Determinants of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

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This study aimed to assess whether patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) meet the recommended time of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and to identify clinical and behavioral factors associated with MVPA. In this cross-sectional study of 74 outpatients with T2DM, physical activity (PA) was assessed using accelerometers and self-management behaviors were measured using a validated questionnaire. Overall, 58.1% of participants achieved the recommended MVPA time (≥ 150 minutes/week) and were classified as the Active group; the remaining participants formed the Inactive group. Participants in the Active group demonstrated significantly higher daily step counts and total physical activity than the Inactive group. In addition, self-management behaviors related to commuting, activity planning, and deliberate exertion in daily routines were more prevalent among those meeting MVPA recommendations. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis identified body mass index (BMI) and habitual active behavior as significant factors associated with MVPA time. The Active group had lower BMI and triglyceride levels and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than the Inactive group, supporting the metabolic benefits of MVPA. Participants employed strategies to increase PA, such as taking more steps during commuting, selecting suitable times and places for activity, and increasing exertion in routine movements. These findings underscore the importance of cultivating habitual PA behaviors to achieve and maintain recommended MVPA times. As PA was measured over a 7-day period, seasonal or temporal variations may have influenced the results. Future studies should explore long-term, sustainable strategies to integrate PA into daily life and support diabetes management.