In the first part of the present work the interaction of glycophorin with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) is studied by freeze fracture electron microscopy, densitometry, calorimetry, and ° static light scattering. An exothermic lipid/protein interaction energy of W_P=190 kJ•mol^-1 was found by application of the well known Van Laar relation for the displacement of the freezing point and the Gibbs-Duhem relationship. Secondly, the effects of Ca²⁺ on the lipid/protein interaction were studied. Following Ca²⁺ addition a remarkable decoupling of the interaction of the glycophorin head group with the bilayer surface was revealed by densitometry and gold-labeling electron microscopy. It is estimated that about 80% of lipid once disturbed by the adsorption of glycophorin head groups is decoupled after addition of Ca²⁺. Thirdly, the selective interaction of glycophorin with binary lipid mixtures was studied, including the mixtures of DMPC with dimyristoylphosphatidylserine (DMPS) and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), and the mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with DLPC.

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Background: Oxidative stress, the imbalance between pro- and antioxidants, has been implicated in the etiology and pathophysiology of the incidence and mortality of many diseases. We aim to investigate the relations of dietary intakes of vitamin C and

and main carotenoids with all-cause mortality in Japanese men and women.

Methods: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk had

,795 men and 35,539 women, aged 40–79 years at baseline (1988–1990), who completed a valid food frequency questionnaire and were followed up to the end of 2009.

Results: There were

,179 deaths in men and 5,355 deaths in women during the median follow-up of 18.9 years for men and 19.4 years for women. Multivariate hazard ratios for the highest versus lowest quintile intakes in women were 0.83 (% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–0.; P for trend < 0.0001) for vitamin C, 0. (% CI, 0.78–0.93; P for trend < 0.0001) for vitamin , 0.88 (% CI, 0.81–0.96; P for trend = 0.0006) for β-carotene, and 0. (% CI, 0.82–0.98; P for trend = 0.0002) for β-cryptoxanthin. The joint effect of any two of these highly correlated micronutrients showed significant 12–17% reductions in risk in the high-intake group compared with the low-intake group in women. These significant associations were also observed in the highest quintile intakes of vitamin C, vitamin , and β-carotene in female non-smokers but were not observed in female smokers, male smokers, and non-smokers.

Conclusions: Higher dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins may reduce the risk of all-cause mortality in middle-aged Japanese women, especially female non-smokers.

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BACKGROUND: Although the average age of onset of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is at around 50 years, the onset of the symptoms is insidious and the progression is very slow. The etiology of OPLL has not been elucidated in detail. Previous studies have suggested that a high-salt diet and low consumption of animal protein, glucose intolerance and high body mass are risk factors for OPLL. However, there is little information about the relationship between OPLL and life styles in the prime of life (between 30 and 50 years).
METHODS: To facilitate early prediction and prevention of OPLL, we analyzed life styles such as sleeping habit, physical exercise, smoking, alcohol drinking and hangover in subjects in the prime of life. Self-administered questionnaires were obtained from patients with OPLL and their sex- and age-matched controls. Sixty-nine patients diagnosed with OPLL within 3 years previously and 138 sex- and age-matched controls without backbone diseases, randomly selected from participants in a health checkup in a local town, were enrolled.
RESULT: Moderate amount of sleep (- hours vs. 5 hours or shorter and 9 hours or longer; odds ratio [OR] = 0.18, % confidence interval [CI] = 0.06, 0.54) and a regular sleeping habit (i.., going to bed and getting up at regular time) (OR=0.44, % CI=0., 0.) were associated with a decreased risk of OPLL even after adjusting for other factors. On the other hand, moderate physical exercise (once a week or more v.s. less than once a week: OR=0., % CI=0.42, 2.26), smoking (OR=1.41, % CI=0.67, 2.), drinking (OR=1.08, % CI=0.53, 2.20) and hangover (OR=1.12, % CI=0.43, 2.94) in the prime of life showed no correlation with risk of OPLL.
CONCLUSION: Good sleeping habits in the prime of life may decrease the risk of OPLL.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-7,-diene-3β,5α,-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC3T3-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,5α,-triol (4), 7-dehydrocholesterol (5) and cholecalciferol () were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3-1 cells were increased 3.0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2, 3, 5 and did not induce MC3T3-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-5 and/or C- of 1 and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC3T3-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroid hormones that are essential for normal plant growth and development. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play crucial roles in BR biosynthesis from campesterol to brassinolide, in which many oxygenations at steroidal skeleton and side-chain structure occur. Recent molecular genetic studies for BR-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis, rice, tomato and garden pea have identified several P450 genes (CYPA, A, B, C, D, and 724B) so far. Among the BR-biosynthetic P450 genes, only CYPAs have been characterized by functional expression in yeast cells, revealing that these enzymes catalyze the C- oxidations. Recently, we have characterized CYPB1 functionally expressed in . coli and found that CYPB1 predominantly catalyzes the C- hydroxylation of campesterol in the early C- hydroxylation pathway. Here, we report biochemical characterization of a P450, C-23 hydroxylase. The P450 was expressed in insect cells using a baculovirus expression system. The P450 activity was measured in an in vitro assay reconstituted with NADPH : cytochrome P450 reductase, and the reaction products were analyzed by GC-MS. The P450 catalyzed the C-23 hydroxylation of -deoxocathasterone and cathasterone to -deoxoteasterone and teasterone, respectively. We have also determined the substrate specificity of the C-23 hydroxylase. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the biochemical characterization of the C-23 hydroxylation by the P450.

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Stroke patients with unknown time of onset have been previously excluded from intravenous thrombolysis. To determine whether intravenous alteplase is safe and effective in these patients, four randomized controlled trials were performed in the world ; WAKE–UP, EXTEND, ECASS 4, and our THAWS (Thrombolysis for Acute Wake–Up and Unclear–Onset Strokes With Alteplase at 0.

mg/kg). THAWS was an investigator–initiated, multicenter, randomized, open–label, blinded–endpoint trial. Patients met the standard indication criteria for intravenous thrombolysis other than a time last–known–well >4.5h (.g., wake–up stroke). Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive alteplase at 0.mg/kg or standard medical treatment if MRI showed acute ischemic lesion on diffusion–weighted imaging and no marked corresponding hyperintensity on FLAIR (DWI–FLAIR mismatch). The primary outcome was a favorable outcome (–day modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1). For 131 patients (55 women, age 74.4±12.2 years), favorable outcome was comparable between the alteplase group (47.1%) and the control group (48.3%, relative risk 0., % confidence interval 0.68–1.41). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within –36h occurred in 1 patient and none, respectively. In a sub–analysis, favorable outcome was more common in the alteplase group than in the control group in patients with DWI–ASPECTS 5– (relative risk 4.75, % confidence interval 1.33–30.2) and tended to be more common in patients with core volume >.4mL (.15, 0.87–43.64). In a systematic review and meta–analysis of individual patient data of the above four trials, a favorable outcome was more common in the alteplase group than in the control group (47% vs. 39%, adjusted odds ratio 1.50, % confidence interval 1.10–2.04). In the current guidelines, intravenous thrombolysis is eligible for unknown onset stroke patients with a DWI–FLAIR or perfusion mismatch.

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The assessment of non-invasive parameters for the prediction of large esophageal varices among patients with liver cirrhosisis is of utmost importance. In this study, non-invasive parameters for prediction of large esophageal varices were retrospectively evaluated. The presence of esophageal varices grade III and IV was classified as large esophageal varices positive while no varices or grade I and II were classified as large esophageal varices negative. There were 473 (

.09%) patients with ascites [mild 38 (.03%), moderate 257 (54.33%) and severe 178 (37.63%)]. Frequency of esophageal varices was found to be higher (n=415, 79.04%). Whereas, large esophageal varices were found in 251 (47.81%) patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value, negative predicted value and test accuracy of thrombocytopenia in predicting large esophageal varices were found to be 88.05%, 59.%, 66.77%, 84.54% and 73.33% respectively. A significant association for large esophageal varices was observed for low platelet counts (AOR : 0.98, % CI : 0.-0.99), high bilirubin level (AOR : 1., % CI : 1.07-1.39), ascites (AOR : 1.98, CI : 1.02-3.) and Child score A (AOR : 0.26, % CI : 0.09-0.75) and Child Score B (AOR : 0.42, % CI : 0.28-0.61). In conclusion, low platelet count, high bilirubin level and ascites are found to be non-invasive predictive factor for large esophageal varices. J. Med. Invest. 66 : 248-251, August, 2019

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Objective To compare the efficacy of sequential therapy, concomitant therapy and hybrid therapy for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.
Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and CNKI were searched up to the end of May 10, 2014 in order to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the effects of sequential therapy, concomitant therapy and hybrid therapy on H. pylori eradication. The relative risk (RR) of eradicating H. pylori infection after sequential therapy compared with concomitant therapy or hybrid therapy was pooled. The eradication rates were considered both on an intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) basis.
Results A total of 10 RCTs involving 3,501 patients were included. The pooled data suggested that the differences between the three groups were not statistically significant (ITT analysis: sequential therapy vs. concomitant therapy: RR=1.01, %confidence interval (CI): 0.-1.04, sequential therapy vs. hybrid therapy: RR=1.02, %CI: 0.-1., concomitant therapy vs. hybrid therapy: RR=1.03, %CI: 0.-1.08; PP analysis: sequential therapy vs. concomitant therapy: RR=1.00, %CI: 0.96-1.03, sequential therapy vs. hybrid therapy: RR=0., %CI: 0.86-1.09, concomitant therapy vs. hybrid therapy: RR=1.01, %CI: 0.93-1.10). In the ITT and PP analyses, the overall eradication rates were 84.3% (%CI: 79.1-89.4) and 86.4% (%CI: 81.7-91.0) for the sequential therapy group, 86.7% (%CI: 81.0-92.3) and 89.% (%CI: .1-94.5) for the concomitant therapy group and 86.% (%CI: 82.3-91.0) and 92.7% (%CI: .5-94.9) for the hybrid therapy group, respectively. There were no significant differences among these therapies in terms of the rate of side effects.
Conclusion The pooled evidence suggests that sequential therapy, concomitant therapy and hybrid therapy are similar with respect to the treatment of H. pylori infection.

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The amounts and compositions of wax esters (WE) in various tissues of the forked hake Laemonema longipes were examined. Liver specimens containing copious amounts of lipids (72.9%) were composed almost entirely of WE (87.4%). Flesh and ovary samples contained small amounts of lipids (0.4% and 1.4%) with lower WE content (1.9 % and 13.1%, respectively). WE in the tissue lipids was found to consist mostly of C₃₈, C₃₆, C₄₀, C₃₄ and C₄₂ components (.0-.9%) in the carbon chain lengths. Fatty alcohols originating in WE were essentially monoenoic (89.0-.1%) with the predominant components being :1 (54.0-60.9%) and 20:1 (26.7-28.1%) alcohols. Each of the monoenoic fatty alcohols comprised their isomers, and the more abundant components were :1n-11 (49.1-54.%) and 20:1n-11 (21.1-.1%) alcohols. Component fatty acids in WE from liver lipids were more monoenoic (71.%) with 18:1n-9 (20.4%), :1n-11 (13.4%) and 16:1n-7 (11.%) acids. Highly purified WE was separated from liver lipids adsorbed on silicic acid or activated aluminum oxide with n-hexane.

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Background: Exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (EIPH) can be caused not only by pulmonary vasculopathy, but also by a significant increase in left ventricular (LV) filling pressure. This study evaluated the influence of LV diastolic function on EIPH in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).
Methods: The study included 222 SSc patients (age 58.9 ± 13.1 years, % female) and 30 controls with similar age distribution. In all patients, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) and the ratio of early diastolic transmitral flow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (/’), as an index of LV filling pressure, were measured before and after exercise Doppler echocardiography using a Master’s two-step.
Results: The patients with SSc were classified into either the non-EIPH (SPAP < 50 mmHg, n = 123, 56%) or EIPH (SPAP ≥ 50 mmHg, n = , 44%) group. No significant change from /’ at rest to /’ post exercise was found in the controls (. and 9.), whereas significant changes were found in the non-EIPH (.7 and 9.5 p < 0.0001) and EIPH groups (10.3 and 12., p < 0.0001). In addition, significant differences in /’ at rest and post exercise were found between the non-EIPH and EIPH groups (p <0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age (odds ratio, 1.036; % confidence interval, 1.015–1.058, p < 0.0001) and /’ (odds ratio, 1.154; % confidence interval, 1.066–1.246, p < 0.0001) as independent predictors of EIPH.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that approximately one third of SSc patients have EIPH. LV diastolic function might be associated with EIPH in patients with SSc.

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Background/Aim Ecabet sodium has an anti-H. pylori effect. We assessed the efficacy of ecabet sodium in the rescue therapy for the eradication of H. pylori.
Methods A total of 74 patients with failed eradication of H. pylori after triple therapy with lansoprazole 30 mg bid, amoxicillin 750 mg bid and clarithromycin 200 mg bid were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to the three treatment groups as follows: LAC, lansoprazole 30 mg + amoxicillin 750 mg + clarithromycin 200 mg bid for 1 week; LAC2, lansoprazole 30 mg bid + amoxicillin 750 mg bid + clarithromycin 200 mg bid + ecabet sodium 2 g bid for 1 week; and LA2, lansoprazole 30 mg bid + amoxicillin 750 mg bid + ecabet sodium 2 g bid for 2 weeks. Eradication of H. pylori was assessed by the 13C-urea breath test after treatment.
Results Eradication rates in intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were 20.0% (% CI: .-40.7) and 20.0% (.-40.7) with LAC, respectively, and 16.0% (4.5-36.1) and 17.4% (5.0-38.) with LAC2. In contrast, respective rates with LA2 were 75% (53.3-.2) and .7% (63.7-.0), which were significantly higher than those with LAC (p<0.001 for both ITT and PP) and LAC2 (p<0.001 for both ITT and PP).
Conclusion Triple therapy with ecabet sodium, lansoprazole and amoxicillin for 2 weeks was effective as the rescue therapy after failure of the standard clarithromycin-based regimen.

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1987年7月より1992年10月までに東京女子医科大学病院呼吸器センター外科で入院治療を受けた特発性自然気胸症例163例(延べ182回)を検討の対象とした.初回発症例は例 (回),再発症例は44例 (63回),対側発症例例 (回)であった.男性145例 (159回),女性18例 (23回)と男性が87%を占め,年齢分布は39歳以下が%を占めていた.患側は左側91回,右側回で左右差はなく,両側同時発症は1回のみであった.選択した治療法は安静のみ2回,持続ドレナージ38回,胸膜癒着剤注入2回,手術140回(開胸手術134回,胸腔鏡下手術回)であった.治療後の再発率は安静のみ1/2回 (50%),持続ドレナージ10/38回 (26.3%),手術4/140回 (2.9%)であった.入院日数は安静のみ例で平均4.0日,持続ドレナージ例で5.5日,手術例は開胸手術例10.5日(術後入院日数7.9日),胸腔鏡下手術例.3日(術後入院日数.5日)であった.

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Thermal, dielectric, X-ray and optical investigations of Tl₂SeO₄ were carried out above room temperature. It was found that Tl₂SeO₄ undergoes an improper ferroelastic phase transition at 388°C, and has spontaneous strain a_s=(-)/2 = 1. × 10^-2 at room temperature. Tl₂SeO₄ shows domain structures composed of three kinds of orientations with two types of domain boundaries. The crystal belongs to the space group P6₃/mmc with the hexagonal unit cell parameters of a_h=.295() Å and c_h=.189(5) Å at 410°C . It was deduced that the improper ferroelastic phase transition is characterized by the symmetry change from P6₃/mmc to Pnam.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability and subsequent developmental ability of murine germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes ultrarapidly vitrified after step-wise exposure to cryoprotectants (CPAs). Oocytes were transferred to a vitrification solution composed of 15% ethylene glycol, 15% dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.5 M sucrose in a direct manner (non-preequilibrium) or in a step-wise manner (single-, two-, or ten-step preequilibrium). After ultrarapid vitrification and storage in liquid nitrogen, the oocytes were thawed, washed by diluting the CPAs in five steps, and then subjected to in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture. In the non-preequilibrium group, the rates of post-thawed oocytes surviving, maturing to metaphase-II, developing to blastocysts and to hatching/hatched blastocysts were 91., 87.1, 15.9 and 2.3%, respectively. In the single- and two-step groups, the corresponding rates were .0-98.2%, 92.2-.0%, .0-29.4% and .-15.%, whereas in the ten-step group they were 98.2, 91., 38. and .%, respectively. In the non-vitrified control group, the rates of oocytes maturing to metaphase-II, developing to blastocysts and to hatching/hatched blastocysts were .2, 75.2 and 51.5%, respectively. The present study shows that the ultrarapid vitrification of murine GV oocytes by a step-wise manner involving 10 steps preequilibrium may have an advantage in maintaining the viability and subsequent production of blastocysts.

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Our modified Phemister procedure (4 in 1 procedure) composed of coracoclavicular ligament repair, Kirschner wire fixation of the acromioclavicular joint, acromioclavicular ligament repair and overlapped suture of deltoid and trapezium muscle in 1 incision. Kirschner wires were removed between and 10 weeks after the surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the results of our 4 in 1 procedure for acromioclavicular dislocation. 37 cases with Rockwood classification Types III to V acromioclavicular dislocation had been operated at Saiseikai Kanagawaken Hospital and Shizuoka Red Cross Hospital from 2000 to 2006. The average age at operation was 39. years old (17 - 63 years old). The clinical results were evaluated by the Japan Shoulder Society (JSS) score for acromioclavicular dislocation. Using anteroposterior roentgenographic views, rates of acromioclavicular dislocation, coraco-clavicular distances, acromioclavicular osteoarthritis and ossification of the coracoclavicular ligament were evaluated. These factors were examined statistically by using nonparametric tests. The postoperative JSS scores (Type III/Type IV/Type V) were .(93-100)/86.0(82-)/.9(82-100)(p>0.05). Acromioclavicular dislocation rates (Type III /Type IV/Type V) after the removal of K-wires were .89 % (0-.2)/28.% (0-57.1)/32.5%(0-83.3)(p>0.05). Coracoclavicular distances(Type III/Type IV/Type V) after the removal of K-wires were .7%(30.0-125)/133%(.7-180)/141%(57.1-257)(p>0.05). Ossification of coracoclavicular ligament (Type III/Type IV/Type V) were observed 16.7%/50.0%/44.% (p>0.05). Acromioclavicular osteoarthritis (Type III/Type IV/Type V) were observed 33.3 %/50.0%/34.5% (p>0.05). The clinical results of 4 in 1 procedure were satisfactory. But there is necessity to reconsider the term, the location and the technique of K-wire fixation.

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Chemical synthesis of (, 24R)- and (, 24S)-1, 24-dihydroxy--vitamin D₃ has been achieved starting with the commercially available dinorcholenic acid acetate. Synthesis involved introduction of the 1-hydroxy group by a reduction of the 1, 2-epoxide generated by epoxidation of the 1, 4, -trien-3-one. The side chain on the steroid was then constructed by means of a Wittig reaction followed by introduction of the Δ⁷ bond by standard methods and its protection with 1-phenyl-1, 2, 4-triazoline-3, 5-dione. Subsequent reduction of the hydroxy groups in the steroid side chain followed by reduction of the Diels-Alder addition products yielded the both 24-isomers. The 5, 7-dienes were irradiated and the corresponding vitamin D compounds isolated. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to identify individual isomers. The (, 24S)-1, 24-hydroxyvitamin D₃ compound bound equally well to the chick intestinal cytosol receptor as 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, while the 24R-isomer was approximately ten times less active. In vivo, both isomers were less active than 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ ; however, the 24S-isomer was considerably more active than the 24R-isomer approaching the activity of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃.

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