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(
22E
, 24S)
5α
-Stigmasta-3,
22
-dien-
6
-one: An Intermediate of the Isomerization of (
22E
, 24S)-3α,
5
-Cyclo-
5α
-stigmast-
22
-en-
6
-one into (
22E
, 24S)-
5α
-Stigmasta-2,
22
-dien-
6
-one

Suguru TAKATSUTO, Kiyomi KOBAYASHI, Tsuyoshi WATANABE, Hiroki KURIYAMA, Tokuo FURUSE

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
1988年 52 巻 12 号 3217-3218
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2006/04/05

DOI https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.52.3217

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An Efficient Preparation of (
22E
, 24S)-
5α
-Stigmasta-2,
22
-dien-
6
-one from (
22E
, 24S)-3α,
5
-Cyclo-
5α
-stigmast-
22
-en-
6
-one

Tsuyoshi WATANABE, Hiroki KURIYAMA, Tokuo FURUSE, Kiyomi KOBAYASHI, Suguru TAKATSUTO

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
1988年 52 巻 8 号 2117-2118
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2006/04/05

DOI https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.52.2117

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Optical Energy-Levels of Cu⁺

Yosizo YAMAMOTO

Nippon Sugaku-Buturigakkwai Kizi Dai 3 Ki
1940年 22 巻 12 号 1048-1052
発行日: 1940年
公開日: 2009/06/09

DOI https://doi.org/10.11429/ppmsj1919.22.12_1048

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The numerical values of the intervals betrween optieal levels are competed for the configurations
1s²2s²2p⁸3s²3p⁸3
*^{94s
, 5
s, 6
s and 7s of Cu⁺, according to the general expression of energy-levels derived in the previous paper The self-consistent field radial functions computed by Hartree adn Hartree are used for1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p and 3d. Those of 4s, 5
s, e.s and are ealenlated from Hartree Hartree's core-functions by the numerical integrations. The calculated results are shown in Table I.The agreement with experiment is satisfactory
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Angiographic Determination of Left and Right Ventricular Volumes and Left Ventricular Mass in Normal Infants and Children

TOMOHARU AKIBA, MITSURU NAKASATO, SATOSHI SATO, ATSUKO KIKAI

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine
1995年 177 巻 2 号 153-160
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2006/08/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.177.153

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AKIBA, T., NAKASATO, M., SATO, S. and KIKAI, A. Angiographic Determination of Left and Right Ventricular Volumes and Left Ventricular Mass in Normal Infants and Children. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1995, 177 (2), 153-160-Left and right ventricular (LV and RV) volumes and LV mass were assessed by angiography in 63 infants and children without major cardiovascular abnormalities. LV and RV end-diastolic volumes (EDV) were excellently expressed as a function of body surface area (BSA) with an exponential equation: LVEDV=
83
.7 (BSA)^1.29ml (r=0.
96
, p<0.001), RVEDV=87.
9
(BSA)^1.29ml (r=0.
94
, p<0.001). LV ejection fraction (
E
F) averaged 64±
6
( mean±standard deviation) %, and RVEF 56±
5
%, each of which was independent of BSA. LV mass was well expressed as a function of BSA with an exponential equation: LV mass=75.4 (BSA)^{1.22g
(r=0.86, p< 0.001). LV mass/LVEDV was constant, and averaged 0.96
±0.22g/ml. Thus, the values of LVEDV, RVEDV, and LV mass in infants and children with various heart diseases may be estimated with reasonable accuracy as a percentage of normal values predicted from their BSA by using the above-proposed exponential equations. The normal values of LVEF, RVEF and LV mass/LVEDV themselves can be compared with these parameters in pediatric patients with heart diseases because of their independence of BSA.-ventricular volumes; ejection fraction; left ventricular mass; angiography; normal infants and children
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Stimulative Effects of (
22E
,24R)-Ergosta-7,
22
-diene-3β,
5α
,
6β
-triol from Fruiting Bodies of Tricholoma auratum, on a Mouse Osteoblastic Cell Line, MC3T3-
E
1

Keishi Hata, Fuyuki Sugawara, Naganori Ohisa, Saori Takahashi, Kazuyuki Hori

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
2002年 25 巻 8 号 1040-1044
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2002/08/01

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.25.1040

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-
E
1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3-
E
1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (
22E
,24R)-ergosta-7,
22
-diene-3β,
5α
,
6β
-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC3T3-
E
1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3-
E
1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,
5α
,
6β
-triol (4), 7-dehydrocholesterol (
5
) and cholecalciferol (
6
) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3-
E
1 cells were increased 3.0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2, 3,
5
and
6
did not induce MC3T3-
E
1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-
5
and/or C-
6
of 1 and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3-
E
1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC3T3-
E
1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.
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Synthesis of Dolicholide from (
22E
, 24R)-3α,
5
-Cyclo-
5α
-ergost-
22
-en-
6
-one

Suguru TAKATSUTO

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
1988年 52 巻 9 号 2361-2363
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2006/04/05

DOI https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.52.2361

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右房室弁の形態学的検索

その所属腱索および乳頭筋について

島田博

日本医科大学雑誌
1981年 48 巻 6 号 779-789
発行日: 1981/12/15
公開日: 2010/10/14

DOI https://doi.org/10.1272/jnms1923.48.779

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Although there have been numerous articles concerning the anatomy of the atrioventricular valve in man, only a few publications have recorded the relationship between the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship among the shape and size of the atrioventricular valve, the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles. 50 subjects, as listed in Table 1, were analyzed by the Taniya-Hashimoto Method.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) The right atrioventricular valve was classified into two types: 33 cases (66%) of three irregularly shaped cusps, i.
e
. type I, and 17 cases (34%) of four or five cusps, i.
e
. type II.
2) The average circumference of the right atrioventricular orifice (ostium atrioventriculare dextrum) was 11.
96
cm (
9
.63.15.06cm) in type I and 12.19cm (
9
.52.15.
22
cm) in type H. There existed no significant difference in the circumference of the atrioventricular orifice between type I and II.
3) The average length of the cusp-fundus (the length of the fixed margin of the cusp) was as follows:
type I: anterior cusp…………4.13cm (2.03-
6
.
96
cm)
posterior cusp…………3.62cm (1.21-
5
.44cm)
septalcusp……………4.21cm (3.11-
6
.08cm)
type II: anterior cusp…………4.10cm (2.68-
5
.42cm)
posterior cusp…………3.67cm (0.
94
-
5
.70cm)
septal cusp……………4.43cm (2.
96
-
6
.53cm)
4) The average width of the cusp (the maximum distance between the apex and the fundus of the cusp) was as follows:
type I: anterior cusp…………1.86cm (1.26-2.29cm)
posterior cusp…………1.62cm (0.62-2.
94
cm)
septal cusp……………1.76cm (1.15-2.72 cm)
type II: anterior cusp…………1.92cm (1.40-2.34cm)
posterior cusp…………1.72cm (0.
94
-2.42cm)
septal cusp……………1.84cm (1.14-2.53cm)
The length or width of the cusp in type I was similar to that in type II.
5
) The papillary muscles consisted of five groups, which were named the anterior, postlateral, postmedial, postseptal and septal muscles. The average number of the papillary muscles per right ventricle was
5
.7 (2.0.
9
.0). The chordae tendineae from the anterior papillarymuscles were attached to the anterior and posterior cusps and those from the postlateral and postmedial muscles were attached to the posterior and septal cusps. The chordae tendineae from the postseptal muscles were linked only to the septal cusp and those from the septal muscles were connected to the septal and anterior cusps.
6
) The average number of the stems of the chordae tendineae from the papillary muscles were as follows:
From the anterior papillary muscles………7.2 (2.0-14.0)
the postlateral papillary muscles……3.
5
(1.0-8.0)
the postmedial papillary muscles……4.0 (1.0-8.0) the postseptal papillary muscles……4.
5
(1.0-13.0) the septal papillary muscles………
5
.7 (2.0-12.0)
The average n umber of the stems of the chordae tendineae per right ventricle was 24.4 (16.0-35.0).
7) The tip of the chordae tendineae are attached to the fixed margin of the valve cusp, i.
e
. type A, to the ventricular surface, i.
e
. type B and to the free margin, i.
e
. type C. The average number of them were 23.4 (14.0-32.0) in type A, 19.2 (4.0-37.0) in type B and 68.1 (31.0-105.0) in type C. The average number of the apexes of the chordae tendineae per right ventricle was 110.7 (53.0-166.0).
8) The average number of the chordae tendineae for the anterior cusp was 34.
9
(12.0-64.0), for the posterior cusp 30.
5
(
5
.0-65.0) and for the septal cusp 45.3 (23.0-68.0).
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Interaction of Glycophorin with Lipid Bilayer Studied by Calorimetry, Densitometry, Static Light Scattering, and Electron Microscopy

Sen-fang Sui, Erich Sackmann

The Journal of Biochemistry
1992年 111 巻 1 号 129-138
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/11/18

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In the first part of the present work the interaction of glycophorin with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) is studied by freeze fracture electron microscopy, densitometry, calorimetry, and 90° static light scattering. An exothermic lipid/protein interaction energy of W_P=190 kJ•mol^-1 was found by application of the well known Van Laar relation for the displacement of the freezing point and the Gibbs-Duhem relationship. Secondly, the effects of Ca²⁺ on the lipid/protein interaction were studied. Following Ca²⁺ addition a remarkable decoupling of the interaction of the glycophorin head group with the bilayer surface was revealed by densitometry and gold-labeling electron microscopy. It is estimated that about 80% of lipid once disturbed by the adsorption of glycophorin head groups is decoupled after addition of Ca²⁺. Thirdly, the selective interaction of glycophorin with binary lipid mixtures was studied, including the mixtures of DMPC with dimyristoylphosphatidylserine (DMPS) and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), and the mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with DLPC.
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腹腔内注入による下痢性貝毒のマウステストにおける遊離不飽和脂肪酸の毒性

高木徹, 林賢治, 板橋豊

日本水産学会誌
1984年 50 巻 8 号 1413-1418
発行日: 1984/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29

DOI https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.50.1413

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The acetone extracts from three samples of the hepatopancreas of the poisonous scallops obtained on the Okhotsk Coast of Hokkaido Island were fractionated into two parts, hexane soluble fraction (fraction H) and 85% aqueous ethanol soluble fraction (fraction
E
) by partition to two layers. The majortoxic components in the mouse assay of “diarrheic shellfish toxin” by intra-peritoneal injection were found to be free unsaturated fatty acids showed the following toxicity in MU per g, 18:1 n-
9
35, 18:2 n-
6

83
, 18:3 n-3 167, 18:4 n-3
83
, 20:
5
n-3 167, and
22
:
6
n-3
83
, respectively. Toxicity of the fraction Hin MUper g was much lower than that of the fraction
E
. However, the toxicity of the fraction H per 1 g of the hepatopancreas was about twice that of the fraction
E
, since the fraction Hwas much more abundant than the fraction
E
in the hepatopancreas. The method for the assay of the diarrhetic shellfish toxin must be reexamined by considering the toxic effect of the free unsaturated fatty acids.
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Geophysical Study of Two Seamounts near Minami-Tori Sima (Marcus) Island, Western Pacific Ocean

Yoshio UEDA

Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity
1988年 40 巻 12 号 1481-1501
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2010/09/14

DOI https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.40.1481

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Sea-bottom topography, magnetic and gravity anomaly maps were compiled for two seamounts, Smt-948 (23.7°N, 151.
9
°
E
) and Smt-1100 (
22
.8°N, 153.4°
E
) in the vicinity of Minami-Tori Sima (Marcus) Island based on survey data observed by the S/V Takuyo of the Hydrographic Department of Japan from July to August, 1985. These flat-topped seamounts are located in the Jurassic magnetic quiet zone on crust older than 150Ma. On Smt-1100, sea bottom photographs were taken with a deep-sea camera and three dredge hauls were made. Three-dimensional magnetic analyses of Smt-948 gave a paleomagnetic pole position of 57.
5
°N, 329.
5
°
E
with the goodness-of-fit ratio 2.
83
. The pole position lies in the Pacific apparent polar wander path between the Late Jurassic (150Ma) and the Late Cretaceous (65-
94
Ma). This result implies that Smt-948 was generated in the middle Cretaceous, a significant period after the formation of the Jurassic sea-floor. Two-dimensional modeling of magnetic and gravity anomalies across these seamounts reveal a caldera-like basement structure, suggesting a constructional origin of the flat top of the guyot. A sequence of normal and reversed magnetic polarity layers is estimated from magnetic modeling on Smt-1100.
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e
-
22
. The Effects of
5
-FU against Brain Tumors

Kazuo TAKEUCHI, Masayuki ATSUCHI, Shoji ODA, Minoru JINBO, Takeshi MASUI, Motohide OGASHIWA

Neurologia medico-chirurgica
1968年 10 巻 132-133
発行日: 1968年
公開日: 2007/08/17

DOI https://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.10.132

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喉頭癌104例の臨床統計

井上庸夫, 石崎智子, 徳丸晶子, 狩野信和, 大出茂典, 三須俊宏, 三輪正人, 渡邊建介

日本気管食道科学会会報
2004年 55 巻 6 号 446-453
発行日: 2004年
公開日: 2007/08/24

DOI https://doi.org/10.2468/jbes.55.446

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当科における喉頭癌症例の臨床統計的検討を行った。
1985年から1997年の間に，当科で治療し
5
年以上経過観察できた104名を対象とした。年齢は39～82歳（平均61.8歳），男女比は14：1（男性97名，女性7名）であった。原発部位別分類は声門上癌23名(
22
.1%)，声門癌75名(72.1%)，声門下癌
6
名(
5
.8%)で，病期別分類はI期が52名(50.0%)，II期が27名(26.0%)，III期が10名(
9
.
6
%)，IV期が15名(14.4%)であった。
5
年生存率は全体が86.
5
%，原発部位別では声門上癌60.
9
%，声門癌
94
.7%，声門下癌
83
.3%で，病期別分類はI期が
96
.2%，II期が92.
6
%，III期が100%，IV期が33.3%であった。予後不良症例はI期・II期では声門上癌，N分類ではN2・N3症例の比率が高かった。I期・II期の声門上癌，N分類のN2・N3症例に対しては化学療法を積極的に取り入れることが必要であると思われた。
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抗生物質の生体内動態に関する基礎的研究

第1編血清蛋白との結合について

橋本孝夫

CHEMOTHERAPY
1973年 21 巻 1 号 38-44
発行日: 1973/01/25
公開日: 2011/03/08

DOI https://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.21.38

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The binding of penicillin G and other 29 antibiotics to the bovine plasma proteins, a part of the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics, was investigated by the ultrafiltrating technique at 4°C.
As the rates of the binding, inactivation, recovery and binding activity, following values were obtained in order : 64.
9
to 82. 7%, 11.
96
to 56. 85%, 7. 77 to 25. 75% and 8.
9
to 34. 11% in penicillin antibiotics; 0 to 61. 4%, 0 to 10. 66%, 0. 49 to 12. 8% and 14. 91 to 41. 72% in glycoside antibiotics; 91. 0 to 99.
9
%, 16. 0 to 46. 19%, 44. 98 to 71. 01% and 4. 33 to 21. 06% in tetracycline antibiotics; 55.
22
to
94
. 1%,
5
. 37 to 57. 36%, 1. 32 to 31.
5
% and
9
. 66 to 40. 65% in macrolide antibiotics; and 72.
6
to 95. 68%, 14. 34 to 51. 85%, 8. 19 to 30. 12%, and 17. 28 to 41. 54% in chloramphenicol antibiotics, respectively.
Optimum pH of the binding of antibiotics to the plasma proteins was in the range
5
. 0 to 8. 0, i.
e
. 8. 0 in penicillin antibiotics,
5
. 0 in glycoside antibiotics, 7. 0 to 8. 0 in tetracycline antibiotics,
6
. 0 to 7. 0 in macrolide antibiotics, and 7. 0 to 8. 0 in chloramphenicol antibiotics, respectively.
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Sterol Constituents from Five Edible Mushrooms

Yasunori YAOITA, Keiko AMEMIYA, Hiroyuki OHNUMA, Katsuyuki FURUMURA, Akihiro MASAKI, Toshihiko MATSUKI, Masao KIKUCHI

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1998年 46 巻 6 号 944-950
発行日: 1998/06/15
公開日: 2008/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.46.944

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Eight new sterols,
5α
, 8α-epidioxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-23-methylergosta-
6
,
22
-dien-3β-ol (1), 3β,
5α
,
9α
-trihydroxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-23-methylergosta-7,
22
-dien-
6
-one (2), 3β,
5α
,
9α
-trihydroxy-(24S)-ergost-7-en-
6
-one (3), 3β,
5α
,
9α
, 14α-tetrahydroxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-ergosta-7,
22
-dien-
6
-one (4), (
22
E
, 24R)-ergosta-7,
22
-diene-3β,
5α
,
6α
,
9α
-tetrol (
5
),
5α
,
9α
-epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-ergosta-7,
22
-dien-
6
-one (
6
),
5α
,
9α
-epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(24S)-ergost-7-en-
6
-one (7) and
5α
,
6α
-epoxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-ergosta-8,
22
-diene-3β, 7β, 14α-triol (8), have been isolated from five edible mushrooms, Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pholiota nameko together with fifteen known ones (
9
-23), of which two (16 and 17) are reported for the first time from a fungal source. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.
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22
a-
E
-
9
flavor混合力の性質

伊藤大介

日本物理学会講演概要集
1997年 52.2.1 巻 22a-E-9
発行日: 1997/09/02
公開日: 2018/03/04

DOI https://doi.org/10.11316/jpsgaiyo.52.2.1.0_10_4

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5α
,8α-Epidioxy-
22E
-ergosta-
6
,
9
(11),
22
-trien-3β-ol from an Edible Mushroom Suppresses Growth of HL60 Leukemia and HT29 Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells

Masuko Kobori, Mitsuru Yoshida, Mayumi Ohnishi-Kameyama, Toshiyuki Takei, Hiroshi Shinmoto

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
2006年 29 巻 4 号 755-759
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2006/04/01

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.755

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We purified a sterol with antitumor activity from the edible mushroom Sarcodon aspratus (BERK.) S. ITO and identified it as
5α
,8α-epidioxy-
22E
-ergosta-
6
,
9
(11),
22
-trien-3β-ol (
9
,11-dehydroergosterol peroxide (
9
(11)-DHEP)). Purified
9
(11)-DHEP was a more effective inhibitor of HL60 leukemia cell growth and stronger apoptosis-inducer than
5α
,8α-epidioxy-
22E
-ergosta-
6
,
22
-dien-3β-ol (ergosterol peroxide (EP)) that we had previously identified as an apoptosis inducer. Moreover,
9
(11)-DHEP selectively suppressed the growth of HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells but not WI38 normal human fibroblasts. After
5
d incubation of HT29 with 7 μM
9
(11)-DHEP, the number of S phase cells decreased from 23 to 15% of total diploid cells and 17% became hypodiploid. Expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, WAF1, Cip1) (CDKN1A), which has been shown to cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HT29 cells, was induced by
9
(11)-DHEP. These results suggest that
9
(11)-DHEP inhibits HT29 cell growth by inducing CDKN1A expression, thus causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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Sterol Constituents from Seven Mushrooms

Yasunori YAOITA, Makiko ENDO, Yoshino TANI, Kaori MACHIDA, Keiko AMEMIYA, Katsuyuki FURUMURA, Masao KIKUCHI

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
1999年 47 巻 6 号 847-851
発行日: 1999/06/15
公開日: 2008/03/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.47.847

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Six new sterols,
5α
,
6α
;8α,
9α
-diepoxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-ergost-
22
-ene-3β, 7α-diol (1),
5α
,
6α
;8α,
9α
-diepoxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-ergost-
22
-ene-3β, 7β-diol (2),
5α
,
6α
-epoxy-(
22
E
, 24R)-ergosta-8,
22
-diene-3β, 7β-diol (3), (
22
E
, 24R)-23-methylergosta-7,
22
-diene-3β,
5α
,
6β
-triol (4), (
22
E
, 24R)-23-methulergosta-7,
22
-diene-3β,
5α
,
6β
,
9α
-tetrol (
5
) and (24S)-ergost-7-ene-3β,
5α
,
6β
,
9α
-tetrol (
6
), have been isolated from seven mushrooms, Amanita pantherina, Amantia virgineoides, Lactarius piperatus, Lyophyllum shimeji, Tricholoma portentosum, Hypsizigus marmoreus and Lentinula edodes together with eighteen known ones (7-24). The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.
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Potassic-ferropargasite, a new member of the amphibole group, from Kabutoichiba, Mie Prefecture, central Japan

Yasuyuki BANNO, Ritsuro MIYAWAKI, Satoshi MATSUBARA, Eriko SATO, Izumi NAKAI, Gen-ichiro MATSUO, Shigeo YAMADA

Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences
2009年 104 巻 6 号 374-382
発行日: 2009年
公開日: 2010/01/06
[早期公開] 公開日: 2009/11/07

DOI https://doi.org/10.2465/jmps.090122

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Potassic-ferropargasite, ideally KCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Al)
Si₆Al₂O₂₂
(OH)₂, is a new member of the amphibole group occurring in a schistose calcareous hornfels from Kabutoichiba, Kameyama, Mie Prefecture, central Japan. The amphibole occurs as black subhedral to anhedral crystals, up to about 700 μm long, associated with calcite, biotite, K-feldspar, plagioclase, scapolite, chlorite and titanite. Potassic-ferropargasite is optically biaxial negative with α = 1.680(2), β = 1.690 (calc.), γ = 1.698(2) and 2V = 80-90°. The mineral is monoclinic, space group C2/m, with refined unit-cell parameters a =
9
.937(
5
), b = 18.108(
5
), c =
5
.335(4) Å, β = 105.30(3)°, V = 926.0(
9
) Å³, Z = 2. The three strongest lines in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in Å (I) hkl] are 2.72 (100) 151, 8.48 (81) 110 and 2.61 (59) 061. Electron-microprobe gave SiO₂ 38.08, TiO₂ 1.92, Al₂O₃ 15.12, Cr₂O₃ 0.44, FeO 19.
96
, MnO 0.
22
, MgO
6
.
22
, CaO 11.73, Na₂O 1.57, K₂O 2.74, F 0.13, Cl not detected, O = F + Cl -0.05, total 98.08 wt%, corresponding to (K_0.54Na_0.42)_{Σ0.96
(Ca_1.95Na_0.05)_Σ2.00(Fe²⁺_{2.59Mg_1.44Al_0.67Ti_0.22Cr_0.05Mn_0.03
)_{Σ5.00
(Si_5.91Al_2.09
)_{Σ8.00O₂₂
(OH_1.94F_0.06
)_Σ2.00 on the basis of O = 23, assuming OH + F + Cl = 2. The crystal structure of the clinoamphibole type was refined to an R of 6
.5%.
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Differences in Early Cleavage Rates of In Vitro Produced Bovine Embryos Classified According to the Completion of Their First Cleavage

Yoshiaki ITAGAKI, Naoko KIMURA, Masaya YAMANAKA, Yoshihiro MUNETA

Journal of Reproduction and Development
1997年 43 巻 1 号 53-58
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2001/10/31

DOI https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.43.53

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This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between the first cleavage division of in vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos and the following few cleavage divisions in culture. The “early-”, “intermediate-“ and “late-” cleaving embryos presented at
22
, 26 and 30 h post insemination (hpi) were cultured separately until they were fixed and stained with Hoechst 33342 at the end of each culture period (30, 48, 72,
96
and 120 hpi). Distributions of embryos that underwent the first cleavage at
22
, 26 and 30 hpi were 21.
5
, 34.7 and 10.0%, respectively. No significant difference among the mean number of cells in the 3 groups was observed until 48 hpi. At 72 hpi, the number of cells in the early-cleaving embryos (10.8 ± 0.
5
) was higher than those in the intermediate- and late-cleaving embryos (8.7 ± 0.4 and
6
.
5
± 0.
6
, respectively). Higher numbers of cells were also observed in the early-cleaving embryos (18.0 ± 1.
5
) at 120 hpi, compared with those in the intermediate- and late-cleaving embryos (12.
5
± 0.8 and 11.4 ± 1.
5
, respectively). More than 80% of the early- and intermediate-cleaving embryos had completed the second cleavage division at 48 hpi, whereas that of the late-cleaving embryos was lower (56.
5
%). No difference in the proportion of >8-cell embryos among the 3 groups was observed at 48 hpi (
22
.
9
vs 24.7 vs 26.1%). However, the completion of the third cleavage in the early-cleaving embryos was higher than in the intermediate- and late-cleaving embryos at 72 hpi (65.4 vs 49.4 vs 25.0%), and from there onwards (
96
hpi; 81.1 vs 63.2 vs 45.
5
%, 120 hpi;
83
.
6
vs 62.2 vs 65.0%). The proportion of >16-cell embryos in the early-cleaving embryos was also higher than that of the intermediate- and late-cleaving embryos between
96
hpi (18.
9
vs 2.
9
vs 0.0%) and 120 hpi (49.1 vs
22
.0 vs 25.0%). Our results suggest that the development of IVP bovine embryos is possibly controlled as early as at the 2-cell stage, and the differences between the early and late cleaving embryos are associated with 1) the developmental delay or arrest of embryos during the second cleavage, and 2) the lengthening of the third cleavage, which seems to be related to the subsequent developmental ability of the embryos.
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Dietary Antioxidant Micronutrients and All-Cause Mortality: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk

Enbo Ma, Hiroyasu Iso, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Masahiko Ando, Kenji Wakai, Akiko Tamakoshi

Journal of Epidemiology
2018年 28 巻 9 号 388-396
発行日: 2018/09/05
公開日: 2018/09/05
[早期公開] 公開日: 2018/05/26

DOI https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20170023

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Background: Oxidative stress, the imbalance between pro- and antioxidants, has been implicated in the etiology and pathophysiology of the incidence and mortality of many diseases. We aim to investigate the relations of dietary intakes of vitamin C and
E
and main carotenoids with all-cause mortality in Japanese men and women.
Methods: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk had
22
,795 men and 35,539 women, aged 40–79 years at baseline (1988–1990), who completed a valid food frequency questionnaire and were followed up to the end of 2009.
Results: There were
6
,179 deaths in men and
5
,355 deaths in women during the median follow-up of 18.
9
years for men and 19.4 years for women. Multivariate hazard ratios for the highest versus lowest quintile intakes in women were 0.
83
(95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–0.90; P for trend < 0.0001) for vitamin C, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78–0.93; P for trend < 0.0001) for vitamin
E
, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.81–0.
96
; P for trend = 0.0006) for β-carotene, and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.82–0.98; P for trend = 0.0002) for β-cryptoxanthin. The joint effect of any two of these highly correlated micronutrients showed significant 12–17% reductions in risk in the high-intake group compared with the low-intake group in women. These significant associations were also observed in the highest quintile intakes of vitamin C, vitamin
E
, and β-carotene in female non-smokers but were not observed in female smokers, male smokers, and non-smokers.
Conclusions: Higher dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins may reduce the risk of all-cause mortality in middle-aged Japanese women, especially female non-smokers.

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