The purpose of this study was to examine the educational effects of shokuiku taught in English as a form of international exchange in Japanese and Korean elementary schools. Food-choice software, equipped with sounds we developed for this study, was used to teach two shokuiku classes before the exchange. Three self-administered questionnaires were performed with students before and after participation in a shokuiku international exchange ; 74 responses were obtained and statistically analyzed based on gender, English learning experience and interest in/motivation for learning.
The results were as follows :
1) For questions related to food/nutrition, most students' responses (except regarding knowledge) did not change after the exchange compared to baseline.
2) Statistically favorable changes in responses to English questions were only observed after the exchange. In addition, there were significant gender differences in the responses, with girls demonstrating more favorable changes, particularly in the area of self-efficacy.
3) Knowledge scores in both food/nutrition and English instruction increased regardless of gender, English learning experience, and interest in/motivation for learning.
The present results suggest that although shokuiku taught in English as a form of international exchange improves students' communication abilities as well as knowledge of food/nutrition and English, significant behavioral changes with respect to food/nutrition were not observed.

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[Purpose] This study aimed to clarify whether collaborative learning could be promoted via information and communication technology education using tablets at college of physical therapy. [Participants and Methods] An online survey was conducted to evaluate collaborative learning among 81 first-year students at the Department of Physical Therapy actively using tablets in classes (six specific categories). [Results] The Friedman test had significant results, and a significant primary effect was observed between each questionnaire item. Following this, the Bonferroni test was performed for multiple comparisons, with significant differences were observed among certain items. [Conclusion] We reported employing tablets in the classroom positively impacted collaborative learning. Here, among the evaluations of collaborative learning, the items with the best results corresponded mainly to communication activation between students.

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Using a quasi-experimental design, this study examined the educational effect of international exchange on food/nutrition and English in Japanese elementary schools.
One hundred eight students in the 6th grade were assigned to the exchange group (n=38) or the non-exchange group (n=70). All students took three food/nutrition classes in English before the exchange. The exchange country was Korea and three surveys were conducted : baseline, pre-exchange, and post-exchange. The attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior about food/nutrition and English communication were examined.
The results were as follows :
1) Regarding interest in learning, statistically favorable changes were observed only in the exchange group between the baseline and subsequent surveys.
2) As for attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior about food/nutrition between the baseline and pre-exchange surveys, there were favorable changes in attitudes (p=0.003) and behavior (p=0.009) in the exchange group.
3) The exchange group gave more positive responses regarding nutritional balance than the non-exchange group on the pre-exchange surveys (attitudes, p=0.008 ; self-efficacy, p=0.029 ; behavior, p=0.011).
4) The exchange group showed a significantly higher interest rate in Korean meals after the exchange (p=0.049).
The results showed that a food/nutrition program taught in English with an international exchange deepens students' interest in learning about food/nutrition and English.

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This paper proposes a novel touch-based multi-user interactionenvironment for sharing experiences among a group of users. A largetouchable screen serves as a shared data space where multiple userssimultaneously interact with common interest images, sound andvideos by using simple hands movements and voice. The system provides anatural and easy-to-use interface to browse and select multimedia items supporting share experiences. The discussion revolves around aconcrete example stressing the main points of the system.

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Objective: Physical frailty has been considered a risk factor for certification of long-term care needs (hereafter referred to as Certification) under Japan’s long-term care insurance (LTCI). Therefore, assessment of frailty in elders should be studied from multiple perspectives. The Kihon Checklist (KCL) is widely used to identify need for support/care among Japanese older adults. This study aims to examine the relationship between changes in KCL items and Certification among Japan’s young-old and old-old.

Material and Methods: The KCL responses of 7,092 participants were assessed in April 2012 and March 2016, along with gender, age, and living environment. Deaths, Certifications, and relocations were tracked until March 2018. Changes in KCL items were categorized as bad, worse, improved, or good.

Results: Between March 2016 and March 2018, about 7.3% of respondents obtained Certifications. KCL item changes increased the risk of new Certification for bad and worse groups, while improved cognitive function among the old-old possibly reduced the risk of new Certification.

Conclusion: Therefore, rather than administering the KCL once, identifying KCL changes among people at risk could help prevent or delay their need for long-term care.

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of stimulus equivalence procedures for teaching 4 receptive emotional labels (happiness, anger, sadness, and surprise) to a 5-year 9-month-old girl with autistic disorder. Training programs were designed to teach the girl to match schematic expressive faces to printed emotional labels and to match cartoons depicting emotional situations to schematic faces. After both matching tasks met the learning criteria, she showed unreinforced conditional relations between the printed emotional labels and the emotional situation cartoons, indicating the emergence of stimulus equivalence classes. In addition, the results demonstrated expansion of the equivalence classes to photographs of expressive faces and sentences describing emotion-eliciting situations.

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Previous studies suggested that spoilers might increase the enjoyment of novels. However, the problem of spoilers has not been sufficiently clarified. The objective of our work is to clarify the effect of comic spoilers and to apply clarified knowledge for applications. In our past work, we constructed a spoiler dataset and investigated the spoilers’ effect by changing the spoiler timing for readers. However, in the past work, we could not clarify the characteristics of spoilers. In this work, we clarified that spoilers reduced the interest in continuing reading the comics and analyzed the characteristics of spoilers by using the dataset. Then, we considered how to construct a comic spoiler dataset and investigated how to determine the spoiling pages automatically using image processing, and character detection and so on.

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In rural areas of Japan, known for depopulation issues, convenient mobility and accessibility depend on private cars. This trend has also been a burden for maintaining public transport, which is also vital for nondrivers like children. Hence, local authorities are taking actions to promote public transport among children, specifically for their non-school trips. However, many factors affect the use/choice of public transport for non-school trips among children, which need to be investigated from children’s perspectives. This study focuses on junior high school students (12-14 years) who are less mobile than high school students in Japan’s rural areas. This research aims to uncover the underlying factors affecting their travel behavior for non-school trips. Nineteen focus group volunteers (1^st/2^nd grade) were recruited from the two junior high schools of the two distinctive areas of Minamiise town in Mie Prefecture. Interviews were conducted in two groups (nine and ten participants/group). A translator and a Japanese researcher were present in both sessions, and the collected interview contents were analyzed qualitatively. In non-school trips, ‘distance,’ ‘parental influence,’ ‘children’s experience,’ ‘having friends as companions,’ and ‘social support’ seemed to be amongst the most critical factors influencing children’s travel behavior. These factors thoroughly affected self-autonomy and children’s confidence in taking active and public transport modes. Physical characteristics of their living areas, such as safety perception, also appeared to be important in shaping a negative attitude towards walking and cycling. As for public transport, the high cost of trips, non-frequent operation, and individuals’ insufficient knowledge of using the service were some of the underlying barriers. Moreover, the authors found a positive relationship between earlier school ending time and more non-school trips on weekdays. Finally, there was a significant difference in public transport usage for non-school trips between the two town areas.

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無し

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We implemented a portfolio assessment using rubrics as well as the development of four rubrics of capabilities for technology education in a national independent lower secondary school in Joetsu City. These rubrics comprised: 1) developing and communicating design proposals; 2) expressing and communicating; 3) technology assessment; and 4) putting crop cultivation into practice. This study examined the effect of practice on portfolio assessments by using the rubrics. In conclusion: 1) The average marks of the self-evaluation at the second try were significantly higher than the self-evaluation at the first try. This result may account for the effect of the importance to take evaluation of the group before as well as pupils' self-evaluation to grow high-level learning capability such as "capability of expressing and communicating." 2) Commissioning of the portfolios had the effect that pupils became aware of rubrics not as the teacher's assessment standard but as standards for their self-evaluation.

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この論文では、同じ文法事項を教えるための、2 つの異なるレッスンプランを比較・対照していきたい。ひとつは発見タイプ(discovery type)で、もう一つは従来通りの演繹的アプローチ(deductive approach)である。信憑性のあるテキストを使用した理由の提示、生徒が直面してきた問題点も議論する。この2 つのレッスンプランについての利点・不利点を分析、および、各クラスの生徒の物の見方やニーズを考慮に入れることがなぜ大切なのかを提示したい。

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This study investigated support required by siblings of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) after this referred to as “peers.” We investigated words used by siblings for explaining school-aged peers and explored the siblings’ attitudes, which were different from the negative attitudes of people around their peers. We conducted an interview survey with adult siblings of ASD children and inquired about siblings’ perceptions about their peers, coping with questions about their peers, unpleasant experiences related to peers, and personal and environmental factors. The results indicated that supportive relationships between siblings and parents promoted siblings’ knowledge and understanding of ASD and helped them develop the language for explaining their peer’s condition to others. Moreover, positive experiences in environments that accepted their peers resulted in different attitudes to negative attitudes of others, regardless of support for siblings to manage negative experiences.

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Background: The World Health Organization has recognized intimate partner violence and sexual violence as significant international health and human rights issues, and has recommended strengthening preventive measures. These are serious human rights problems that need to be addressed as soon as possible. In Japan, there has been an increase in sexual violence that involves people who meet each other via the Internet.

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the influence of web-based education for preventing sexual violence among junior high school students in Japan.

Methods: From September 2015 to February 2016, we surveyed a total of 788 students aged 13 to 14 years at 10 junior high schools where the principals gave approval for this research. Group education concerning domestic violence was provided to all students. We investigated the usefulness of education for preventing sexual violence by web-based education. The attitude of participants to perpetration of physical and emotional violence was assessed, as well as utilization of healthy conflict resolution skills in peer and dating relationships of participants.

Results: A total of 730 students consented to participate in this study (valid response rate, 92.6%) before receiving group education, and 671 consented to the follow-up survey (valid response rate, 85.2%). Students who completed internet learning after group education (intervention group, n=305) were compared with those who did not participate in internet learning (control group, n=366). In boys, webbased education achieved improvement of attitudes to physical violence, other-oriented emotional reactivity (empathy), assertiveness, discussion with other individuals, and attack avoidance, while girls showed improvement of discussion with other individuals.

Conclusion: This study suggested that web-based education on prevention of sexual violence is effective for decreasing the occurrence of violence and increasing healthy conflict resolution.

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[Purpose] This study aimed to examine and compare the prevalence of frailty in 75 year-old people sampled in two remote years, namely 2006 and 2019. [Participants and Methods] A total of 910 participants aged 75 years were included (502 people in 2006 and 408 people in 2019). We compared the total score of the Kihon checklist and each question for males and females between the two years. [Results] The prevalence of frailty decreased from 24.3% in 2006 to 15.2% in 2019. The comparison of the 2006 and 2019 Kihon checklists revealed significant differences in activities of daily living, physical function, oral function, outdoor activities, and cognitive function. [Conclusion] Frailty among 75 year-old individuals improved in 2019 compared to that in 2006. Improved activities of daily living, physical function, outdoor activities, and cognitive function were major causes of improved frailty in 2019.

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As surgeons, most of our ideas involve new devices rather than new drugs but it could be a new smart phone application or computer program to improve our day to day practice. The purpose of this paper is to encourage the reader to act ..... not be one who later tells friends “I thought of that, but didn't have the time/money to develop it”.
The process starts with understanding what you need that you do not have or, as important, how to do the same thing at less cost. Since I practice in the United States, the rules of developing a new product will be different than in Japan. But the principles are no doubt similar. Does it do a better job? Easier to use? Lower cost? Nothing like it available?

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本論は,ソ連邦内コーカサス北西部のあるイスラム集落におけるロシア語アディゲ(Adyge)語の二言語使用状況に関する調査結果とその考察である。調査は,ネットワーク法を使って行われたアンケート・インタヴュー,図書館での図書貸し出し状況の観察などの方法を使い,都会と田舎における差異,年齢差による差異に注巨して行った。
調査の結果判ったことは,田舎では子供は禅父母や父母とアディゲ語をよく使い,仲間同志では1%3以上の子供はロシア語のみを使用,また,大人は90%以上が家庭や友人とアディゲ語を使用していることである。
子供はアディゲ語を書くことに困難を感じ,また読みたがらず,大人もロシア語とアディゲ語の両語で本がある場合でもロシア語の方を好んで選ぶ傾向がある。
すべての場面において,都会においての方が田舎よりアディゲ語がより少なく使用されている。
最後に現在のアディゲ語の使用状況を示す図を提示した

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