Modulation of learning memory acquisition, retention retrieval in the one trial passive avoidance learning task in mice by three inescapable stresses, i.e., footshock (FS), psychological () forced swimming (SW) were investigated. Pre-, post-training pre-test FS-stress (2 mA, 0.2 Hz, 1 sec for 30 min) pre-training -stress (communication box, 5 min) resulted in enhanced test latencies. On the contrary, SW-stress (20°C, 5 min) immediately or 1 hr after training impaired retention latencies that tended to recover after 2 hr post-training SW-stress, suggesting that at least 2 hr are required to consolidate newly acquired information. In contrast, pre-stress naloxone (Nx), which did not affect FSand -stress induced facilitatory effects, returned to control levels the impaired retention latencies induced by SW-stress. Taken collectively, these results imply the involvement of an opioid-dependent mechanism in the modulation of memory by SW-stress non-opioid in the case of FS- -stress. Furthermore, they suggest that different mechanisms are involved in stress-induced memory modifications the production of stress-induced analgesia (SIA) since in the latter, FS but not SW stress produce Nx-sensitive antinociception.

抄録全体を表示

Phytoene synthase (

) is one of the key regulatory enzyme on the biosynthesis accumulation of carotenoid in citrus fruits. The transcriptional diversity of is mainly attributed to the structural variation in promoter region among alleles. In aim to clarify how this transcriptional diversity is regulated among them, alleles responsible for carotenoid biosynthesis in the fruits are characterized their promoter sequences were compared. Based on gene structure expression pattern of homologues on the clementine mandarin genome sequence, alleles responsible for carotenoid biosynthesis are derived from a single locus in the scaffold 6. AG mapping population possessed four alleles derived from parent lines of A255 G434, their F₁ individuals with

PSY

-g2 allele tended to have low transcription level. From sequence comparison of their promoter regions, the cis-motif alternation from MYBPZM to RAV1AAT might be a candidate to influence the transcription level. Among the ancestral pedigree varieties of AG mapping population, the transcription level of correlated with genotypes of MYBPZM RAV1AAT motifs in the promoter region of alleles, so that homozygous genotype of MYBPZM showed higher transcription level while heterozygous genotype of MYBPZM RAV1AAT showed lower transcription level.

抄録全体を表示

This study was conducted to determine whether dietary psyllium () can protect against the estrogenic activity of Bisphenol A (BPA) in a rat uterotrophic bioassay. Fifteen immature female rats were fed a commercial diet (blank diet), a blank diet containing 0.1% BPA (control diet), or a blank diet with 0.1% BPA 5% ( diet) for 6 days. The uterine weight of the control group was significantly higher than of the blank group. The uterine weight the uterine BPA levels of the group were significantly lower than the control group. Serum BPA concentrations liver BPA levels of the group tended to decrease compared to the control group. However, BPA excretions in feces were significantly higher in the group than in the control group (p<0.01). These observations indicate that dietary feeding can protect against the estrogenic activity of BPA in rats.

抄録全体を表示

Syntaxin is a component of t-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE), which is responsible for docking membrane vesicles at the target membrane is highly conserved among eukaryotes. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the + gene encoding a syntaxin 1 homolog was originally isolated as a multicopy suppressor of the sporulation-deficient mutant, spo3, but little is known about the way 1 is involved in sporulation. Here we report the isolation of a sporulation-defective mutant,

psy

1-S1, generated by random PCR mutagenesis.

psy

1-S1 also exhibited temperature sensitivity in growth. In

psy

1-S1 cells, assembly of the forespore membrane (FSM) initiated near the spindle pole bodies during meiosis II, but subsequent expansion of the membrane was severely impaired. Overproduction of the cognate SNARE proteins, Syb1 Sec9, suppressed both the temperature sensitivity sporulation defects of

psy

1-S1. These results indicate that 1 plays an essential role in FSM formation coordinated by Syb1 Sec9.

抄録全体を表示

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of stress on allergic reaction. We studied changes in the contact hypersensitivity reaction (CHR) of mice exposed to foot shock (FS) stress or psychological () stress induced by the communication box. CHR was elicited by applying antigen (2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, DNFB) to the ear of the mice at 4 days after DNFB sensitization. In acute stress experiments, DNFB-sensitized mice were exposed for 2 h to FS or stress after contact challenge with DNFB. Acute FS stress significantly inhibited CHR immediately after the end of the stress period (3 h after DNFB-challenge), a significant enhancement of the CHR was observed at 5 h after DNFB-challenge. The concentration of the serum corticosterone level of the mice exposed to acute FS stress significantly increased compared to the control mice, immediately after stress loading. Both CHR serum corticosterone levels after acute stress loading were almost the same as those of the control groups. The temporary decrease of the inflammatory reaction at CHR caused by acute FS stress loading may have been correlated with serum corticosterone produced by the stress, the increase of corticosterone may act as a trigger of enhancement of the CHR (delayed-type hypersensitivity). Chronic stress experiments were designed to expose mice to FS or stress 2 h daily after sensitization with DNFB. These chronic stresses caused a significant reduction in the body weight of mice. The temporary decrease effect on the CHR of chronic FS stress-loaded mice was similar to the acute FS stress-loaded mice. In contrast, no significant enhancement of the CHR (late phase) at 24 h 48 h after challenge was observed. Although the changes in body weight suggested that mice were influenced by chronic stress, no significant difference from the control group for the CHR of mice exposed to chronic stress was found, as in the case of acute stress loading. The correlation between chronic stress CHR remains to be ascertained.

抄録全体を表示

本調査は、中元·歳暮の実態及び、贈り手·もらい手の意識の把握を目的とした。まずアンケート調査で実態を把握し、さらにインタビューを実施した。中元·歳暮では「欲しいもの」と実際に「贈ったもの」·「もらったもの」は、決して一致する訳ではなくズレが存在した。また、本当に喜ばれているかどうか先様の反応を気にしながらも、直接は聞けずお礼状の感じ等でそれとなく反応を探っていた。もらい手側も嫌な品物をもらっても相手に「迷惑」とは言えずとりあえず無難なお礼をするのが常である。中元·歳暮は、いわば手探り状態でやりとりされており、特に疎遠な人とのやりとりには「わずらわしい」というのが本音。今後、中元·歳暮は減少傾向と思われるが、気持ちを伝えやすい身近な人とのやりとりは残ると考える。

抄録全体を表示

The role of Tyr-MIF-1 (Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH₂) in biological responses to stress exposure was examined in mice. Intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular administration of Tyr-MIF-1 attenuated not only footshock (FS)- forced swimming (SW)-stress-induced analgesia (SIA) but also socio-psychological ()-SIA that, when using the communication box, is produced without any direct physical nociceptions. Tyr-MIF-1 also disrupted the suppressive effect of concurrent exposure to FS- -stress on the development of morphine antinociceptive tolerance. In elevated-plus-maze tests, mice treated with Tyr-MIF-1 tended to spend more time in the open arms compared with the control group, suggesting the anxiolytic properties of the peptide. Thus, the finding that Tyr-MIF-1 modulates these stress responses suggests that the peptide regulates an endogenous biological alert system responding to stress exposure, perhaps, counteracting the excessive response of the system. Furthermore, Tyr-MIF-1, in the case of -stress, through the attenuation of emotional factors such as fear anxiety, may suppress -SIA inhibition by -stress of the development of morphine tolerance.

抄録全体を表示

The site of action involved in the suppression by exposure to footshock (FS)- psychological ()-stress of the development of antinociceptive tolerance to morphine has been investigated. Daily treatment with 10 mg/kg, s.c.; 3μg, i.t.; 5μg, i.c.v. of morphine, regardless of the administration route, resulted in the development of tolerance. Daily exposure to FS- or -stress suppressed the development of tolerance to s.c. i.t. administered morphine but not that to i.c.v. administered morphine. Pretreatment with 2 mg/kg, i.p. of nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) abolished the suppressive effect of -stress on the development of tolerance to morphine given s.c. The suppression by -stress was also antagonized by 2μg, i.t. of nor-BNI not by 2μg, i.c.v. of nor-BNI. Thus, the development of tolerance in the spinal cord due to interaction of morphine at μ-opioid receptors can be suppressed by exposure to these stresses, probably through the descending signals from the supraspinal area, activation of κ-opioid receptors in the spinal cord could also participate in the suppression by -stress.

抄録全体を表示

This paper a new dimension in e-learning by collecting analyzing physiological data during real-world e-learning sessions. Two different content materials, namely Interactive (IM) Non-interactive (N-IM), were utilized to determine the physiological state of e-learners. Electrocardiogram (ECG) Skin Conductance Level (SCL) were recorded continuously while learners experienced IM N-IM for about 25 minutes each. Data from 18 students were collected for analysis. As a result significant difference between IM N-IM was observed in SCL (p < .01) meanwhile there were no significance in other indices such as heart rate its variability, skin conductance response (SCR). This study suggests a new path in understanding e-learners' physiological state with regard to different e-learning materials; the results of this study suggest a clear distinction in physiological states in the context of different learning materials.

抄録全体を表示

The ubiquitous massive mobile phone data generation

new opportunities to determine the requirements of transportation, disaster management public health care systems. Currently, data from mobile phone records can help in identifying the location of the users while they are making trips. Generally, this estimation is achieved using traditional data collection methods; however, these methods are difficult to apply in developing countries with rapidly growing cities owing to the high population limitation in conducting a survey. Call detail records (CDRs) are used as base data because they are valuable data sources can reduce the cost time limitations. The aim of this study is to estimate origin-destination (OD) trips from each zone by using the CDRs. The OD trips are estimated by using the CDRs of one week taken from Myanmar Post Telecommunication mobile operator for over 1.9 million users per day in Yangon, the economic center of Myanmar. The OD trips are estimated from CDRs based on the location of the base station in a limited time window time frame. If the same mobile users is observed in two different the ones within the time limit, it is assumed that the mobile user is coming out from the first zone the trips represents an originating trip. This trip would be the destination trip for zone where the mobile user enters. In this study, the originating (outgoing) destination trips (incoming) from each township on a weekday weekend are determined. These data are useful for infrastructure development urban transportation planning.

抄録全体を表示

Free plant sterols cannot be dissolved in oil or water. Using free plant sterols egg yolks, we developed a plant sterol-egg yolk lipoprotein complex () that can be dispersed in water considered suitable for use in processed foods. The cholesterol-lowering activity of was equal to that of free plant sterols plant sterol esters. Consumption of a freeze-dried -containing omelet reduced serum hepatic cholesterol concentrations. The results suggest that has cholesterol-lowering activity equivalent to that of free plant sterols plant sterol esters. Moreover, the cholesterol-lowering activity of was maintained in processed foods.

抄録全体を表示

The analgesic effect induced by exposure to psychological stress, using a communication box (psychological stress-induced analgesia, -SIA), was completely antagonized by 10 min pretreatment with 0.5, 1 2 mg/kg of nor-binaltorphimine with 0.5 1 mg/kg of Mr2266, selective κ-opioid receptor antagonists, in the tail pinch method. Neither footshock (FS)- nor forced swimming (SW)-SIA was affected by these antagonists. The selective δ-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole, at doses up to 20 mg/kg, had no appreciable effect on -SIA. Daily morphine treatment, 10 mg/kg, s.c., resulted in tolerance to the analgesic effect, concurrent exposure to -stress suppressed the development of morphine tolerance. The substitution of treatment with U-50, 488H for -stress still resulted in analgesia on the initial day; likewise, the suppression by U-50, 488H of the development of morphine tolerance was replicated by -stress. Pretreatment with nor-binaltorphimine antagonized the suppressive effect of -stress on the development of morphine tolerance without affecting the analgesic effect of morphine per se. These results provide further evidence that -SIA involves the mediation by κ-opioid receptor mechanisms.

抄録全体を表示

Certification of school psychologists in Japan started in 1997. Now there are about 3, 700 certified school sychologists in Japan. They work in kindergartens, elementary schools, junior high schools, high schools, special schools, as well as for local educational authorities counseling centers. But these school psychologists work as teachers, school counselors, other extra staff, not as school psychologists. Furthermore, school psychologists in Japan usually do not do developmental assessment of children. This situation is very different from that in other countries. The present report reviews school psychologists' work in some other countries recommends changes in the job responsibilities of school psychologists in Japan. In the U. S. A., UK, some other countries, school psychologists have much to do with the assessment of children with special educational needs. School psychologists in Japan also should have skills needed for the developmental assessment of students who may have special educational needs, in order to establish a firm status as psychologists.

抄録全体を表示

The antinociceptive effect induced by exposure to socio-psychological () stress using a communication box was assessed by the formalin test in mice, compared with those by exposure to footshock (FS) stress forced swimming (SW) stress. After the termination of stress exposure, whereas exposure to FS- SW-stress resulted in the attenuation of the formalin-induced biphasic pain response over 15 min, no appreciable antinociceptive effect was found in the case of stress. When exposure to stress was started during the period of early or late phase of pain after the formalin injection, the antinociceptive effect was maintained for 5 - 15 min; however, further exposure to stress was not effective for producing antinociception. In the tail-pinch test, likewise, exposure to stress longer than 5 min rather decreased the intensity of antinociception. We conclude that stress in this tonic pain paradigm produces antinociception, but further continuous exposure to the emotional stress caused mice to become recuperative even in such a fear-inducing situation.

抄録全体を表示

【はじめに、目的】

東京都足立区は重点課題として子どもの貧困対策に取り組んでおり，行政・民間・NPO等から様々な支援を図ることが求められている。子どもの貧困はライフコースの視点から長期的な健康格差にも影響する社会課題であり，予防の文脈からも取り組む意義は大きい。近年では社会環境の重要性からゼロ次予防というパラダイムも提唱されるようになり，特に地域における繋がりやソーシャルキャピタルが住民の健康状態や育児のしやすさと関連するといった研究は多数報告されている。そこで当法人では子どもを取り巻くソーシャルキャピタルの一拠点として駄菓子屋運営を開始した。本発表では1年間の駄菓子屋運営の報告をする。

【方法】

当法人は2017年に子どもや保護者の健康増進を目的に設立し，育児や発達に関する講座・ワークショップ等を開催してきた。しかし参加者の多くは医療従事者や遠方からの参加者であり，地域住民の健康増進に寄与するという目的には課題が残っていた。一次予防として健康情報の普及啓発は重要であるが，健康意識の高い層にのみ情報が届くため健康格差を拡げるとの指摘もある。そこで2021年に地域住民との関係づくりのために駄菓子屋の運営を開始した。月に3回レンタルスペースを借り，駄菓子販売を通じて子どもや保護者とコミュニケーションを図り，関係性を構築していった。また講座やワークショップの開催も継続して行った。

【結果】

開店初月である2021年4月の平均来店者数は同伴の保護者を除いて48名/日であったが，1年後の2022年4月の平均来店者数は74名/日と，経時的に駄菓子屋に来る子どもや保護者の数は増加した。保護者からの身体の不調や発達に関する悩みの相談件数も経時的に増加傾向にあった。相談内容は「子どもの姿勢が気になる」「子どもの走り方が気になる」「靴が合わない」「発達障害があり不安」「肩こりが気になる」等があった。講座やワークショップの参加者も地域住民で非専門職の割合が増えた（2019年度：地域住民非専門職21%→2021年度：地域住民非専門職59%）講座参加者に対する継続的な支援も駄菓子屋の運営を開始したことで行えるようになった。

【総括】

ソーシャルキャピタルの醸成が健康増進に寄与する可能性が多数報告されているが，駄菓子屋運営を通しても信頼関係が構築されてから健康相談や講座への参加者が増える傾向があった。一次予防の効果を高めるにはゼロ次予防としての社会環境を整備することが重要であり，そのためには専門性を前面に出すのではなく，対象者がアクセスしやすい環境を創出することが重要である。理学療法士の専門性を地域社会の中で予防に役立てるためには，いかに対象者との繋がりを創出するのか工夫が必要であると考える。

【倫理的配慮，説明と同意】

本活動報告は個人情報が特定されないよう十分配慮し、堅牢なデータ保管の元に取り扱った。

抄録全体を表示

1971年5月駿河湾興津に漂着したミズウオの胃中からJoubiniteuthis portieri (JOUBIN, 1912)に同定されるイカが1個体発見された。同種について最近YOUNG・ROPER (1969)が極めて綿密な覆査を行ったので, 分類学的にこれに付け足すべき知見は殆ど無いが, 従来知られている8個体がすべて大西洋から記録されていて, この発見が9番目の記録であり, 同時に太平洋域から新記録であるので報告する。本種は1科1属1種で, その特徴は : (1) 外套膜後方に糸状に長く延長する"尾"部があること, (2) 漏斗軟骨器は単純な楕円状, 外套軟骨器は同じく単純な瘤状, (3) 腕が第IV腕を除いては細く長く基部から尖端に向って極めて微小な吸盤列が2列から4, 6列に変化すること, (4) 触腕が長くむち状で, 掌部が狭く長く8&acd;12列の吸盤が密に配列すること, などである。本標本は極めて微細な点でYOUNG・ROPERの記載と異るが個体変異の域を出ないと考えられ, 同種に同定して差し支えない。大西洋ではその垂直分布は330&acd;2, 500mと考えられているが, ミズウオの胃中に見られる他の生物やこれまでの食餌の研究結果からみて, 駿河湾ではこのイカは水深150m前後で捕食されたと考えられる。しかしながらこれは駿河湾に見られる湧昇流のため本来深海にすむものが比較的浅所に分布するためか, 捕食したミズウオが他の餌生物より深い所でこのイカを捕えたのかは明らかでない。

抄録全体を表示

Psychological () stress using the communication box produced a short-lasting antinociceptive effect which was less potent than that induced by physical stress such as footshock (FS) forced swimming (SW) in mice. Naloxone completely antagonized -stress induced analgesia (SIA) when the analgesia was measured by the tail pinch (TP) method; however, the antagonist did not reverse the effect in the tail flick (TF) assay. On the other hand, FS-SIA was antagonized by naloxone in both methods, while naloxone failed to reverse SW-SIA in either TF or TP assessment. Daily exposure to psychological stress developed tolerance to the analgesia. One-way cross-tolerance between -SIA morphine the naloxone antagonism of -SIA by the tail pinch method lead to the suggestion that an endogenous opioid system may be involved in the underlying mechanism for its production. On the contrary, from the findings of cross-tolerance between SW- or FS-SIA the lack of naloxone antagonism in the TF method, the involvement of a more complicated mechanism is suggested in -SIA. In both tests, U-50488H, a selective κ-agonist, produced profound analgesia; however, no appreciable antagonism of naloxone was found in the TF test, whereas the effect was completely blocked by naloxone in the TP test. From the similarity in naloxone antagonism of -stress U-50488H induced an algesia, the participation of a common mechanism which may be mediated by κ-opioid receptors, is suggested in the production of -SIA.

抄録全体を表示