Sugammadex (

), a neuromuscular blocking-reversal agent, quickly reverses neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium (RCR). dosage is set according to the state of neuromuscular blockade determined with a neuromuscular monitoring device. However, in clinical situations, such a devise is not frequently used. Here, we report construction of a method for theoretically setting dose by which the optimum reverse time (RT) can be obtained for individual patients even when the device is not available. The subjects were 42 adult female patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery from 1 August 2015 to 31 March 2016, during which RCR and were administered. We formulated an equation for theoretically calculating the RCR residual ratio (RR) in blood after administration. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between RR and RT. Based on the results obtained, we developed a method for predicting RT using RR. We excluded 1 subject as the RT value was detected as an outlier in our analysis. Multiple regression analysis was performed using standard body weight, serum creatinine, total bilirubin, and RR as explanatory variables. The number of subjects with a prediction error of RT within ±1 min was 36 (87.8%) of 41 in multiple regression analysis. We could predict RT following administration by using the RT prediction expression with RR obtained for subjects administered RCR during the surgery. Furthermore, our results suggest that the dose able to achieve optimum RT may be set prior to surgery on the basis of the present methodology.

抄録全体を表示

We investigated the source-to-drain capacitance (C_sd) due to DIBL effect of silicon nanowire (SNW) MOSFETs. Short-channel SNW devices operating at high drain voltages have the positive value of C_sd by DIBL effect. On the other hand, junctionless SNW MOSFETs without source/drain (S/D) PN junctions have negative or zero values by small DIBL effect. By considering the additional source-to-drain capacitance component, the accuracy of a small-signal model was significantly improved on the imaginary part of Y₂₂-parameter.

抄録全体を表示

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between the texture of worn surfaces of composite resins and the maximum wear depth. Three types of composite resins were investigated: a hybrid composite resin consisting of irregular-shaped inorganic filler particles (APX); a composite resin which contained small, irregular-shaped, inorganic filler particles and large organic composite filler particles (SRE); and another which contained spherical inorganic filler particles and large organic composite filler (). Surface profile measurement and elemental analysis were carried out on the worn surfaces of these three composite resins using an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). For the composite resin which exhibited the largest maximum wear depth, its surface texture was slightly rough with fine pores and grooves. For the composite resin with lowest maximum wear depth, it had a smooth worn surface due to the large organic composite filler being abraded during the combined wear test.

抄録全体を表示

A new type of cable supported bridge, the cable-stayed arch bridge, is proposed in this paper. This bridge is a combination of a steel cable-stayed bridge and an arch bridge using concrete-filled steel pipes as arch ribs. A cable-stayed arch bridge with a main-span of 300m was designed and its safety for breakage of structural members was checked by the performance based design method. Large deformation analysis was used to obtain sectional forces. The designed bridge satisfied the required safety condition. It was found by the ultimate strength analysis that the bridge collapsed when the arch ribs buckled in horizontal direction. Required steel amount of the cable-stayed arch bridge is significantly lower than that of the cable-stayed bridge.

抄録全体を表示

高齢者の不整地面における重心動揺を理解することは転倒問題を検討するときに重要である。本研究はピドスコープに平面、および不整地条件として凸面と凹面を設置し、閉眼片足立ち姿勢を取らせたときの重心動揺を足圧中心の変化から左右間と3面間の比較により不整地面での安定性を検討した。対象は6名、平均年齢62.50歳(±3.76、60〜70歳)、ボールを蹴る足は全員右足であったが開眼片足立ち時間の左右差はみられなかった。重心動揺の測定項目は動揺距離、前後方向と左右方向の各動揺距離、集中動揺面積、前後左右方向の最大動揺幅とその比、動揺の標準偏差値とその比である。平面の動揺距離は凹面と凸面により有意に小さかった。平面の集中動揺面積と最大動揺面幅は右が左より有意に大きかった。平面における右の集中動揺面積は凹面より大きい傾向にあった。結論として不整地面で重心動揺は影響を受けるが足底部が安定する凹面では動揺が制御される。

抄録全体を表示

Effects of abrasive and fiber components in a medium on the wear behavior of composite resins were evaluated. Calcium diphosphate and methyl cellulose were included in the medium as abrasive and fiber components respectively. A range of 0, 4, or 8% abrasive- or fiber-containing media were applied on a composite resin specimen during a simulated occlusal wear test. Four composite resins, Clearfil AP-X, Z100 Restorative, SOLARE P, and SOLIDEX F, were tested to evaluate the effects of these components in the medium.
Presence of abrasive material in the medium increased the wear of composite resins significantly, but its effect differed among the composite resins. Presence of fiber material in the medium significantly decreased the wear of two composite resins, whereas the other two composites showed no significant differences. Nonetheless, presence of fiber in the medium generally tended to prevent the wear of composite resins.

抄録全体を表示

A fundamental biological process X(t|θ) is characterized by the evidence that the among-person variability of a systemic parameter θ is small. We came across this view during the study of the individual variability of drug-induced sufferings. This enables us the linearization of a fundamental biological process, assuming that one of unknown parameters is independent of time t. Then we can derive two practicable fundamental formulas, which hold not only for the growth of stature, but also for the dentition of deciduous tooth and for the metabolism of alcohol. The first formula implies the existence of a fixed point on the process. When X is derivable with respect to t, we can introduce the notion of the proper time τ, in place of the chronological time t. Then the individualized velocity dX/dτ is independent of the individuality. The idea is slightly generalized to obtain the almost-one parameter hypothesis, which is applied to the growth curve in the childhood and to the two-compartment model of the drug metabolism.

抄録全体を表示

This paper develops certified defenses for deep neural network (DNN) based content-based image retrieval (CBIR) against adversarial examples (AXs). Previous works put their effort into certified defense for classification to improve certified robustness, which guarantees that no AX to cause misclassification exists around the sample. Such certified defense, however, could not be applied to CBIR directly because the goals of adversarial attack against classification and CBIR are completely different. To develop the certified defense for CBIR, we first define the new certified robustness of CBIR, which guarantees that no AX that changes the ranking results of CBIR exists around the input images. Then, we propose computationally tractable verification algorithms that verify whether a given feature extraction DNN satisfies the certified robustness of CBIR at given input images. Our proposed verification algorithms are achieved by evaluating the upper and lower bounds of distances between feature representations of perturbed and non-perturbed images in deterministic and probabilistic manners. Finally, we propose robust training methods to obtain feature extraction DNNs that increase the number of inputs that satisfy the certified robustness of CBIR by tightening the upper and lower bounds. We experimentally show that our proposed certified defenses can guarantee robustness deterministically and probabilistically on various datasets.

抄録全体を表示

初発脳血管障害例（n = 39，平均年齢61.1歳），健常者（n = 16，平均年齢63.0歳）の静的および随意的に左右に振幅させる動的な坐位平衡機能を重心動揺計を用いて評価し，下肢の支持による影響を検討した。脳血管障害例は坐位保持が獲得された時に，足底接地および非接地の2条件について静的および動的坐位能力を測定した。
健常者の静的坐位では足底を支持した方が有意に坐位バランスは良好であった。動的坐位では足底支持の有無による差は認められなかった。脳血管障害例では静的坐位も動的坐位でも足底支持の有無によって，重心動揺のパターンは異なっていた。脳血管障害例の中での坐位平衡機能測定における「成績良好」は必ずしも健常者と一致することではないと考えられ，また足底支持によりかえってバランスの悪くなる群の存在が示唆された。

抄録全体を表示

The present study sought to determine if the postural sway of a subject required to grasp a tray (motor task) holding a cup filled with water and prevent spilling (mental task), would be reduced by consciously redirecting attention to maintain the tray in a horizontal position. We hypothesized the mental task would increase the stabilization of standing postural balance. Postural sway was measured in 17 normal subjects under the following conditions: 1) holding a 100 g weight in each hand (total 200 g; no mental task), 2) holding with both hands a tray on which 200 g was placed (tray-holding task), and 3) holding with both hands a tray on which a cup filled with water weighing 200 g was placed in the center (mental task). Postural sway was significantly reduced during the mental task versus other tasks. Standing posture balance was stabilized when a mental task was added. Thus, we concluded that higher brain functions such as attention and consciousness exerted a significant influence over the control of standing posture.

抄録全体を表示

選択的注意をはじめとする認知過程が立位姿勢制御におよぼす効果を検証する目的から，健常者に対して，静止立位のみを維持する単一注意要求課題，および静止立位の維持（第1課題）と視覚・聴覚性提示による引き算（第2課題）を同時に遂行する同時二重注意要求課題を課し，各課題遂行中の立位姿勢動揺を解析した。同時二重注意要求課題遂行中における立位姿勢動揺は，単一注意要求課題のそれに比べて有意に減少し，同時二重注意要求課題の遂行が立位姿勢の安定化制御に対して促進性に作用することが認められた。こうした現象を背後で支えるメカニズムについて、選択的注意における資源依存型処理過程とデータ依存型処理過程の側面から論議した。

抄録全体を表示

The effects of occlusal cycles and brushing cycles on wear of composite resins were investigated using a combined wear test, which carried out occlusal and toothbrush wear tests alternately. Worn volume and maximum worn depth were measured to evaluate wear under four combinations of two different cycles (occlusal cycles: 50 and 150 cycles; brushing cycles: 20 and 50 cycles).
With composite resin APX, which consisted of relatively large and irregular-shaped filler particles, its worn volume and worn depth significantly increased with the number of occlusal cycles. With composite resin Z100, which consisted of relatively small and irregular-shaped filler particles, its wear values significantly increased with both brushing and occlusal cycles. With composite resin SRE, which consisted of small, irregular-shaped, inorganic filler particles and large organic filler particles, its worn volume significantly increased with the occlusal cycle when under a lower brushing cycle. With composite resin , which consisted of spherical inorganic filler particles and large organic filler particles, its wear was not influenced by increases in both brushing and occlusal cycles.

抄録全体を表示