Circuit techniques to enhance the linearity of input-voltage-to-current (V/I) conversion and to increase the output impedance of a current source by compensating for the low intrinsic gain of a transistor were introduced to realize a high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for a low supply voltage using sub-100-nm CMOS processes. Applying these techniques, a MOS 7th-order Gm- linear-phase low-pass filter (LPF) was realized using a 65nm CMOS process. A simplified biquad LPF that can serve as a component of a 7th-order LPF was newly developed by replacing OTAs with resistors. As a result, the -dB frequency bandwidth, group delay ripple, rd-order distortion, and rd-order input intercept point (IIP) were 200MHz, .%, ≤ -55dB with a 100MHz input, and +10.dBm, respectively, all with a ±0.1Vp-p input signal at each input terminal in the pseudodifferential configuration. The LPF including an output buffer dissipated 60mW in the case of a 1.V supply. Wide spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) characteristics were confirmed up to high frequencies.

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(,)-,-エポキシ-,7,11,11-テトラメチルシクロウンデカ-,-ジエン()をフムレン1((,,)-,7,11,11-テトラメチルシクロウンデカ-,,-トリエン)より合成する既知の合成法は実際に牧率が低く合成的に問題がある.さらに,の合成はその反応性や物性の研究のために簡単に高牧率で行われることが望まれる.今回,の新たな合成法と簡便な精製法を見いだし,を高牧率で1から合成することができたので報告する.1のジエポキシ化,続く再結晶により得られたジエポキシド(8)は二価のチタンにより還元されて,1(273%)と8(25%)と少量のを含むを主生成物(42.7%)として与えた.1とは原料として再利用できる.の精製は1と同様硝酸銀()錯体の結晶で行い,純粋なは1から通算牧率32.0%で得られた.の既知方法による合成は段階の反応と数回のカラム分離及び10%含浸シリカゲルカラム分離を必要とし牧率が極端に低い.今回,新しいの合成法は段階の反応で1回のカラム分離と再結晶により高い通算牧率を示す.

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This paper applies the fuzzy cluster analysis to six international stock markets (i.., France, Germany, the U.S., Canada, Japan, and China). We analyze the similarity values calculated from the monthly stock returns, using both Zadeh's and Ward's clustering methods. These two methods induce different partition trees. Both the Minkowski distance and cophenetic correlation coefficient choose Zadeh's method over Ward's method. The optimal partition tree and the associated optimal number of clusters suggest (1) the similarity of European countries, () the institutional regularity of the Chinese stock market, and () the strong influence of the U.S. These implications are consistent with standard economic theory, and are preserved under the addition of three countries (i.., the U.K., Mexico, and South Korea).

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The Yura River in northern Kyoto Prefecture has long caused flood problems in its drainage basin. Specifically, areas downstream from Ayabe, where the river comes down from mountainous regions to a basin, frequently suffered from inundations,

.g., the Disaster Relief Law was applied eight times in the 60 years from 1953 to 2013. Against those background, river development projects, including levee construction and channel dredging, have been well underway since the late 1950s. The Ohno dam upstream on the main river was completed in 1961. However, the degree of flood safety remained low at that time. In 2004, the heaviest flood in the 50 years since 1953 occurred, followed in 2013 by a massive flood recording the highest water level since observations began at Fukuchiyama. The 2013 flood occurred in the midst of urgent levee construction and land raising based on a river infrastructure development project begun in response to a 2004 flood. This paper outlines damage from floods in 2004 and 2013 and shows the effects of these floods on the inundation depth of levees under development and the effects of the difference in rainfall characteristics in 2004 and 2013 on flood and fine sediment runoff. The effectiveness of the Ohno dam and misunderstandings by residents of the dam are also described. Important points in promoting river development from hard and soft measure are presented for making use of experiences the two disaster in the future.

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1. The chromosome numbers of 64 species have been studied on which 56 are investigated for the first time.
. Morphological, anatomical and cytological findings on the Musaceae in the broad sense are considered from a phylogenetical standpoint and three distinct groups:
a) Musa-Ensete, b) Ravenala-Strelitzia-Phenakospermum and ) Holiconia are recognised as suggested by some authors. For these groups sub-familial status is proposed.
. Lowiaceae have been studied for the first time cytologically and their chromosome morphology, distinct from that of any other group of Zingiberales, confirms their claim to familial status.
. Consideration of the conflicting theories proposed to account for the higher chromosome number in genera like Globba, Alpinia, and Phaemeria, etc. leads to rejection of Chakravorti's hypothesis of wholesale fragmentation of chromosomes and the acceptance of the opposed view of Raghavan and Venkatasubban and others.
5. Holttum's transference of the genus Zingiber to the tribe Hedychieae has been given cytological support on the following points:
a) the basic number in the genus Zingiber correlates with that of Kaempferia.
b) the new tribe Alpinieae (which is infact Zingibereae without Zingiber) have consistently 48 chromosomes in their somatic complements.
. It is suggested that the African representatives of Kaempferia should be given the status of genus; Cienkowskya on the following points:
a) the difference in floral morphology
b) geographical separateness and
) the difference in the number and morphology of the chromosomes. By comparing the present and past findings, various lines of evolution of the chromosome complements within each group are discussed.
7. The basic number 11 is considered to be probably the original one for the Zingiberales as a whole, being present in Ravenala which is the most primitive member in the order. From this secondary basic numbers have arisen through evolution.

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A 5kW class Stirling engine generator has been developed with the aim of constructing a system mainly for service use. The Stirling engine is built up as a -piston type with driving mechanism. It has a hot cylinder and a heat-exchanger cylinder in which a regenerator and a cooler are installed, and the both cylinders are connected by a heater made by U-shape tubes. The developed Stirling engine generator is unified hermetically because of including a PM synchronous generator in the driving mechanism. From the results of performance test, electric power is .92kW and efficiency is 31.% based on thermal heat into the engine. It is effective in environmental preservation and energy saving to apply the developed Stirling engine generator to a power generation and heat supply system with heat source of wastes and wood biomass, since a heater shape is suitable for absorbing heat form combustion gas.

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The correction factor (η_ie) for the ultimate bearing capacity of a footing placed adjacent to a slope, taking into account the combined effect of horizontal and vertical seismic loads, represented by horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients, k_h and k_v, respectively, was derived using a modified Janbu's slice method. The influence of slope angles ‘α’ on the values of ‘η_ie’ are studied here. It was found that the values of η_ie can be expressed as an exponential function of ‘k_h/(1-k_v)’ and ‘α’, with a measurable interdependency between ‘α’ and ‘η_ie’. The influence of ‘α’ on the value of ‘η_ie’ increases as the input value of ‘k_h/(1-k_v)’ increases. Equations derived based on the analytical results are proposed to account for this effect. Based on the analyses of 11 near-fault seismographers obtained in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, a ratio between the vertical and the horizontal seismic coefficients, λ, of between ±0.25 is suggested for including the combined effect of vertical and horizontal seismic forces in evaluating the seismic bearing capacity of footings located in near-fault areas.

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At present, analytical or empirical formula for seismic bearing capacity of footings adjacent to slopes is not available. This study uses a pseudo-static-based approach in conjunction with rigorous Janbu's slice method to derive analytical values of seismic bearing capacity factors (N_γ) and correction factors for the effects of inertia of soil mass and load inclinations for a rigid footing adjacent to cohesionless slopes. It is shown that both the bearing capacity factors (N_γ) and the correction factors for the seismic bearing capacity of footings placed on level ground derived herein are comparable with those reported in the literature. Empirical equations regarding the effects of slope angles and load inclinations, expressed using generalized forms of those proposed in the literature, are also derived. It is also found that the empirical equations derived in the present study provide values of correction factors in good agreements with the analytical ones, indicating the validity of using these empirical equations for assessing the bearing capacity of rigid footings situated on the slope subjected to pseudo-static seismic loading.

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Previously, we reported that ()-nonenal, having a low flavor threshold (0.1 ppb) and known as the major contributor to a cardboard flavor (stale flavor) in stored beer, is produced by lipoxygenase-1 and a newly found factor named -fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase-like (-HPL-like) activity in malt. To assess the involvement of -HPL-like activity in beer staling, we compared the values of the wort nonenal potential, an index for predicting the staleness of beer, with the lipoxygenase and -HPL-like activity of 20 commercial malts. There was a significant correlation between the malt -HPL-like activity and the values of wort nonenal potential (r=0.53, P<0.05), while the correlation between malt lipoxygenase activity and the wort nonenal potential was statistically insignificant. Analysis of the partially purified -HPL-like activity from embryos of germinating barley seeds indicated that -HPL-like activity consisted of fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase and : isomerase.

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