One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

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From the fronds of Polystichum tripteron (KUNZE) P_R. a new norcarotenoid glycoside was isolated and shown to be (6R, , R)--hydroxy-megastigma-, -dien-3-one--O-β-D-glucoside. The fronds of Dennstaedtia wilfordii (MOORE) CHRIST. contain the same glucoside.

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Stereoselective synthesis of , - and , Z-β-ionylideneacetaldehydes was accomplished from the β-ionone tricarbonyl iron complex, and the latter was converted to Z-retinoic acid.

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A full account is given of the chemical behavior observed for , -dialkyladeninium salts (16). On treatment with boiling 1N aqueous NaOH for 60min, 16a, b, d, (X=I), 16 (X=Br), and 16 (X=) rearranged to isomeric N⁶, -dialkyladenines (21a-) in 50-91% yields. Treatment of the salts with 0.N aqueous Na₂CO₃ at room temperature for 30-min or with Amberlite CG-400 (OH^-) in H₂O at room temperature gave the ring-opened derivatives a- (in the trans-formamide form) in 56-83% yields, and rate constants for the ring-opening reactions of 16a, b, d-g (X=) and 16 (X=Br) leading to a-g were determined in H₂O at pH .84 and ionic strength 0.50 at 25°. Cyclization of a with NaH in AcNMe₂ at room temperature or with boiling 1N aqueous NaOH produced 21a in 84% or 72% yield, respectively.In solution, the trans-formamides seemed to transform slowly into the cis-formamides 23, attaining equilibria. The existence of such an equilibrium in D₂O or Me₂SO-d₆ at 25° or in H₂O at pH .84 and ionic strength 0.50 at 25° was kinetically confirmed in the case of a, and the mechanism of the rearrangement of 16 to 21 through is discussed on the basis of the above kinetic results and Deslongchamps' theory of stereoelectronic control. On treatment with in MeOH at room temperature, 16a (X=I) furnished the , 8-dihydro derivative 28 (84% yield), which slowly decomposed in H₂O at 60° to give a in 49% yield.The , -dialkyladeninium salts (16) were found to be obtainable from N'-alkoxy-1-alkyl--formamidoimidazole--carboxamidines () through an alternative synthetic route : Alkylations of with alkyl halides in HCONMe₂ in the absence of base, followed by hydrogenolysis of the N'-alkoxy group and cyclizatio (or vice versa) produced 16 in acceptable yields. In order to interpret the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of a, the 2-deuterated species 26 was also synthesized from 24 via 25 and 27.

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A full account is given of the first chemical synthesis of the antitumor antibiotic guanine -oxide () and its -substituted derivatives (24a-k and 26). Coupling of appropriate primary amines (17a-, g-k) with phanecyl bromide (16) produced, after treatment with HCl, the corresponding N-substituted phenacylamine hydrochlorides (18a-, g-k). A similar phenacylation of -amino-1-butanol (21) failed to give the desired compound 18, so that 21 was heated with 2-bromomethyl-2-phenyl-1, 3-dioxolane (20) at 150-155° for 3h to furnish, after treatment with HCl, the amino ketal hydrochloride in 40% yield. Deketalization of with hot 2N aqueous HCl afforded 18 in 96% yield. Condensations of the free bases, generated in situ from the hydrochlorides 18a-l and 1N aqueous NaOH, with the chloropyrimidinone 6 were effected in aqueous EtOH at the boiling point for 20 min or at 25-30° for 3-24h, giving the 6-phenacylamino--pyrimidinones 19a-l in 54-% yields. On treatment with 2N aqueous NaOH at room temperature for 10-60 min, the nitropyrimidinones 19a-k cyclized to provide the -substituted guanine -oxides 24a-k in 61-98% yields. A similar alkali-treatment of 19l failed to yield guanine -oxide (). However, removal of the -(arylmethyl) group from 24i-k was effected with conc, at room temperature for 1-3h in the presence of toluene, producing the target N-oxide in 56-89% yields. In the in vitro bioassay of antileukemic activity against murine L5178Y cells, none of the -substituted guanine -oxides (24a-k and 26) was more effective than the parent, natural N-oxide . Within this series, however, the benzyl analogues 24g-k with or without alkoxy functions were more cytotoxic, with IC₅₀'s of 13.0-48.0μg/ml, than the alkyl analogues 24a-.

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Four new sterols, , 6α-epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-8(14), -diene-3β, -diol (1), (, 24R)-ergosta-8, -diene-3β, , 6β, -tetrol (2), (, 24R)-ergosta-, (11), -triene-3β, , 6β-triol (3) and 3β, , 6β-trihydroxy-(, 24R)-ergost--en--one (), have been isolated from the fruit bodies of Grifola frondosa (FR.) S. . GRAY (Polyporaceae)together with fourteen known ones (-18), of which two ( and 6) are reported for the first time from a natural source. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral data.

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Six new cembranoids sarcophytol P (3), R (), S (), K (8), (11), and T (13) were isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum. Sarcophytol P (3) was shown to be the 20-hydroxy derivative of the major component sarcophytol A (1), and afforded the cyclization product 6 in CHCl_3 at room temperature, in a same way as in 1. Sarcophytols R () and S () were correlated to 1, by conversion of its R,8R and S,8S epoxide derivatives. Sarcophytol K(8) was a 13, 14-dihydroxycembranoid having a 1,3Z-diene moiety. The absolute configuration of 8 and its 1Z,3- and 1Z,3Z-isomers sarcophytol B (2) and J (10) were determined by circular dichroism study of their bis-p-dimethylaminobenzoate derivatives. Sarcophytols (11) and T (13) were 1- and 1,3Z-isomers of 1. Compound 11 showed characteristic broadening of the ^1H-NMR chemical shifts, due to the restricted conformational interconversion. Using the three cembranoids sarcophytols (11, 1,3), N (15, 1Z,3Z) and T (13,1,3Z), spontaneous autoxidation-cyclization, in CHCl_3,was examined, in order to compare the stereochemical course of the reaction with that of 1 (1Z,3), which affords trans-fused bicyclo[.3.0]tetradecene systems. The 1,3Z-isomer 13 gave the same cyclization product 18, as in the reaction of 1, even though it is isomeric at -1,3. The 1Z,3Z isomer 15 gave 19, in consequence of the reversed geometry at -3 of 15. The 1,3-isomer (11) gave the bicyclic product , having an antipodal fusion as compared with 19. This was confirmed by PCC oxidation of 19 and , giving enantiomeric ketones 23 and 24 respectively. The 1(14)-epoxide 26 was shown to be the immediate precursor of , and acounted for the inversion of the geometry at -1 of the cyclization product. Compound 26 is isomeric with the epoxide 17 derived from 1. The epoxide 17 is the postulated precursor in the conversion of 13 to 18. It is noteworthy that the mode of antipodal fusion of the cyclopentane rings, in 18 and , was controlled by the chirality of the epoxy rings. The -14 hydroxyl group participates in the transannular cyclization, but was found not to be the requisite functional group for the reaction. Similar treatment of cembrene (30), the parent hydrocarbon of 1, also reacted in CHCl_3 giving the bicyclic product 32.

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Activity-directed isolation of the ethyl acetate, methylene chloride and n-hexane fractions of Gloiopeltis furcata resulted in the isolation of 18 compounds. Their structures were elucidated as 2-(3-hydroxy--oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetic acid (1), glutaric acid (2), succinic acid (3), nicotinic acid (), ()--hydroxyhex-2-enoic acid (), cholesterol (6), -hydroxycholesterol (), uridine (8), glycerol (), -(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol (10), (,)--oxodeca-,-dienoic acid (11), (Z)-3-ethylidene--methylpyrrolidine-2,-dione (12), dehydrovomifoliol (13), loliolide (14), cholesteryl stearate (15), palmitic acid (16), cis-,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (17) and α-linolenic acid (18) on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidences. Their anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities were evaluated via inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) as well as scavenging activities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻). All isolated compounds (1—18) exhibited moderate AChE inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values ranging from 1.14—12.50 μg/ml, whereas 1, , , 17, and 18 showed mild BChE inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values ranging from .57—15.89 μg/ml. Although most of the compounds isolated were lacking the scavenging activity on DPPH radical and ONOO⁻, and 10 showed good DPPH radical scavenging activity, and , 10, and 16 showed potent ONOO⁻ scavenging activity.

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Mycobacteriocin produced by human type tubercle bacilli could be demonstrated easily on eggmedium containing 0.05% tween by means of stab culture or streak plate methods, and elevenmycobacteriocin-types have been recognized on the basis of the inhibition pattern by using indicator strains of rapidly growing mycobacteria.
At present, types 1 (.%), 2 (13%), (38.%), (2%) and 11 (14.8%) showed a stablemycobacteriocin pattern, but types 3 (.8%) and (6.%) were apt to show type replacement totypes 2 and , respectively, and strains belonging to types , 6 and 8 were few, less than 1.%to the total. In order to perform a reproducible mycobacteriocin typing, our previous typingscheme was revised to be consisted of five groups (A-). Among 438 strains, mycobacteriocingroup containing types and was 46.1% of strains tested, group B containing types 2, 3 and6 was .6%, group containing type 11 was 15.1%, group A containing types 1 and 8 was.%, group D containing types and 10 was .1%, and untypable strains were no more than 6.6% among all tested strains.
Human type tubercle bacilli classified as type , which consisted of more than 45% of strainstested, could be divided into three sub-types from sensitivity to M. gordonae 1324 and M. terrae 1450.
Mycobacteriocin producing strains belonging to type D: showed an extremly wide antibacterialactivity to strains of more than % of rapidly growing mycobacteria (42 strains), to about 40% of slow growing mycobacteria (29 strains), and even to 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

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Mono-(

)-, -()-, and -(13Z)-lycopenes are found in food containing processed tomato products, while tetra-Z-(, , ′Z, ′Z)-lycopene (prolycopene) is found in tangerine-strain tomatoes. We prepared pure mono-Z-lycopenes from all--lycopene via chemical reaction (heating in CH₂Cl₂ at ℃ for 1 h) followed by purification using preparative silica gel HPLC, while prolycopene was isolated from tangerine tomatoes by partitioning with n-hexane and % MeOH followed by silica gel column chromatography. A simple method of distinguishing the mono-Z-lycopenes using the

13C

NMR chemical shifts of their Z-methyl carbons is proposed. Additionally, the ¹O₂ quenching and 3T3-L1 cell differentiation activities of the compounds were then compared with all-

E

-lycopene for the first time. All the evaluated Z-isomers showed ¹O₂ quenching activities that were equal to or slightly lower than that of all-

E

-lycopene, with the IC₅₀ values for the ¹O₂ quenching activities of (all-

E

)-, (

5Z

)-, (

9Z

)-, (13Z)-, and (

7Z

,

9Z

,

7

′Z,

9

′Z)-lycopene being

4

.

4

±0.36,

4

.0±1.44,

5

.3±1.08, 6.

9

±1.67, and 8.

7

±0.34 µM, respectively. The mouse 3T3-L1 cell differentiation activities followed the order: (all-

E

) > (

9Z

) > (

5Z

) ≈ (

9Z

) ≈ (13Z) ≈ (

7Z

,

9Z

,

7

′Z,

9

′Z).

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As the mortality of infant at the Joboji-machi was very high as compard with national mean value, this town was appointed as the special district for sanitaly guaidance of mothers and children in 1955.
The Preesent author conducted an examination for infants and studied on the actual sanitory condition of mothers and children in August 1955.
1) On the infantile nursing and the other items.
The results of the reseach on 295 mothers who have infants 2 months to 1 year and half aiter bjrth.
Indifference of the infant nursing .%
Nurse is grandparents 66.1%
Use of “Ejiko”= a cracel 52.0%
Days of taking bath once in 6. days
Change of underwear once in 2.2 days
Change of diaper. 6. in a day
Days of puerperium 50 days
No holiday during pregnancy 74.8%
Witness of birth except doctor and midwife. 13.%
2) On the infant.
The result of the research on 297 infants from 2 months to 1 year and half after birth.
a) Illness 122 infants (41.1%)
Rachitis constitution 20.% Harnia 16.%
Bronchitis .% Impetigo 11.%
b) Body measurement.
Stature and weight on the birth at maternity clinic was a little higher than national mean value and it was a slight dicrease to school age from a threemonth old baby.
) The manner of nutrition.
Breast milk WS%
Artificial feeding 1.%
Mixed feeding .%
d) The state of development.
Dentition (at a seven-month old baby of the national value.). 34.1%
Walking start (at a thirteen-month old baby of the national mean value.). 25%
Weaning start (at a seven-month old baby.). 16%
) Marriage of parents was earlier then that of the city people.
Male 23.2 3. years old Female 20.3 2.6 years old
) Mother of the dead child were 26.8% more then that of the city people.
3) On the state of birth.
a) The body weight on the birth was lower that of the national meal value.
13) - The rote stillbirth was 2.% and the birth after bleeding was .%.

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Ten furostanol saponins were isolated as five pairs of 25R and 25S epimers from the fresh rhizomes of Polygonatum kingianum. Seven of them were identified as new compounds, (25S)-kingianoside D (2), (25S)-kingiano-side (), (25R,)-hydroxylwattinoside (), kingianoside (), (25S)-kingianoside (8), kingianoside () and (25S)-kingianoside (10), together with three known saponins, kingianoside (1), kingianoside D (3), and -hydroxylwattinoside (6). The structures of the new saponins were determinded by detailed analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and by comparison of the spectral data with those reported.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-,-diene-3β,,6β-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC3T3-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,,6β-triol (), -dehydrocholesterol () and cholecalciferol (6) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3-1 cells were increased 3.0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.-fold by 10 μM . However, 2, 3, and 6 did not induce MC3T3-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at - and/or -6 of 1 and played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC3T3-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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[1] The purpose of this reserch is to make clear what type of design can give good effects to win the high readership score. At the begining I had to know what factors decide the readership score, and how to change the quality of the desing into numerical value. I have used the method of multi-dimentional analysis with the help of a computer, and got the estimation formula, with kinds of factors, as follows ; A^^〜=B++D+K+aE+bF+cG. A^^〜=estimated values of the readership score. 1) B, , D, K : these four factors are given as category values (so we call them); each factor is classified into several categories. B=week day, classified into categories. =pages of a newspaper, which are characterized by the kinds of articles, news, and the other reading matters, classified into categories. D=kinds of goods and trades of the advertizement, classified into 14 catedories. K=constants, given to each 13 surveys. 2) , , G : these factors are given as numerical values. G=area of advertizement, measured by the unit of column in the whole page length, being classified into 6 kinds of area (2., 3., , , 10, 15) and 15 column means a whole page, about 2,000cm^2. , are the marks obtained in the design of advertizements. =sum of the marks obtained in each design element on the advertizement. =the marks obtained on the whole effect of the design. 3) a, b, : coefficients Using the above formula with the category values and the coefficients, we can obtain the naked design effect from the actual value A of readership score: aE+bF=A-(B++D+K+cG). In this research, I used 1,829 data of readership score from 1960 to 1968, being obtained by 13 survevs, spring and autumn twice a year. The sample of size each survey was 3,541, 2,251, or 200 in the other 11 surveys. Multiple correlation coefficient between the estimated value A^^〜 and the actual value A is 0.951. The table 2^* shows the contribution indexes of each factor by 3 kinds of expression-(1) Range : the absolute difference between the maximum and the minimum category values, (2) Standard deviations of the category values, (3) Partial correlation coefficient : the relationship between the actual values A and each factors. *see the table 2 in the thesis in Japanese. [2] The important point was in the determination of the values of , . is the sum of the marks obtained in each design element, classified into four kinds : =_1+_2+_3+_. design elements [table] _1, _2, _3, _, these values have the grades, as 0, 1, 2, 3, and 0 is given to the design that has no attractive effect or no applicable element. And obtain the marks of 0 to grades as the sum of them. The values of have also grades, 0 to . The principles to determine the values of , are as follows : a) The marks obtained of , must be the relative values among the each survey, and at the same time, they must have constancy within the same survey-the same elements of design must win the same marks obtained. b) They must be determined as to win the highest multiple correlation coefficient, when they are put into the estimation formula. ) They must be reasonable. In order to justify them, we must carry many researches on the actual condition. The frequency of accurence of each grade of , values, as the table -, and - in the thesis in Japanese.

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Eight new sterols, , 8α-epidioxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-6, -dien-3β-ol (1), 3β, , -trihydroxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-, -dien-6-one (2), 3β, , -trihydroxy-(24S)-ergost--en-6-one (3), 3β, , , 14α-tetrahydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -dien-6-one (), (, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, , 6α, -tetrol (), , -epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -dien-6-one (6), , -epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(24S)-ergost--en-6-one () and , 6α-epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-8, -diene-3β, , 14α-triol (8), have been isolated from five edible mushrooms, Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pholiota nameko together with fifteen known ones (-23), of which two (16 and 17) are reported for the first time from a fungal source. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.

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