroidal carbide cause to heat cracks by thermal shocks to decrease wear resistance and resistance to surface roughness. (3) In case of high temperature wear testing, the micro-structure of matrix consisting much of ferrite structure shows the good wear resistance than the matrix of pearlite structure contained. (4) Ferrite structure is worn by abrasion mechanism and pearlite causes to fatigue cracking and pealing off. (5) The excellent wear resistance of low hardness roll consists of the spheroidal carbide and ferrite, which is gripping carbide and is worn keeping the effective surface roughness.

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  Type and three-dimensional morphology of carbides precipitated in as-cast multi-component white cast irons, which contain 5 % Cr, 1-8 % Mo and W, 1-15 % V, 0-12 % Co and 1.3-3.2 % C, were investigated using an optical microscope, SEM and X-ray diffraction. The types of carbide are MC. M₂C and M₇C₃. Morphology of the MC carbide is classified into three of petal-like, nodular and coral-like types. The M₂C carbide is classified into two of lamellar and coarse plate-like types, and the morphology of M₇C₃ is rod-like or ledeburitic type. The type and morphology of carbides varies remarkably depending on chemical composition of iron, particularly carbon and vanadium, and tungsten equivalent (W_eq), when chromium and cobalt contents are constant. However, they are not changed by cobalt content. Region of chemical compositions in which each type of carbide precipitates is expressed by simple equations in relation to the contents of carbon and vanadium and W_eq.

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  The solidification sequences of multi-component white cast irons containing different types of carbides were investigated by means of thermal analyses and quenching tests. In the case of cast iron with MC and M₂C eutectic carbides, first austenite (γ) phase or MC carbide precipitates as a primary phase, then the L→γ+MC eutectic reaction takes place and finally, the solidification finishes by the L→γ+M₂C eutectic reaction. In cast iron in which MC and M₇C₃ carbides coexist, the solidification begins with the precipitation of the primary γ phase or MC carbide, followed by the L→γ+MC eutectic reaction goes, and then the L→γ+M₇C₃ eutectic reaction. As for cast iron with MC, M₇C₃ and M₂C eutectic carbides, the solidification sequence is as follows : L₀→γ+MC+(L₁), L₁→γ+M₇C₃+(L₂) and L₂→γ+M₂C. EDS analyses of alloy concentrations in the liquid regions of the quenched sample demonstrated the propriety of each eutectic reaction during solidification.

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32歳, 男性. 1994年12月, 病期I精巣腫瘍にて高位精巣摘除術施行. 病理診断は胎児性癌に未熟奇形腫の混在した奇形癌であった. 再発予防の化学療法は行わず, 無治療経過観察 (surveillance policy) としていた. 1996年1月, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) が133.8ng/ml, hCG-βが0.8ng/mlと上昇, また腹部CTにて後腹膜リンパ節転移を認め再発と診断し, CDDP, VCR, MTX, PEP, Etoposide からなるCOMPE化学療法を行った. 5コース施行後にはAFPおよびhCG-βは陰性化したが腫瘍は縮小せずむしろ増大したため, 同年5月22日, 残存腫瘍の摘出術を行った. 病理診断は成熟奇形腫で残存癌組織は見られず, 臨床経過から growing teratoma syndrome と診断した. 現在, 術後17ヵ月が経過しているが再発を認めていない.
精巣非セミノーマではAFPやhCG-βといった腫瘍マーカーの推移が腫瘍量をよく反映する. そのため画像上の腫瘍の大きさとともに治療効果の判定によく用いられ, 通常, マーカーの減少は腫瘍の縮小と相関する. しかし, ごく一部の症例では化学療法による腫瘍マーカー下降に相反して腫瘍増大が見られ, その組織では悪性成分を認めず成熟奇形腫のみがみられることがあり, Logothetis らはこの病態を growing teratoma syndrome と報告した. 治療に関しては摘出可能な大きさのうちに残存腫瘍の完全切除を行うことが第一とされており, 手術施行例では非常に良好な転帰が報告されている. Growing teratoma syndrome という病態を認識することは, 有転移非セミノーマの治療において手術時期を逸しぬためにも重要であると思われる.

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ポテンショメータの出力値を, 任意に指定されたパルス幅に変換できるパルス幅可変型エンコーダ(VIPエンコーダ)を開発し, このVIPエンコーダを用いた, 位置決め制御手法を開発したので報告する。

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