近年，Mobility as a Service（MaaS）が注目されているが，公共交通のサービスレベルや交通行動は都市部と郊外部では大きく異なり，それらはMaaSの成立可否に大きく影響すると考えられる．そこで本研究では，都市部として京都市，郊外部として大津市と草津市を対象に，複数の交通手段を定額で利用できるMaaSプランを想定し，その利用意向に関するアンケート調査を実施した．その結果，都市部・郊外部では利用意図の構造に大きな差異はないものの，都市部の方がMaaSに対する利用意向が高く，都市環境（Built environment）が重要な役割を果たしていることが示唆された．

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among perceived service encounter quality, service value, patient satisfaction, and behavioral intention in physical therapy patients. [Subjects and Methods] This study surveyed 335 patients who received physical therapy treatment at five medical institutions in Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea. This study conducted path analysis on the collected data using Smart PLS 2.0 M3. [Results] The analysis of this study showed that service encounter quality had significantly positive relationship with service value, patient satisfaction, and behavioral intention. Service value had significantly positive relationship with patient satisfaction and behavioral intention. Patient satisfaction had significantly positive relationship with behavioral intention. [Conclusion] Improving the perceived quality of service encounters for physical therapy patients increases service value and patient satisfaction, and positively influences behavioral intention.

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The March 11, 2011, Great East Japan Earthquake seriously damaged industries in affected areas. Since then, the need to enhance corporate disaster resilience has risen to the top of management agendas. Business continuity plans (BCPs) are a high-priority task in establishing a company’s capabilities of quickly resuming key businesses within a preplanned time. Surveys indicate, however, that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are behind in attaining disaster preparedness. We surveyed 100 motivated SMEs that took part in BCP implementation workshops. This review found two different stages – the first for implementing BCPs and the second for embedding BCPs. This survey indicated that 97% of SMEs taking part had implemented BCPs but only 40% had actually embedded them, and 30% had not embedded them. BCPs were implemented at a president’s instruction, but BCP embedding actually required additional factors related to employees and the company’s organizational environment. This review also found that the benefits of BCPs were becoming increasingly clear among companies that had implemented BCPs. It should be noted that BCP advantages are perceived in boarder fields of normal business operations by the surveyed companies that embedded BCP than companies that are not successful in embedding. This indicates those BCP should be implemented and embedded in the way that such normal business operation advantages would be perceived by companies and their members.

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In Oct. 2013, one hundred small and medium enterprises (SMEs) were surveyed regarding their business continuity. 70% of the SMEs surveyed had implemented BCP. Our previous paper, “Organizational Promoting Factors for SME BCP,” reviewed the survey results using correlation and path analysis. The review found directives from the president to be the most influential factor of BCP implementation and that there were two different levels of BCP implementation and BCP embedding. Over 60% of the companies that had implemented BCP had had difficulties embedding BCP. Our previous paper identified the BCP environment and its four key component factors, including organizational BCP momentum and company-wide information sharing that would affect BCP embedding, among others. It also identified four key BCP advantages related to normal operations, including enhancing marketing advantage and building employee togetherness, which had a causal relationship with successful cases of BCP embedding. This paper reviews our previous survey results in detail to find key factors separately in tasks and problems as well as in corporate culture groups. It also re-identifies four factors in the tasks and problems group as well as three factors in the corporate culture group. This paper also analyzes the relationships among the perceived BCP advantages to determine if some of them affect the remaining advantages. It finds that organizational strategic risk/BCP mind and employees’ risk mind bring about other BCP advantages, which could be interpreted to mean that two minds, one top-down and one bottom-up, are critical in the BCP embedding stage.

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In recent years, leisure, including sports and physical activity, has been shown to have positive effects on life satisfaction. However, enough empirical evidence regarding long-distance running has not yet been provided. Additionally, running event participants’ attitudes regarding life satisfaction with life-long sports needs to be understood. Community sports events are expected not only to have economic impacts but also to promote sports. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sports event satisfaction and life satisfaction through life domain satisfaction. In particular, this research focused on long-distance runners. I collected 377 data out of the participants in the event, and valid responses were received from 340 respondents. The sample consisted of 223 males (66%) and 117 females (34%), most of whom came from the host prefecture (n = 284, 84%). The results indicated that there is a significant indirect effect of event satisfaction on life satisfaction through life domain satisfaction partially. However, life satisfaction did not affect life satisfaction directly. This study contributes to understanding the relationship between event satisfaction and life satisfaction. Future research should examine the involvement and daily sports and physical activity levels of event participants to develop individualized strategies for runners.

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Cloud computing changes traditional face-to-face teaching and the manners of using computer and Internet. The target of the research is to propose a model to explore the demographic variables and four affecting factors (Technology acceptance model, Learning psychological process, Simulated situation learning and Learning theories) to explain the learning effectiveness in distance education context. This study proposes that four affecting factors formed learning effectiveness in an online environment. This study also investigates that the demographic variables impact four affecting factors. Data collected from 142 of design students of a university selecting Internet-based courses provide strong support for the research model. Finally, our research offers several comments and suggestions regarding the implications of the research, including limitations and future direction.

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本研究は、仮想チームにおける信頼構築に関する分析を目的とする。あるクラウドソーシングサイトを通じて、HPデザインのためのエディタ、デザイナ、コーダーを募集、3名をチームとして編成し、合計14チームにHPを作成させた。チーム内のコミュニケーション・情報共有はテキストベースのグループウェアのみとし、約半分のチームには、さらに相手の状況を画像や短いテキストで様子見ることができるツールを併用させた。全ての作業終了後に信頼に関するアンケートを実施した。グループウエアのログと様子見ツールおよびアンケートから、仮想チームにおける信頼構築に関する分析結果を報告する。

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Since its inception, partial least squares path modeling has suffered from the absence of a single optimization criterion for estimating component weights. A new estimation procedure is proposed to address this enduring issue. The proposed procedure aims to minimize a single least squares criterion for estimating component weights under both Mode A and Mode B. An alternating least squares algorithm is developed to minimize the criterion. This procedure provides quite similar or identical solutions to those obtained from existing Lohmöller's algorithm in real and simulated data analyses. The proposed procedure can serve as an alternative to the existing one in that it is well-grounded in theory as well as performs comparably in practice.

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Impacts of fuzzy front end (FFE) activities on the new product development (NPD) process were analysed in Japanese manufacturing firms employing data from a comparative study which was collected in 2003 (that refers to the late 1980s) and 2014 (that refers to the late 2000s). Based on previous research a conceptual model was developed. The framework model of NPD process consists of three phases – project success phase (effectiveness and efficiency), project execution phase (deviations from specifications and project revision), FFE phase (reduction of market uncertainty, reduction of technical uncertainty and intensity of initial planning) and contextual factors (degree of marketing newness, degree of technical newness and degree of organizational newness). Data consisting of 540 NPD projects collected in 2003 and data consisting of 160 NPD projects collected in 2014 from Japanese manufacturing firms were analysed using the Structural Equation Modeling technique. Results suggest that Japanese firms tended to employ FFE activities in 2000s as they had in the 1980s. Moreover, we found that, reduction of market uncertainty and initial planning activities were key success factors in both periods. However, the effect of FFE activities on project success decreased in the 2000s compared to the 1980s. Moreover, in the 1980s Japanese manufacturing firms tended to allow for more flexibility in initial plans, in the project execution phase than they did in the 2000s.Japanese manufacturing firms were analysed using the Structural Equation Modeling technique. Results suggest that Japanese firms tended to employ FFE activities in 2000s as they had in the 1980s. Moreover, we found that, reduction of market uncertainty and initial planning activities were key success factors in both periods. However, the effect of FFE activities on project success decreased in the 2000s compared to the 1980s. Moreover, in the 1980s Japanese manufacturing firms tended to allow for more flexibility in initial plans, in the project execution phase than they did in the 2000s.

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In this era of total quality assurance, every organization should make efforts to give as much good service as possible. Indian Railway (IR) is one of the most used public transport in India and services provided at the railway platforms are as important as services provided inside the vehicle. This study only focuses on the service quality of services provided at platform no. 1 of Tiruchirappalli Junction, the second-largest junction in Tamil Nadu. Three hundred samples have been collected through a web-based survey and on-board data collection. The users' satisfaction towards various services is measured using 22 different indicators of 5 constructs and the importance of those services. An Importance-Satisfaction (IS) analysis was carried out to identify services/factors that require improvement on a priority basis. A structural equation model was developed to identify the relationship between various variables and the service quality.

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Since wearable devices are attached to the body, the sense of fitness can be an important element. In this study,therefore, the affective quality of ear-related product was examined to quantify the structure of the process of affective quality. First, vocabularies related to the sense of fitness(the sensation when a person wears ear-related products) were collected and selected for the evaluation of affective quality of ear-related products. Second, factor analysis was conducted for these vocabularies. As a result, the hook part has four major affective vocabularies and the earplug part has three major affective vocabularies. Third, a causal relationship between the sense of fitness and affective quality variables was identified using structural equation modeling. The result showed that the design element that has the greatest impact on the fitness of the ear-related product is the earplug. Above all, a sense of comfort showed a significant impact on overall satisfaction. Through this study, we identify not only the main factors that affect the satisfaction from the sense of fitness but also product design elements that affect the sense of fitness were also identified.

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Empirical studies on agro-industrial complexes are few. Facing the issue of their sustainability, the vitality of the complex is analyzed in South Korean settings through structural equation modeling of the survey data of 600 companies. Unlike the existing literature on regional economics, the survey evaluates objective characteristics at the local, complex, and company levels while incorporating psychometrics, subjective qualities of the local environment, the complex itself, infrastructure, networking, and supportive policy. Among the objective characteristics, significant variables in the employment and sales models turn out to be consistent and mainly at the company level. Among the subjective variables, employment size and sales are associated with the qualities of infrastructure and supportive policy. Specifically, potential employees will be attracted by accessible transportation systems to neighboring major cities rather than convenience facilities within the complex. Sales may be improved by providing direct support for the marketing of each company compared to indirect support regarding agro-industrial complexes, infrastructure, and networking.

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本稿は，価値ベース販売という概念に注目し，製造業のサービス販売における，価値ベース販売とサービス品質，関係的価値，行動意図の関係性を検証していくことを目的とする。本稿の発見事項は，価値ベース販売はサービス品質を介して関係的価値へ間接的に，関係的価値は行動意図へ直接的に影響することである。本稿は，製造業のサービス販売において価値ベース販売が有効であることを主張している。

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Traditionally BCP consists of two main aspects, being Business Impact Analysis (BIA) and Risk Assessment (RA) [3, 8]. However, this approach doesn’t seem to be sufficiently addressing the complex and elaborate nature of supply chain network in the automobile industry. To address this insufficiency, we replace RA with Risk Ranking (RR) and introduce a new term Supply Chain Cooperation (SCC) to our BCP. A quantitative study was carried on 75 automobile parts markers in disaster prone regions (Asia and North America) and the results were analyzed by adopting this modified BCP concept and using Smart PLS 2.0 as our statistical analysis tool. We realized that SCC has a positive total significant effect on manmade risk rankings, natural risk ranking and BCM. Though risk ranking affects BCM, recovery time and competitive advantages positively, the relationships were not significant. In this study, we realized that BIA is the single most important part of BCP as it had the strongest positive total effects on other BCP factors (SCC, manmade risk ranking and natural risk ranking), BCM and evaluation factors (competitive advantages and recovery time).

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個人の社会参加や地域内互助などを目的とするスキルシェアサービスが注目されている。一方で本サービスの普及は未だ限定的であり、その拡充には、同サービスを利用する顧客像の把握と設計への反映が必要である。しかし、スキルシェアサービスの顧客分析に係る議論は現状十分でなく、実践方法も効果的でない。本研究は、スキルシェアサービス設計支援を目的とし、顧客の利用動機と障壁の調査を中核とする顧客分析手法を提案する。

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Research on happiness determinants began in the 1970s in such fields as psychology and economics. While they tended to focus on individual variables, they have recently expanded to the built environment. Regarding the built environment, transportation systems—as opposed to land use—were mostly studied in relation to the transient happiness of satisfaction from one trip rather than overall happiness based on life satisfaction. By controlling for well-researched happiness determinants (i.e., the individual’s psychological and economic variables), this study sought to explore how the built environment, especially transportation system variables, affect overall happiness. To this aim, we used a partial least squares regression model with a total of 61 research variables and tested it using data from a 2018 Seoul survey (n = 5,515 household heads). Through using the 2018 data, we could evaluate the environment for cyclists and pedestrians, and taxi, subway, and bus users. Based on the analytical results, this study concludes that to promote happiness, the government would do well to implement marketing/branding strategies to heighten the identity of, and attachment for, the city (i.e., to increase the pride its citizens feel in calling it their home), and to improve transportation infrastructure for better mobility and accessibility (of motorized—rather than nonmotorized—transportation, particularly taxis and buses). Between nonmotorized transport methods, the pedestrian environment is more important in urban centers than in residential neighborhoods, and the cycling environment is largely considered less significant. These overall happiness-related findings on transportation systems stand in contrast to those from studies on transient happiness from a single trip.

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This study clarified the impact of subsidy from the Japanese government to revitalize the tourism industry, which has been negatively affected by COVID-19. Unlike previous studies, this analysis was performed on an accommodation basis rather than on a regional basis. We quantified the reservation status of each accommodation in Japan using the number of reservationable plans at the Online Travel Agency, finding that the number of reservations for many accommodations in 2020 decreased significantly from the previous year due to the influence of COVID-19. On the other hand, the number of accommodations with decreased numbers of reservations was limited during the period when all travels were covered by the subsidy. Moreover, binomial logistic regression analysis with reduced reservations as the dependent variable showed that consumers tended to select higher-priced accommodations during the COVID-19 pandemic with or without subsidy. In addition, it was suggested that during the period covered by the subsidy, consumers select accommodations to maximize both the discount amount and the discount rate.

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