抄録
In the context of global climate warming, heat stress has become a critical environmental factor threatening crop growth and food security. In recent years, the research paradigm has shifted from traditional aboveground phenotypic regulation to the functional analysis of underground systems, with root–microbe interactions increasingly recognized as a core biological mechanism underlying crop heat tolerance. This paper systematically reviews the impacts of heat stress on root structural development, root exudate composition, and rhizosphere microbial community assembly, revealing the multilayered mechanisms by which root–microbe interactions enhance water and nutrient uptake, regulate phytohormone signaling pathways, activate antioxidant defense systems, and induce systemic tolerance responses. Particular attention is given to the synergistic adaptation mechanisms of functional microbial groups—including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, endophytic fungi and bacteria, and dark septate endophytes—under different ecological conditions, elucidating the regulatory roles of their metabolites and signaling molecules in heat tolerance responses. By integrating multi-omics and systems biology approaches, this paper proposes the construction of a “rhizosphere core interaction network” to identify key regulatory nodes of heat tolerance, emphasizing the application potential of second-genome-based molecular breeding, synthetic microbial consortia design, and rhizosphere microecological engineering in enhancing crop climate resilience. This paper aims to establish a systematic framework for understanding crop heat tolerance “from molecules to ecosystems,” providing theoretical foundations and technological pathways for the development of resilient agriculture under climate change.
