近年，Mobility as a Service（MaaS）が注目されているが，公共交通のサービスレベルや交通行動は都市部と郊外部では大きく異なり，それらはMaaSの成立可否に大きく影響すると考えられる．そこで本研究では，都市部として京都市，郊外部として大津市と草津市を対象に，複数の交通手段を定額で利用できるMaaSプランを想定し，その利用意向に関するアンケート調査を実施した．その結果，都市部・郊外部では利用意図の構造に大きな差異はないものの，都市部の方がMaaSに対する利用意向が高く，都市環境（Built environment）が重要な役割を果たしていることが示唆された．

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among perceived service encounter quality, service value, patient satisfaction, and behavioral intention in physical therapy patients. [Subjects and Methods] This study surveyed 335 patients who received physical therapy treatment at five medical institutions in Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea. This study conducted path analysis on the collected data using Smart PLS 2.0 M3. [Results] The analysis of this study showed that service encounter quality had significantly positive relationship with service value, patient satisfaction, and behavioral intention. Service value had significantly positive relationship with patient satisfaction and behavioral intention. Patient satisfaction had significantly positive relationship with behavioral intention. [Conclusion] Improving the perceived quality of service encounters for physical therapy patients increases service value and patient satisfaction, and positively influences behavioral intention.

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The March 11, 2011, Great East Japan Earthquake seriously damaged industries in affected areas. Since then, the need to enhance corporate disaster resilience has risen to the top of management agendas. Business continuity plans (BCPs) are a high-priority task in establishing a company’s capabilities of quickly resuming key businesses within a preplanned time. Surveys indicate, however, that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are behind in attaining disaster preparedness. We surveyed 100 motivated SMEs that took part in BCP implementation workshops. This review found two different stages – the first for implementing BCPs and the second for embedding BCPs. This survey indicated that 97% of SMEs taking part had implemented BCPs but only 40% had actually embedded them, and 30% had not embedded them. BCPs were implemented at a president’s instruction, but BCP embedding actually required additional factors related to employees and the company’s organizational environment. This review also found that the benefits of BCPs were becoming increasingly clear among companies that had implemented BCPs. It should be noted that BCP advantages are perceived in boarder fields of normal business operations by the surveyed companies that embedded BCP than companies that are not successful in embedding. This indicates those BCP should be implemented and embedded in the way that such normal business operation advantages would be perceived by companies and their members.

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In Oct. 2013, one hundred small and medium enterprises (SMEs) were surveyed regarding their business continuity. 70% of the SMEs surveyed had implemented BCP. Our previous paper, “Organizational Promoting Factors for SME BCP,” reviewed the survey results using correlation and path analysis. The review found directives from the president to be the most influential factor of BCP implementation and that there were two different levels of BCP implementation and BCP embedding. Over 60% of the companies that had implemented BCP had had difficulties embedding BCP. Our previous paper identified the BCP environment and its four key component factors, including organizational BCP momentum and company-wide information sharing that would affect BCP embedding, among others. It also identified four key BCP advantages related to normal operations, including enhancing marketing advantage and building employee togetherness, which had a causal relationship with successful cases of BCP embedding. This paper reviews our previous survey results in detail to find key factors separately in tasks and problems as well as in corporate culture groups. It also re-identifies four factors in the tasks and problems group as well as three factors in the corporate culture group. This paper also analyzes the relationships among the perceived BCP advantages to determine if some of them affect the remaining advantages. It finds that organizational strategic risk/BCP mind and employees’ risk mind bring about other BCP advantages, which could be interpreted to mean that two minds, one top-down and one bottom-up, are critical in the BCP embedding stage.

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In recent years, leisure, including sports and physical activity, has been shown to have positive effects on life satisfaction. However, enough empirical evidence regarding long-distance running has not yet been provided. Additionally, running event participants’ attitudes regarding life satisfaction with life-long sports needs to be understood. Community sports events are expected not only to have economic impacts but also to promote sports. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sports event satisfaction and life satisfaction through life domain satisfaction. In particular, this research focused on long-distance runners. I collected 377 data out of the participants in the event, and valid responses were received from 340 respondents. The sample consisted of 223 males (66%) and 117 females (34%), most of whom came from the host prefecture (n = 284, 84%). The results indicated that there is a significant indirect effect of event satisfaction on life satisfaction through life domain satisfaction partially. However, life satisfaction did not affect life satisfaction directly. This study contributes to understanding the relationship between event satisfaction and life satisfaction. Future research should examine the involvement and daily sports and physical activity levels of event participants to develop individualized strategies for runners.

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With the outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019, online tours became more popular in the tourism industry. Online tours not only provide an alternative to actual trips but also have the potential to promote an intention to visit tourist destinations and increase the intention to purchase local products. To generate these positive outcomes, clarifying the structure of consumers’ evaluations of online tours is important. Therefore, this study aims to present and validate an evaluation model of online tours from the consumers’ perspective. We developed a research model based on previous studies in the services marketing literature. The research model was validated using online survey data sent to consumers who have experienced online tours. The results of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) demonstrate that the hypotheses of the research model are supported. Specifically, the results indicate that the service quality of online tours positively affects satisfaction and marketing outcomes.

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Cloud computing changes traditional face-to-face teaching and the manners of using computer and Internet. The target of the research is to propose a model to explore the demographic variables and four affecting factors (Technology acceptance model, Learning psychological process, Simulated situation learning and Learning theories) to explain the learning effectiveness in distance education context. This study proposes that four affecting factors formed learning effectiveness in an online environment. This study also investigates that the demographic variables impact four affecting factors. Data collected from 142 of design students of a university selecting Internet-based courses provide strong support for the research model. Finally, our research offers several comments and suggestions regarding the implications of the research, including limitations and future direction.

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Despite the various benefits of sustainable agricultural practices, sustainable rice cultivation in the Mekong Delta still faces significant barriers, and its total area is still limited. The government has been making efforts to promote national programs such as “Three Reductions, Three Gains,” “One Must Do Five Reductions,” and the Vietnam Sustainable Agriculture Transformation Project (VnSAT) to improve farm income, farmer health, and the environment. Nevertheless, rice farmers’ decisions to implement sustainable agricultural practices depend significantly on their awareness and intention. This study aims to understand what influences rice farmers’ intentions and their behavior toward sustainable rice farming in the Mekong Delta, especially in Long An Province. Data were obtained through face-to-face interviews with 163 rice farmers in two districts of Long An Province. Structural equation modeling was applied to explore the relationship among constructs built on the Theory of Planned Behavior. The estimated structural equation model demonstrates substantial effects of knowledge on attitude, of knowledge on intention, of subjective norms on intention, and of intention on behavior toward sustainable agriculture. The knowledge-intention-behavior path has a favorable, fully mediating impact. Knowledge was the most significant variable in forming attitude and intention, while subjective norms also played a crucial role in intention. On the other hand, the findings indicate that the direct influence of subjective norms on farmers’ behavior is weaker for farming rice in sustainable ways than for coping with climate change or extreme weather events. Policy initiatives must be implemented to provide more educational programs, such as vocational training, demonstrating model fields to farmers, and pooling land for large-scale production to enable the effective application of technology in agriculture.

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Since its inception, partial least squares path modeling has suffered from the absence of a single optimization criterion for estimating component weights. A new estimation procedure is proposed to address this enduring issue. The proposed procedure aims to minimize a single least squares criterion for estimating component weights under both Mode A and Mode B. An alternating least squares algorithm is developed to minimize the criterion. This procedure provides quite similar or identical solutions to those obtained from existing Lohmöller's algorithm in real and simulated data analyses. The proposed procedure can serve as an alternative to the existing one in that it is well-grounded in theory as well as performs comparably in practice.

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本研究は、仮想チームにおける信頼構築に関する分析を目的とする。あるクラウドソーシングサイトを通じて、HPデザインのためのエディタ、デザイナ、コーダーを募集、3名をチームとして編成し、合計14チームにHPを作成させた。チーム内のコミュニケーション・情報共有はテキストベースのグループウェアのみとし、約半分のチームには、さらに相手の状況を画像や短いテキストで様子見ることができるツールを併用させた。全ての作業終了後に信頼に関するアンケートを実施した。グループウエアのログと様子見ツールおよびアンケートから、仮想チームにおける信頼構築に関する分析結果を報告する。

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Impacts of fuzzy front end (FFE) activities on the new product development (NPD) process were analysed in Japanese manufacturing firms employing data from a comparative study which was collected in 2003 (that refers to the late 1980s) and 2014 (that refers to the late 2000s). Based on previous research a conceptual model was developed. The framework model of NPD process consists of three phases – project success phase (effectiveness and efficiency), project execution phase (deviations from specifications and project revision), FFE phase (reduction of market uncertainty, reduction of technical uncertainty and intensity of initial planning) and contextual factors (degree of marketing newness, degree of technical newness and degree of organizational newness). Data consisting of 540 NPD projects collected in 2003 and data consisting of 160 NPD projects collected in 2014 from Japanese manufacturing firms were analysed using the Structural Equation Modeling technique. Results suggest that Japanese firms tended to employ FFE activities in 2000s as they had in the 1980s. Moreover, we found that, reduction of market uncertainty and initial planning activities were key success factors in both periods. However, the effect of FFE activities on project success decreased in the 2000s compared to the 1980s. Moreover, in the 1980s Japanese manufacturing firms tended to allow for more flexibility in initial plans, in the project execution phase than they did in the 2000s.Japanese manufacturing firms were analysed using the Structural Equation Modeling technique. Results suggest that Japanese firms tended to employ FFE activities in 2000s as they had in the 1980s. Moreover, we found that, reduction of market uncertainty and initial planning activities were key success factors in both periods. However, the effect of FFE activities on project success decreased in the 2000s compared to the 1980s. Moreover, in the 1980s Japanese manufacturing firms tended to allow for more flexibility in initial plans, in the project execution phase than they did in the 2000s.

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Urban morphology studies define how settlements are formed to support human activities. Population, urban activity, and land use can influence transportation choices, such as decreased public transit availability in high-density locations due to increased expenses. The research gap between urban morphology and transport preferences leading to issues in Indian cities is yet to be addressed in depth. Currently, the focus lies in providing improved public transportation services and limited attention is being paid towards analyzing existing urban forms and their influence on changing travel behaviours. Therefore, through a primary survey, this study attempts to link this gap in an eco-sensitive region of South 24 Parganas utilizing Structural Equation Model to regenerate the relationship in two pilot study areas of the region. The findings of this study suggest that urban morphology influences people's transportation preferences far more than demographic and socioeconomic factors due to the closeness of various activities and infrastructures.

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In this era of total quality assurance, every organization should make efforts to give as much good service as possible. Indian Railway (IR) is one of the most used public transport in India and services provided at the railway platforms are as important as services provided inside the vehicle. This study only focuses on the service quality of services provided at platform no. 1 of Tiruchirappalli Junction, the second-largest junction in Tamil Nadu. Three hundred samples have been collected through a web-based survey and on-board data collection. The users' satisfaction towards various services is measured using 22 different indicators of 5 constructs and the importance of those services. An Importance-Satisfaction (IS) analysis was carried out to identify services/factors that require improvement on a priority basis. A structural equation model was developed to identify the relationship between various variables and the service quality.

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Sustainable tourism has significantly contributed to the transformation of Malaysia’s island tourism landscape. The focus on environmental sustainability has emerged as a substantial concern, driven by its role in improving and enhancing tourist experiences and foster green tourism. Small islands are especially susceptible to environmental challenges due to their inherent vulnerability and limited resources in contrast to mainland areas. Nevertheless, numerous tourists are drawn to these remote and environmentally fragile havens. Hence, the primary goal of this study is to evaluate tourist’s behaviour and their level of acceptance towards environmentally sustainable tourism. The research involves a quantitative approach, encompassing a sample size of 398 tourists from four islands: Redang, Perhentian, Tioman, and Tinggi. The findings have culminated in the development of an environmental sustainability model, meticulously examined through the advanced PLS-SEM analysis technique. This study has successfully identified numerous factors that influence tourists to adopt eco-friendly behaviours include awareness, knowledge, and facility. This comprehensive study has effectively discerned a multitude of critical factors contributing to the promotion of environmentally sustainable tourism, with a particular focus on eco-friendly tourists. These influencing elements drive tourists towards the adoption of eco-friendly behaviours, encompassing heightened awareness, extensive knowledge, and accessible eco-friendly facilities. The insights garnered from this research shed light on the intricate interplay of these factors in fostering a sustainable and eco-conscious approach to tourism. It seamlessly aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), reinforcing its commitment to fostering responsible and sustainable tourism practices. This study contributes to the global agenda by promoting environmentally conscious eco-friendly tourists. The results of this study will yield substantial benefits for tourists and organisations directly or indirectly involved in the tourism sectors.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated an examination of the interplay between government policies and initiatives, public perceptions, and social capital in Beppu City. Using a mixed-methods approach, encompassing a systematic literature review and a comprehensive analysis of survey data, this study investigated the relationships among these variables in Beppu City. Data from 223 participants were analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique implemented in

. Findings reveal significant correlations between government policies, social capital, and public perception, highlighting the importance of proactive policy design and community engagement. The study proposes a Social-Ecological Model for Pandemic Management (SEMPM), illustrating how government policies shape public perception and social capital, which in turn influence the effectiveness of pandemic response initiatives. The SEMPM provides a roadmap for future crisis management, emphasizing adaptive strategies, effective communication, and cross-sector collaboration to build resilience and enhance community response to crises.

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Empirical studies on agro-industrial complexes are few. Facing the issue of their sustainability, the vitality of the complex is analyzed in South Korean settings through structural equation modeling of the survey data of 600 companies. Unlike the existing literature on regional economics, the survey evaluates objective characteristics at the local, complex, and company levels while incorporating psychometrics, subjective qualities of the local environment, the complex itself, infrastructure, networking, and supportive policy. Among the objective characteristics, significant variables in the employment and sales models turn out to be consistent and mainly at the company level. Among the subjective variables, employment size and sales are associated with the qualities of infrastructure and supportive policy. Specifically, potential employees will be attracted by accessible transportation systems to neighboring major cities rather than convenience facilities within the complex. Sales may be improved by providing direct support for the marketing of each company compared to indirect support regarding agro-industrial complexes, infrastructure, and networking.

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Since wearable devices are attached to the body, the sense of fitness can be an important element. In this study,therefore, the affective quality of ear-related product was examined to quantify the structure of the process of affective quality. First, vocabularies related to the sense of fitness(the sensation when a person wears ear-related products) were collected and selected for the evaluation of affective quality of ear-related products. Second, factor analysis was conducted for these vocabularies. As a result, the hook part has four major affective vocabularies and the earplug part has three major affective vocabularies. Third, a causal relationship between the sense of fitness and affective quality variables was identified using structural equation modeling. The result showed that the design element that has the greatest impact on the fitness of the ear-related product is the earplug. Above all, a sense of comfort showed a significant impact on overall satisfaction. Through this study, we identify not only the main factors that affect the satisfaction from the sense of fitness but also product design elements that affect the sense of fitness were also identified.

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本稿は，価値ベース販売という概念に注目し，製造業のサービス販売における，価値ベース販売とサービス品質，関係的価値，行動意図の関係性を検証していくことを目的とする。本稿の発見事項は，価値ベース販売はサービス品質を介して関係的価値へ間接的に，関係的価値は行動意図へ直接的に影響することである。本稿は，製造業のサービス販売において価値ベース販売が有効であることを主張している。

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