The intra-third-ventricular (i.t.v.) administration of [Met⁵]-enkephalin (enk) to rats pretreated i.t.v. with three peptidase inhibitors (), amastatin, captopril and phosphoramidon, inhibited the tail-flick response. The enk-induced inhibition was augmented by increasing the doses of the three , with the maximum inhibition being attained at the doses of 10 nmol each. The enk-induced inhibition in rats pretreated with any combination of two , however, were markedly smaller than that in rats pretreated with all three , indicating that three kinds of enzymes all played important roles in the inactivation of enk. The inhibitory effect of enk on the tail-flick response in rats pretreated with the three at doses of 10 nmol each was approximately tenfold higher than that of morphine. The relative anti-nociceptive potencies of enk and morphine were similar to the relative inhibitory potencies obtained previously with the isolated guinea pig ileum pretreated with the three , indicating that the hydrolysis of the i.t.v. administered enk was largely prevented by the three . However, the magnitude of the enk-induced inhibition in rats pretreated s.c. with the three indicated that the hydrolysis of enk injected i.t.v. was not largely prevented by the s.c. administration of three at doses up to 10 μmol each/kg.

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The effects of a mixture of three peptidase inhibitors (), amastatin, captopril and phosphoramidon, on methionine-enkephalin (Met-enk)-, β-endorphin (β-end)-, dynorphin-(1-13) (Dyn)-and electroacupuncture (EA)-induced antinociception were compared in rats. EA was performed by passing electric pulses (3 Hz, 0.1-msec duration, for 45 min) through acupuncture needles inserted into the Hokupoint. The antinociceptive effect was estimated by the hind paw pressure test. The antinociceptive effects of Met-enk and β-end injected i.c.v. or Lt. and of Dyn injected i.t. were clearly potentiated by the pretreated by the same administration routes as used for the injection of opioid peptides. The antinociceptive effects of Met-enk, β-end and Dyn injected i.c.v. were also potentiated significantly by i.t.-. injected into the periaqueductal gray (PAG) potentiated EA antinociception. However, the EA effect was not affected by i.t.- and was rather attenuated by i.c.v.-. These results suggest that: i) Met-enk hydrolyzing enzymes are involved in the degradation of not only Met-enk but also β-end and Dyn in the rat central nervous system; ii) Met-enk and β-end act on both supraspinal and spinal sites, while Dyn acts only on the spinal site; iii) EA antinociception is mediated by supraspinal Met-enk and/or β-end; and iv) an anti-opiate peptide system may be activated by EA stimulation, being susceptible to Met-enk hydrolyzing enzymes.

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University facilities have significant effects on education and research and should be systematically maintained and managed. The Performance Indicator (PI) implicitly discloses the range of work scope and helps facility managers to achieve the goals and objectives of an organization. Much has been said about the importance of facility management (FM), however, there is no specific standard or guideline pertaining to FM services for campus facilities in Korea.
Therefore, the main objective of this research is to provide facility managers with rigidly selected for improving the quality of FM service of campus facilities. are collected through intensive analysis of primary literature related to FM services and educational facilities. The 44 preselected fell into four areas as classified in the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and the Delphi survey was conducted twice to identify Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Finally, the importance-performance analysis (IPA) and Kendall′s W are used to analyze the results. The priority on all the 44 was set by considering four sections in the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) and finalization of the total of 8 KPIs. This research will serve as a guideline for campus facility managers in making decisions for improving the quality of FM services.

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塩化リゾチームを含有するリフラップ^®軟膏 (RO) と, ポビドンヨード・シュガー軟膏 () 及びポビドンヨード・シュガー軟膏配合リフラップ軟膏 (RO+) について, 皮膚潰瘍に対する治療効果を比較検討し, 次の結果を得た。
1) 有用以上の有用率は, RO群62.5%, RO+群50%, 群32.5%であった。
2) 中等度改善以上の改善率は, 表皮形成でRO群25%, RO+群37.5%, 群12.5%であった。又, 膿性分泌物及び壊死物質付着の改善度は, RO+群, RO群, 群の順に高かった。
以上の結果からリフラップ軟膏はポビドンヨード・シュガ-軟膏を添加することにより, 皮膚潰瘍の表皮形成, 膿性分泌物及び壊死物質の改善に優れた効果を有すると考えられた。

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This paper considers the implementation of a cascade type

compensator for the pneumatic anti-vibration apparatuses (AVA) control system. In precedence research the parallel type compensator was used. This is composed of a PI and S compensators connected in parallel. However a compensator is interpreted as a special case of what is used in repetitive control. In this case, a cascade connected compensators is used. According to this, the compensator should be in series type. Also, parallel type compensator generates swing of the output signal. Through above problems, cascade type compensator is considered. However, the AVA control system with the compensator causes collision and steady-state deviation. In order to resolve these problems, we improve the structure of the compensator and its switching method. This experimental result shows that the normal operation of the AVA control system with cascade type compensator. From the above, we show that the implementation of cascade type compensator for the AVA control system.

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Objectives: As an occupational injury, percutaneous injury (PI) can result in chronic morbidity and death for healthcare workers (HCWs). A pilot surveillance system for using the Chinese version of Exposure Prevention Information Network (EPINet) was introduced in Taiwan in 2003. We compared data from EPINet and recall of using a cross-sectional survey for rates to establish the reliability of the new system. Methods: HCWs from hospitals that had implemented EPINet for ≥12 months completed a survey for recall of contaminated sustained between October 2004 and September 2005, type of item involved, and reasons for reporting or not reporting the PI. Comparative data from EPINet for the same period were analyzed. Results: The EPINet rate, 36.1/1,000 HCW (95%CI 31.8-41.1) was almost 5 times lower (p<0.0001) than the PI recall rate for 2,464 HCWs of 170/1,000 HCWs (95%CI 155.4-185.5). Approximately 2.5 were recalled for every 1,000 bed-days of care. The recall rate by physicians was 268.3/1,000, 188.5/1,000 for nurses, 88.9/1,000 for medical technologists and 81.3/1,000 for support staff. Hollow-bore needle items most commonly recorded on EPINet includ, disposable needles and syringes were underreported by 81%, vacuum tube holder/needles by 67%, and arterial blood gas needles by 75%. Nearly 63% of the reasons for underreporting were related to the complexity of the reporting process, while 37% were associated with incorrect knowledge about the risks associated with . Conclusions: EPINet data underestimates a commonplace occupational injury with nearly four in five not reported. Addressing the real barriers to reporting must begin with hospital administrators impressing on HCWs that reporting is essential for designing appropriate safety interventions.

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In this paper, we designed a

control method that can automatically estimate the disturbance frequency using Schmitt trigger and implemented it in a pneumatic vibration isolator. A pneumatic vibration isolator is used for vibration suppression of the semiconductor exposure apparatus. The pneumatic vibration damping device adopts a structure in which the isolated table is supported by an air spring and compressed air supplied and exhausted from the compressor is supplied to the air spring. As this compressed air is accompanied by pressure fluctuations, it causes vibrations in the isolated table. control using S compensator which suppresses periodic vibration in PI control is used to suppress this flow disturbance. However, in the control, when the frequency of the actual disturbance fluctuates, the vibration suppression effect by the control deteriorates. Therefore, we proposed a controller that can automatically estimate the frequency of disturbance using Schmitt trigger. By implementing this method, we succeeded in improving the vibration suppression effect by comparing displacement of the base of conventional control method and automatic frequency estimation control.

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空圧式アクティブ除振装置では，圧縮空気の生成過程で流量外乱が発生し，それによる振動が課題となる．その対策として，これまで周期外乱の抑制に有効な制御を除振装置に実装し，その有効性を示した．同制御法は，PI補償器と周期外乱の内部モデルに対応するS補償器で構成される．従来の制御では， S補償器がPI補償器と並列に接続されるが，周期外乱の一抑制法として知られる繰返し制御の場合，周期信号の内部モデルが安定化補償器と直列に接続されている．そこで本発表では，S補償器を直列に接続した直列型制御を検討し，除振装置への適用可能性について議論する．

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The alignnaent behavior of liquid crystal (LC) on the surface of four types of polyimide (PI) films exposed to linearly polarized ultraviolet (LPUV) light was investigated with polarizing microscopy.We found that the homogeneous alignment of the LC was induced. The alignment ability of the was strongly depen dent on the chemical structure of and increased with increasing of the absorbed energy of the . The change in the PI structure after UV exposure was evaluated by UV-VIS spectroscopy. The spectra showed that the absorbance change of the aromatic is much smaller than that of the PI with an alicyclic dian hydride when uniform homogeneous alignment of the LC was caused. In particular, the change in the absorbance of the aromatic PI with ether group was only 0.05%. The results mean that the aromatic are more favorable as a photosensitive alignment layer than the PI with an alicyclic moiety and the homogeneous alignment of the LCs can be induced without significant destruction of the chemical structure of .

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Network coordinates (NCs) enable the efficient and accurate estimation of network latency by mapping the geographical relationship among all nodes to Euclidean space. Many researchers have proposed NC-based strategies to reduce the lookup latency of distributed hash tables (DHTs). However, these strategies are limited in the improvement of the lookup latency; the nearest node to which a query should be forwarded is not always included in the consideration scope of a node. This is because conventional latency improvement strategies assign node IDs independent of the underlying physical network and still have the possibility of detour routing. In this paper, we propose an NC-based method of constructing a topology-aware DHT by Proximity Identifier Selection (/NC). /NC constructs a logical ID space of a DHT from the Euclidean space constructed by NCs; a node ID corresponds to the network coordinate of the node. By doing this, the consideration scope of a node always contains the nearest node, thus, we can expect a great reduction in lookup latency. Unlike the conventional strategy that poses unavoidable issues due to uneven ID distribution, /NC tries to moderate these issues by a simple optimization, provided by a /NC stabilizer. The /NC stabilizer detects an uneven distribution of node IDs locally, and then recalculates some IDs so that the unevenness is moderated. As case studies, this paper presents Canary and Harpsichord, which are /NC-based CAN and Chord, respectively. Simulation results show that /NC-based DHTs improve lookup latency. Under the environment using the Transit-Stub model, where SAT-Match and DHash++ are only able to reduce the median lookup latency by 19% of CAN and 9% of Chord, respectively, Canary and Harpsichord reduce it by 40% and 35%, respectively. We also verify that the /NC stabilizer moderates the non-uniform distribution of node IDs.

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Network coordinates (NCs) enable the efficient and accurate estimation of network latency by mapping the geographical relationship among all nodes to Euclidean space. Many researchers have proposed NC-based strategies to reduce the lookup latency of distributed hash tables (DHTs). However, these strategies are limited in the improvement of the lookup latency; the nearest node to which a query should be forwarded is not always included in the consideration scope of a node. This is because conventional latency improvement strategies assign node IDs independent of the underlying physical network and still have the possibility of detour routing. In this paper, we propose an NC-based method of constructing a topology-aware DHT by Proximity Identifier Selection (/NC). /NC constructs a logical ID space of a DHT from the Euclidean space constructed by NCs; a node ID corresponds to the network coordinate of the node. By doing this, the consideration scope of a node always contains the nearest node, thus, we can expect a great reduction in lookup latency. Unlike the conventional strategy that poses unavoidable issues due to uneven ID distribution, /NC tries to moderate these issues by a simple optimization, provided by a /NC stabilizer. The /NC stabilizer detects an uneven distribution of node IDs locally, and then recalculates some IDs so that the unevenness is moderated. As case studies, this paper presents Canary and Harpsichord, which are /NC-based CAN and Chord, respectively. Simulation results show that /NC-based DHTs improve lookup latency. Under the environment using the Transit-Stub model, where SAT-Match and DHash++ are only able to reduce the median lookup latency by 19% of CAN and 9% of Chord, respectively, Canary and Harpsichord reduce it by 40% and 35%, respectively. We also verify that the /NC stabilizer moderates the non-uniform distribution of node IDs.

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(p-イソプロペニルフェネチル) ポリ (α-メチルスチレン) マクロモノマー (PSM, M_n=8400) を高真空下, 室温においてカリウム鏡 (K) と反応させて, それぞれを単離することには成功していないが, 3種類の高分子開始剤 (K^+- (PSM) _n^-K⁺, n=1, 2, 4) を合成した. イソプレン (Is) をこれらの高分子開始剤で重合させて, それぞれの開始剤種に対応する3本腕と4本腕と6本腕の (PSM) _n-s- () ₂の星型-ブロック共重合体 (n=1, 2, 4) を合成した. (PSM) ₁-s- () ₂が主生成物であり, その収率は75%以上であった. 三つの (PSM) _n-s- () ₂のそれぞれについて, 組成分布と分子量分布は狭く, 新たに合成された鎖の腕の分子量は互いに同じ値であった. このような解析結果は組成が異なる三つの試料: SSI-1 (重量比が33%) とSSI-2 (56%) とSSI-3 (85%) について, 同じであった. さらに, 重合に用いたIsの仕込み量に比例して鎖の腕の分子量が増加した. これらの事実より, IsはK^+- (PSM) _n^-K⁺高分子開始剤によってリビングアニオン機構により重合したと思われる.

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A 5-day-old hornless goat was referred with dysuria since birth. The scrotum was absent, and a small penis-like structure was seen below the perineal raphe. On the laparotomy, the testicles were found near the inguinal ring- and attached to a uterus-like structure. On histological analysis, the uterus-like structure was blind-end. Germ cells were absent in the testis. The karyotype of this goat was 60, XX and the SRY gene was absent. The goat was homozygous for a DNA deletion responsible for the Polled Intersex Syndrome (). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report as the clinical case of the -/- goat with urethral atresia.

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Recent advances in imaging technology resulted in an increase in pituitary incidentalomas (

) detection. were reported to be present in 1.6% persons with magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Whereas, there were few studies about with detailed investigation. We aimed to investigate the clinical and endocrinological characteristics of . We evaluated 65 patients diagnosed with who underwent detailed clinical and endocrinological evaluations. Of the 65 patients, 33 (50.8%) had non-functional pituitary adenomas (NFPAs), 11 (16.9%) had Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs), 7 (10.8%) had functional pituitary adenomas (FPAs), 6 (9.2%) had benign extra-pituitary tumors (BEPTs), and 8 (12.3%) had malignant tumors (MTs). Compared with patients with NFPAs, those with MTs were significantly younger and had a significantly lower body mass index, lower prevalence of hypertension, and lower prevalence of dyslipidemia. Patients with MTs had significantly higher prevalence of central diabetes insipidus than those with NFPAs. In addition, patients with NFPAs had significantly higher prevalence of pituitary apoplexy than those with FPAs, BEPTs, and MTs. In conclusion, our study demonstrated clinical and endocrinological characteristics of . Highly detailed clinical and endocrinological investigations should be performed for . In addition, MTs should be considered in the differential diagnosis for young and lean patients with central diabetes insipidus.

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The effect of synthetic proteinase inhibitors () and proteinase substrates on chemotaxis of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was studied by using Boyden's method in vitro. Serine- had a potent inhibitory activity on PMN chemotaxis. The relative potencies of the inhibitory action of on the PMN chemotaxis in vitro were TPCK>inhibitor B&ge;TLCK>EACA hexyl ester>FR 45009. The experiments using serine-proteinase substrates suggest an important role of chymotrypsinlike proteinase of PMNs in the process of PMN chemotaxis. Leupeptin had no direct effect on PMN chemotaxis in vitro, but significantly suppressed the zymosan-mediated generation of a chemoattractant for PMNs in rat serum. Other had no effect on the generation of PMN chemoattractant. These results suggest that the except leupeptin suppress PMN infiltration in vivo as a result of a direct action on PMNs, while leupeptin indirectly suppresses PMN infiltration in vivo through the inhibition of the generation of a chemoattractant for PMNs.

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ホスファチジルイノシトール合成酵素 () は, CDP-ジアシルグリセロール (CDP-DAG) とイノシトールからホスファチジルイノシトール (PI) を生成する反応を触媒する.生成物のホスファチジルイノシトールは, 生体膜の構成成分の1つであると同時に, 細胞内セカンドメッセンジャーを産生するホスホイノシタイドの前駆体であるので, この酵素は, リン脂質合成酵素のなかで, 重要な1つと認識されている.今回, in situハイブリダイゼーション法で若年ラットの中枢神経における mRNAの発現を検討すると, 嗅球, 海馬, 小脳, 脊髄で高かった.そこで更に各々の部位について, RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) を用いて mRNAの定量し, その経時的変化を, 生後0日目 (P0), P7, P14, P21, P28, adultの6段階で測定した.生後0日目では, 嗅球では中程度の発現を認めたが, 海馬, 小脳, 脊髄では, 発現は微量であった.いずれの部位でも, 生後の1週間で, 最も増加し, P7からP28にかけてはピークを維持し, adultになると発現が減少していた. mRNAの発現は, 出生直後からの初期発達過程では, 中枢神経系のこれらの部位でそれぞれに調節されていることが示された.

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Objective: Pharmaceutical documents such as the common technical document, package inserts (

), and interview forms (IFs) are available at the website of the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. However, because these documents were created with an emphasis on human readability in paper form, it is difficult to use the information included and interoperate these documents with computers. Using IFs, we will investigate how to structure pharmaceutical documents in the AI era to achieve both human and machine readability.

Design/Methods: The IFs of arbitrary selected ten drugs were structured into Resource Description Framework (RDF) according to the Drug Interview Form Description Guidelines 2018 (updated version in 2019). The data were manually extracted from the IFs and entered into a spreadsheet before being converted to RDF by a written script. The

were converted to RDF in addition to the IFs. To examine the linkage with external databases, IDs in ChEMBL, which is a manually curated database of bioactive molecules with drug-like properties, were embedded in the RDF.

Results: We demonstrated that the conversion of IFs and

into RDF makes it possible to easily retrieve the corresponding part of the cited in the IFs. Furthermore, we quickly obtained the relevant data from ChEMBL, demonstrating the feasibility of linking IFs with an external database. Our attempt to RDFization of IFs is expected to encourage the development of web applications for healthcare professionals and the development of datasets for AI development.

Conclusion: We could easily interoperate IFs with other pharmaceutical documents and an external database by converting IFs into RDF following the description guidelines. However, problems such as how to deal with items that were not described in the description guidelines were indicated. We hope that discussions will grow based on this effort and that related industries will move toward accomplishing effective use of these documents.

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This paper concerns the licensing of Polarity Items () in English and Japanese, especially, expressions with any and some and wh-MO (e.g. naNI-MO ‘what-MO’) and wh-ka (e.g. nani-ka ‘what-ka’). It is argued that their occurrence is explained in a uniform way by the framework in which the licensing is accomplished through checking of 'intrinsic feature [+/-α] and movement for the checking is restricted by the chain uniformity condition proposed by Chomsky and Lasnik (1993). The difference in the distribution of the between English and Japanese is attributed to the difference in the status of the (argument/adjunct) and L-relatedness property (A/A′-position) of the Spec of Neg(Σ)P.

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Asymmetric biphenyl type polyimides (PI) were prepared by thermal imidization of polyamic acids (PAA) derived from 2, 3, 3′, 4′- biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (a-BPDA) and p-phenylenediamine (PDA) or 4, 4′-oxydianiline (ODA). The degrees of molecular orientation, film densities, and dynamic mechanical properties of these were compared with those of familiar based on symmetric 3, 4, 3′, 4′- biphenyltetracazboxylic dianhydride (s-BPDA). PI(a-BPDA/PDA) cured at 350°C showed a T_g close to that of PI(s-BPDA/PDA) prepared under the same condition in spite of the bent chain structure of the former. Comparison of the cured at 400°C manifested that PI(a-BPDA/PDA) has a T_g at 410°C (abrupt decrease in E′) whereas PI(s-BPDA/PDA) show no distinct T_g. Similar result was also observed for the ODA systems. The unexpectedly high T_gs of a-BPDA-based were explained in terms of the restricted conformational change around the phenyl-phenyl bond in the a-BPDA unit. The difference of the E′ decrement at the T_g for both type of are probably attributed to the difference of the intensity of intermolecular interactions. In PI(a-BPDA/PDA) thin film cured on a substrate, the segments unexpectedly align slightly to the film plane.

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