To elucidate the defensive functions of the -package of the green lacewing Mallada desjardinsi larva against the ladybird Harmonia axyridis, the contact frequency, attack rate, and capture rate of ladybirds were compared between the ‘with ’ or ‘naked’ treatments of the green lacewing. The contact frequency until the ladybird captured the green lacewing was significantly more in the ‘with ’ treatment (median: four times) than in the ‘naked’ treatment (median: one time), which indicates that the -package of the green lacewing offers protection from predation by ladybirds. The attack rate of the ladybirds on the ‘with ’ green lacewing larvae (55%) was significantly lower than that on the ‘naked’ ones (90%). After the ladybirds first attacked, their capture rate of the ‘with ’ green lacewing larvae (18%) was significantly lower than that of the ‘naked’ ones (83%). Thus, the -package of the green lacewing affords prevention against recognition (primary defense) and subjugation (secondary defense) from the ladybird.

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The illegal dumping of aluminum and plastic into cities and marine areas leads to negative impacts on the ecosystem and contributes to increased environmental pollution. Although volunteer

pickup activities have increased in recent years, they require significant effort, time, and money. Therefore, we propose automated pickup robot, which incorporates autonomous movement and pickup arms. Although these functions have been actively developed, relatively little research has focused on detection. As such, we have developed a detection function by using deep learning models to improve the accuracy. First, we created a new dataset that classifies four types of with high illegal dumping volumes (cans, plastic bottles, cardboard, and cigarette butts). Next, we developed a new you only look once (YOLO)-based model with low parameters and computations. We trained the model on a created dataset and a dataset consisting of marine created during previous research. In consequence, the proposed models achieve the same detection accuracy as the existing models on both datasets, with fewer parameters and computations. Furthermore, the proposed models accelerate the edge device’s frame rate.

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Samples of fish were collected monthly from trawlers at Kangkar Fish Market in Singapore for 1974-1975. The amount of fish was 1, 574.1 ton in 1974 and 1, 155.5 ton in 1975, which constituted 35.2% and 28.8% of total Inadings, respectively.
The specimens were classified into species level or at least to the genus; 100 species representing 51 families were identified. The major components of fish were Mullidae, Sciaendidae, Nemipteridae, Synodontidae, Gerridae, Leiognathidae and Parapercidae, together comprising about 80% in weight of the total fish sampled. The composition of the fish can be divided into three categories, juveniles of commercially important species (31.7%) of the total fish in weight, low-valued species (47.6%) and species unaccepted for human consumption (21.6%).
On the size analysis of important species which form the main resources for commercial trawl fisheries, it was found that the fishes were too small to exploit from the viewpoint of the optimum size at which the population attains its maximum weight. Capture of the juveniles seems to be due mainly to the small mesh net of cod-end commonly used in the region.

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Robots that learn to perform actions using reinforcement learning to should be able to learn not only static environments, but also environmental changes. Heterogeneous multi-agent reinforcement learning (HMARL) was developed to perform an efficient search, with multiple agents mounted on a single robot to achieve tasks quickly. Responding to environmental changes using normal reinforcement learning can be challenging. However, HMARL does not consider the use of multiple agents to address environmental changes. In this study, we filtered the agents in HMARL using information entropy to realize a robot capable of maintaining high task achievement rates in response to environmental changes.

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トマト栽培でのマルチングの効果を見るために, 石油誘導体「Encap」の地表面撒布 (撒布面積の程度を3段階に分ける), 黒色ポリエチレンフィルムならびにサトウキビの葉および葉鞘で地表面被覆処理を行ない, 対照区を含めて合計6処理4反覆区の乱塊法によってトマトの生育ならびに収量を調査した。
その結果 Encap ならびに黒色ポリエチレンフィルム区では, (1) 地上部の生長がおう盛で根も水平によく分布し; (2) 開花も早く, 着果良好で; (3) 収量も多かった。これはマルチングによって土壌水分がよく保持•利用され, また土壌温度その他の条件が生育に好結果を及ぼすためである。マルチング区はトマト生育期間中のかん水回数も少なくてすみ, 乾燥地域においては特にその効果が大であると思われる。

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The outdoor service robot which we call OSR-01 is developed intending for cleaning up urban areas by means of collecting discarded such as PET bottles, cans, plastic bags and so on. We, in this paper, describe the architecture of OSR-01 consisting of hardwares such as sensors, a manipulator, driving wheels, etc. for searching for and picking up , and softwares such as fast pattern matching for identifying various and distance measurement for picking up via the manipulator. After describing the vision system in detail, which is one of the most critical parts of the collection task, we show the result of an open experiment in which OSR-01 collects PET bottles on a real shopping street in the special zone for robot research and development in Kitakyushu-city.

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We are studying human-dependent robots that can organize valuable behaviors in cooperating with human. Sociable

Box is one of the human-dependent robots that could not collect the by itself, but is capable of collecting it by getting human assistance. To do so, it has to convey its intention to collect the by displaying it in various ways such as an attractive motion and bowing. In this study, our focus was to explore how robot's behaviors were capable to convey its intention and a kind of weakness that could not pick up itself. Using 9 kinds of videos of robot's behaviors to obtain the subjective ratings through the interface of LimeSurvey, we conducting factor analysis and subjective evaluation to investigate what were the most powerful cues for the robot, and we discussed a kind of weakness of robot.

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Ambient calculus is a process algebra developed for describing mobile processes. Ambients represent the substances of movement and the fields of the ambients themselves. Having this hierarchy, it can model various kinds of mobile computation. Equational relation for ambient calculus “Contextual Equivalence” were proposed regarding the names of ambients observed from the environment. This relation is, however, not strong as “testing equivalence” so that it can identify the processes which have different properties. This paper proposes equational relations for ambient calculus by which we can distinguish processes that the existing equivalence identifies.

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Ambient calculus is a process algebra developed for describing mobile processes. Ambients represent the substances of movement and the fields of the ambients themselves. Having this hierarchy, it can model various kinds of mobile computation. Equational relation for ambient calculus “Contextual Equivalence” were proposed regarding the names of ambients observed from the environment. This relation is, however, not strong as “testing equivalence” so that it can identify the processes which have different properties. This paper proposes equational relations for ambient calculus by which we can distinguish processes that the existing equivalence identifies.

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To identify feed alternative in the fattening of mud crab (Scylla serrata Forskal), three diets were tested using a modified cellular cages. Mixed sex crabs were fed with

fish, golden apple snail and combination of fish and golden apple snail at 10% body weight. Growth, survival, moulting and picked meat yield and quality were evaluated. Specific growth rate and survival were highest in crabs fed with golden apple snail and combination. Moulting was significantly affected by diet types. There was no significant difference in the yield of picked meat and overall acceptability scores. Golden apple snail could be a potential dietary substitute for fish.

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生活者のゴミ処理行動の負担は、年々、増加していると考えられる。そこで、ニードファインディングとユーザーオブザベーション手法を用いて、生活者の家庭内におけるゴミ処理の実態や生活上の事象を問題点を含めて観察した。関東地区の8件を対象に家庭訪問を行い、ゴミ処理に関して生活者がどのように関わっているか観察し、そこから浮かびあがった生活者のゴミ処理に対する行為から「Key Issue」を導き出した。その結果、10項目がKey Issueとして導き出され、これをもとに、ゴミ処理に関して解決策や新たなカルチャーの方向を導き出すことが可能となる。

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An optimization type energy model named ROSE (Refuse Option for Supplying Energy) was used to evaluate the energy use technologies of combustible waste in the city. A refuse energy system was proposed and examined from the perspective of system cost and CO₂ emission on electricity and heat supply to the 23 wards in Tokyo. Without increasing the system cost. CO₂ emission can be reduced by refuse energy systems ( power generation. RDF generation, RDF cogeneration). RDF generation and RDF cogeneration were introduced by assigning constraints to the amount of CO₂ emission.

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Singapore is one of the most developed countries in Southeast Asia. Over the past three decades, the solid waste disposed of in Singapore has increased 6-fold. It is not sustainable to go on building more waste disposal facilities to meet increasing amounts of waste. Moreover, building and operating new disposal facilities is very costly and could only lead to a higher refuse disposal fee. The sustainable waste management solution is to minimize waste and maximize recycling. Therefore, Singapore has adopted a waste minimization and recycling approach as a long-term solution to address Singapore’s solid waste management needs. Basically, recyclable wastes are classified into four types in Singapore, there are glass, paper, plastic, metal. The bin is the most common tools we used to do the waste collection and waste separation. We assume the better design of the bin can improve the waste collectability and functionality. In this study, bins sitting situations and different designs of bin will be introduced. Singapore government attach great importance to the building of an environmentally friendly city. 

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The unlawful disposal of aluminum and plastic materials, such as empty cans and plastic bottles, has been a serious social issue. We are all concerned that this issue could harm ecosystems and increase pollution. As a result, social volunteer projects have started picking up

to address this issue. These activities, however, take a lot of time and cost. Therefore, in this work, we propose the automation of pickup by robots as a solution to this problem. pickup robots must perform several functions, including moving autonomously and detecting and collecting unlawfully dumped materials. This study develops a technology to detect illegally dumped objects from videos captured by a robot. Furthermore, this research suggests a faster object detection technique that enhances the YOLO low memory, quick method. Additionally, we developed an annotated image dataset with three new types of (plastic bottles, cans, and cardboard). We used this data in validation trials to compare the performance of the proposed method with that of existing methods. The experimental results demonstrated that our model could detect the three types of faster than the selected models and enhanced the processing speed. Finally, a comparison was made for frames per second on GPUs and edge devices to validate whether all models could detect in realtime.

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This research proposes a new cassava root-cutting machine designed as a cylinder saw and grasper mechanism. The machine’s performance was assessed to prove its utility, and two factors affecting the performance were investigated: the cassava branching type (erect, dichotomous, and tetrachotomous) and the surrounding gap between the cylinder saw and cassava stalk (10, 15, 20, and 25 mm). The result showed that the average loss, , cutting time, compressive force, torque, and power consumption were 3.49 % and 2.34 %, 62 s / stalk, 141.69 N, 15.04 Nm, and 587.75 W, respectively. To prevent high loss and , a 20 mm gap is optimal for all branching types.

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公共のゴミ箱は使用者からすると物議を醸す存在である。環境を清潔にでき、美化と装飾の機能さえあるが、別の角度から見ると環境を汚す可能性がある。このため本文では実地調査の方法で、公共のゴミ箱の台湾と日本の違いを理解し、非参加型の観察方法で公共のゴミ箱の種類と様式、設置されている環境の関係を記録することである。この研究により公共のゴミ箱の、公園環境との関係を整理し帰納できることを期待した。結果、日本特有の自動販売機文化により、上野公園のゴミ箱が11種類に達していることを発見している。花博公園の分類標示は母語、外国語、マーク、色、鮮やかな色彩、明確であることにより判別度が高く、上野公園の分類標示は不完全であったが、公園環境との融合度は高めであった。：このほか、上野公園内にあるゴミ処理場では、公園内のゴミを先に集中させて再度分類し、処理を行っている。

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This study investigated color preferences and noticeability of

bins in Thailand. Yellow is constantly preferred color for all bin types. It might be related to the color of real public bins in Thailand. Moreover, it was found that color preferences of individual bins were correlated with color combination preference. In addition, the noticeability of bins has correlation with both color preference and environment. Appropriate designed color for each waste type might encourage waste segregation in Thailand.

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The carding and cleaning action of flats on a cotton card was analyzed by feeding cotton lap to a card equipped with stationary flats located at different places. The amount of flat strip depositing on flats was investigated in relation to the operating time, the location of the flat, and different components of flat strip.
The weight of flat strip and longer fibers depositing on a flat increased with the number of fiber tufts contained in cotton lap. At first, flat strip accumulated very rapidly on a flat, but later the rate of accumulation suddenly declines. The rate of deposition on flat depends much on the content of the passing fibers, but it did not decrease with time. The rate of short fiber deposition was between the rate for longer fibers and the rate for .
It was predicted from these findings that the speed of moving flats affected the weight of flat strip but did not affect the weight of depositing. As a result, an increse in the moving speed of flats does not improve cleaning action, although it increasaes wastes. It was also expected that the opening of fibers in the lickerin part reduced the weight of flat strip. These predictions were proved correct by experimental data.

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