A methanol extract of the flowers of Mammea siamensis (Calophyllaceae) was found to inhibit enzymatic activity against aromatase (IC₅₀=16. µg/mL). From the extract, two new geranylated coumarins, mammeasins C (1) and D (2), were isolated together with seven coumarins: 8-hydroxy--methyl--(3,-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)--(2-methyl-1-oxobutyl)-,-dihydropyrano[,3,2-de]chromen-2-one (), 8-hydroxy--methyl--(3,-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)--(3-methyl-1-oxobutyl)-,-dihydropyrano[,3,2-de]chromen-2-one (10), mammeas A/AA (14), A/ (15), A/AA cyclo D (18), / (23), and /BC cyclo D (25). The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Among the isolates including 17 previously reported coumarins, 1 (IC₅₀=2. µM), 2 (3.6 µM), and mammea / cyclo D (21, 3.1 µM) showed relatively strong inhibitory activities comparable to the activity of the synthetic nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor aminoglutethimide (2.0 µM).

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The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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In van der Waals (vdWs) materials, the engineering of stacking structures is a powerful method to control the electronic states for novel quantum phenomena or future electronic devices. To change the stacking structure, atomic intercalation is a promising way. This is because the atomic intercalation can modulate the stacking structure without a highly technical protocol nor a limitation for the sample size [1-

]. However, there is little knowledge of the atomic dynamics during the intercalation process related to the stacking structures.

Here, we report that Li-intercalation into epitaxial graphene (EG) on SiC (0001) drives topological domain wall motions associated with stacking change in graphene/buffer layers [

]. In-situ ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) aberration-corrected low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) has been applied to real-time imaging of the Li-intercalation process. The buffer layer and the top graphene layer forming a carbon bilayer configuration (named the bilayer system thereafter) are used for the observation of Li-intercalation dynamics (Fig. 1(a)). and stacking domains are alternatively distributed and sandwich topological domain walls (TDWs) in between (Fig. 1()). The TDWs are topologically protected due to the difference in the number of unit cells in the buffer and graphene layers. The crossing points of multiple TDWs have a topologically protected AA stacking structure. The top of Fig. 1(c) is a dark-field LEEM image of the pristine bilayer system. The dark and bright domains correspond to and stacking domains, respectively. They are consistent with the top illustration of Fig. 1().

We deposited Li on the bilayer system with a low flux rate to capture the Li-intercalation dynamics. At

min of the Li-intercalation, Li-intercalation firstly occurred at AA stacking points, which changes the contrast of the bright-field LEEM image to bright dots as shown in stage 1 in Fig 1(c). At min (stage 2 in Fig 1(c)), Li-intercalated domains with the bright contrast grow into stacking domains (surrounded by or between blue dashed lines in Fig 1(c)). Further Li-intercalation makes the Li-intercalated domains extend into stacking domains (surrounded by or between red dashed lines in Fig 1(c)) as stage 3 in Fig 1(c). Finally, the Li-intercalated domains cover most areas, whereas they do not combine with each other and are divided by dark lines (i.

e

. TDW regions).

To elucidate the mechanism of the stacking-dependent Li-intercalation, we performed density functional theory calculations. Li adsorption energy into AA,

, and stackings is in the order of AA < < . Thus, it is energetically preferable for Li to intercalate the AA stacking points first and then selectively intercalate domains instead of domains as observed in the LEEM snapshots. In addition, we calculated the stable stacking structure of the Li-intercalated bilayer system and figured out that it is AA stacking.

Next, we look into the evolution of the stacking distribution during the Li-intercalation in the stripe microstructure as seen in the pink rectangle regions in LEEM snapshots of Fig. 1(c), with molecular dynamics simulation. When Li-intercalated domains start to grow into

regions, the intercalated regions change their stacking structure to AA (Stage 2 of Fig. 1(d)). Further Li-intercalation changes the stacking to AA stacking structure. Finally, Li-intercalated domains with AA stacking fill the whole region, while there is a TDW region in between them as shown in Stage 3 of Fig. 1(d). The TDW region can not have AA stacking structure by the topological constraint, and never disappear.

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This paper presents a review for the crystallization of nonlinear optical crystals such as , , fresnoite-type and several langasite-type crystals in glasses and for the second order optical nonlinearities of those crystals. In this study, transparent surface crystallized glasses consisting of , and crystals were successfully fabricated from the corresponding glasses. Second order nonlinear optical coefficients, d₃₃, were evaluated by Maker fringe technique for those surface crystallized glasses. As a result, it was demonstrated that the and the crystals indicated large d₃₃ values, i.., – 1.3 pm/V and – pm/V, respectively. In particular, d₃₃ of the crystal is comparable to that of LiNbO₃ single crystal. Moreover, we confirmed for the first time that the langasite-type crystals, which are promising materials for SAW device, are formed by crystallization in the corresponding glasses.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-,-diene-3β,,6β-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC3T3-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,,6β-triol (), -dehydrocholesterol () and cholecalciferol (6) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3-1 cells were increased 3.0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.-fold by 10 μM . However, 2, 3, and 6 did not induce MC3T3-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C- and/or C-6 of 1 and played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC3T3-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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In the superconductive lanthanum compounds La2-

xA_xCuO₄

(A=Sr, Ca,

Ba

), divalent ions were substituted with monovalent Na, K and divalent Pb. Only the substitution with Na resulted in a superconductivity, and the critical temperature (T_c) is found to be

22

.2K at the composition at

La_1.5Na_0.5CuO₄

reacted at temperatures between 880 and 890°C. In another superconductive compound

LaBa₂Cu₃O₇

-y which has the same structure as -y, divalent ions were partially substituted with Ca²⁺ and Sr²⁺. In the compound -y T_c deteriorates and two superconductive phases appear. On the contrary, in the compound -y metalic behavior and a sharp transition in resistivity are found, i.., its transition width (ΔT) is within 3K. Further, T_c is not much influenced by the sintering temperatures between 890 and 1, 050°C, and is reproducibly settled in between 74.K and 77.K. These results should be compared with those obtained in -y, in which T_c largely depended on sintering temperature and T amounts to 13.K.

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Suzukiite, +₂[O₂|], orthorhombic, Amam or Amam2, a=.089(2), =15.261(2), c=.364(1)Å, Z=2, is a new mineral corresponding to the barium analogue of haradaite, +₂[O₂|].
The electron microprobe analysis gave : BaO 38.38, SrO 3.21, VO₂ 23.56, TiO₂ 0.20, SiO₂ 33.59, total 98.%, yielding the empirical formula () _Σ2.00(+_2.02Ti_0.02)_Σ2.04Si_3.97O₁₄ on the basis of O=14.
It is bright green in colour with a vitreous lustre and pale green streak. Cleavages {010}, perfect; {100} and {001}, distinct. Specific gravity .0(obs.), density .03g/cm³(calc), H. (Mohs) to 4¹/₂ on {010}. It is optically biaxial negative, 2V about °, r<v, very strong. Refractive indices: α=1.730(), β=1.739(calc), γ=1.748(). Optical orientation and axial colours: a=X=pale green, =Y=light yellowish green, c=Z= bluish green.
Suzukiite is found in massive rhodonite-rhodochrosite ore from the bedded manganese ore deposit of the Mogurazawa mine, Kiryu City, Gumma Prefecture, Japan, in association with quartz, barite, nagashimalite and a barian roscoelite.

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the ^116mIn activity. Directional correlations are also measured for 818–1293 and 1097–1293 keV cascades. The M1-2 mixing ratio δ, and the 0-2 mixing ratio μ_k are obtained for 818. keV +→2₁⁺ transition to be δ=1.52−

0.22

+0.26, and μ_k≤6.1×10−

4

respectively. The

E

2 branching ratio

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→0_g⁺):

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→2₁⁺):

B

(

E

2;

2₂

+→0₁⁺) is determined to be 0.0158:1.0:

5

.86.

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The bioavailability (

) of 3810, an unstable compound in acid, was studeid by controlling gastric pH in beagle dogs. The BAs, after the administration of 3810 solution orally to dogs with a low or a high gastric pH, were 3.16 ± 1.28% and 76. ± 13.8%, respectively. These results suggested that 3810 decomposes rapidly in the presence of gastric acid, but its is high if the decomposition of 3810 is avoided in the gastrointestinal tract. To establish a dosage form of 3810 for toxicity testing in the dog, 3810 enteric-coated tablets (ϕ=6. mm) and 3810 solution were administered. The t_max after the administration of 3810 enteric-coated tablets was prolonged (t_max=.42 hr), suggesting a slow gastric emptying, or a delay in the release of 3810. In contrast, when the tablets were asministered orally to fasted beagle dogs, t_max was obtained within 1 hr, suggesting rapid release once the tablet left the stomach. After administration of 3810 solution to beagle dogs with a high gastric pH, the was high, with the lowest variability. In the preliminary toxicity test, 3810 solution was administered to dogs with a high gastric pH once a day for seven days. The plasma concentrations of 3810 on day 1 and day increased dose-dependently, and there is no difference in pharmacokinetics between day 1 and day . These results indicate that the method to control gastric pH in dogs is useful for the dosing of a compound that is unstable in gastric acid.

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One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

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A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of the cyanogenic glycosides, i. ., amygdalin (AM) and prunasin (PR), and their degradation products, i. ., benzaldehyde (BAL) and benzoic acid (), in processed foods containing ume (Japanese apricot Prunus mume Sieb et Zucc.) was developed.
The sample was extracted with 0.05M citric acid solution and cleaned up by use of a Seppak C₁₈ cartridge. The extract was chromatographed on a Capcell Pak C₁₈ SG120 column with acetonitrile-water-0.2M phosphate buffer, pH .0 (16: 79: ). Detection was achieved with a UV monitor set at 210nm. The peaks corresponding to AM and PR were confirmed by examination of the effect of emulsin treatment.
The recoveries from ume extract, umeboshi (dried and salted ume), umeshu (Japanese apricot wine) and ume jam fortified with AM, PR, BAL and at levels of 40-100μg/g each were 86.-100.6% (C. V. 3.-.%) for AM, 69.-105.3% (0.-.2%) for PR, 71.-85.0% (1.8-2.6%) for BAL and 82.-99.1% (0.8-.8%) for , except for AM in the ume extract and the umeboshi. AM in ume extract and umeboshi could not be determined owing to interference by contaminants.
The determination limits were 10μg/g for AM, 2μg/g for PR, and 1μg/g for BAL and , respectively.

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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The color change in samples of unpigmented self-curing resins prepared with a new initiator using barbituric acid derivatives (-CI-Cu) was found to be less than specimens prepared with conventional Benzoylperoxide-tert Amine initiator (BPO-tert Amine). One cause of the perceivable color change for BPOtert Amine was the increase in the values of |Δa*| and |Δb*| during storage periods. ANOVA showed statistical significance in that the higher the storage temperatureand the longer the periods of sunlight exposure, the higher the value of ΔE* for BP0-tert Amine became. On the other hand, in the case of pigmented resins, the values of ΔE* for ivory shade (-Cl-Cu/I) except 60°C-dry and for pink shade (-Cl-Cu/P) were less than 1 during storage for 56 days. Therefore, no color differences could be perceive either before or after storage and exposure to the various conditions. In the case of 37°C-wet, i.., oral environment, the values of ΔE* for -Cl-Cu/I and -Cl-Cu/P were approximately 1/6 to 1/2 and 1/15 to 1/, respectively, compared with the values of a commercially available product.

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教室で経験した成人の先天性気管支疾患8例の診断と治療法を検討した。内訳は, 食道気管支(-)瘻例, 気管支胆道(-)瘻1例, 気管支閉鎖症()2例である。-瘻の例は女性で, 年齢は40, 41, 68, 72歳, 他の1例は58歳の男性である。-瘻は38歳の男性である。-瘻, -瘻の全員が2&acd;30年間の繰り返す呼吸器感染症状を有していた。の2例は, 25, 38歳の男性である。1例は幼少児期から繰り返す肺炎の既往を持つが, 1例は検診(無症状)で発見された。診断には詳細な病歴聴取が重要であり, 確定診断には-瘻では食道造影と食道ファイバースコピー, -瘻, では気管支造影, 気管支ファイバースコピーが有用であった。治療は-瘻では3例に瘻孔切除術を, 2例に瘻孔切除術に加え肺区域あるいは部分切除術を施行した。-瘻に対しては瘻孔切除術を施行した。の1例には, 肺葉切除術を, 他の1例には肺区域切除術を施行した。成人の先天性気管支疾患の治療にあたっては, 良性疾患であることから縮小手術を施行しており, 肺機能を温存した良好な結果を得ることができた。

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Miyahisaite, (Sr,Ca)

2Ba₃

(

PO₄

)₃F, a new mineral of the hedyphane group in the apatite supergroup, is found in the Shimoharai mine, Oita Prefecture, Japan. Miyahisaite is colorless and occurs as a pseudomorphic aggregate (up to about 100 μm in size) along with fluorapatite in the quartz matrix in a namansilite-rich layer of the chert. Its hardness is

5

on the Mohs scale, and its calculated density is

4

.511 g/cm³. The empirical formula of miyahisaite is (Sr_1.366Ca_0.717)

Σ2.083Ba_2.911P_3.002O₁₂

(F_0.898OH_0.088Cl_0.014)_Σ1.00, which is representatively shown as (Sr,Ca)

2Ba₃

(

PO₄

)₃F. Its simplified ideal formula is written as

Sr₂Ba₃

(

PO₄

)₃F, which requires 23.25 wt% SrO, 51.62 wt% BaO, 23.89 wt%

P₂O₅

, 2.13 wt% F, and -0.

90

wt% F = O, for a total of 100.00 wt%. The mineral is hexagonal with a space group P6₃/m, unit cell parameters a =

9

.921 (2) Å, c =

7

.469 (3) Å, and V = 636.

7

(3) ų, and Z = 2. The eight strongest lines in the powder XRD pattern [d (Å), (I/I₀), hkl] are 3.427 (16) 102, 3.248 (

22

) 120, 2.981 (100) 121, 2.865 (21) 300, 1.976 (23) 123, 1.874 (16) 140, 1.870 (15) 004, and 1.864 (17) 402. The mineral was formed by the reaction between fluorapatite and the

Ba

-bearing fluid that produced the aegirine-rich layer with hydrous

Ba

-rich minerals during the late-stage activity.

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Hydroxyapatite ceremic has an excellent biocompatibility. However, there is required some improvement in respect to the mechanical characteristics of hydroxyapatite ceramic. In order to improve the mechanical characteristics of hydroxyapatite ceramic, this study is on the method of forming a composite structure of hydroxyapatite ceramic adhered to the metals by glass.
Experimental proceaures were as follows:
a) Bonding strength of the metals with types of glasses adhered to them.
) Bonding strength of the metals by the addition to the glass of % (wt%) of Sn or .
c) Bonding strength of hydroxyapatite ceramics by the addition to the glass of % (wt%) of Sn or .
d) Bonding strength of hydroxyapatite ceramic and metals by the addition to the glass of wt% . % (wt%)
) Study of adherence mechanism by S. . M. and . P. M. A.
The results obtained showed that the bonding strength between the glass, which was produced in this study, and the Ti, Co-Cr-Ti alloy was good.
Especially, the bonding strength between the Co-Cr-Ti alloy and the hydroxy-apatite by the addition to the glass of % (wt%) of was shown to be from 308. kg/cm² to 420 kg/cm² in the pull out test.

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