交友関係におけるパーソナリティの認知

認知の斉合性理論による検討

抄録

The purpese of the present study is to investigate personality perception in dyadic peer relations from the view point of cognitive consistency theory, the basic principle of which is that there is a tendency toward consistency maintenance within the P-O-X system.
According to this theory, Hypotheses 1-a through 1-c were constructed on the basis of relationships between P-O and Assumed similarity, Perceived similarity, Real similarity, and Accuracy, all of which were constructed from the discrepancy scores that existed between and pair among self-image, other-image, and self-image through other. Hypothesis 2 was constructed on the basis of relationships between P-O and the scores of self-image and other-image.
The research on the questionnaire was conducted on October 27 and on November 5, 1969. At the first session, each of 96 girls of the first grade of Yokohama Kyoritsu Gakuen Junior High School was required to answer the sociometric test for the purpose of constructing a set of P-O relationships. At the second session, the girls were required to take Self-Differential scale test, developed by Nagashima and his associates (1967), in terms of the following three criteria: 1) the subject's own self-image, 2) the other-image of a friend appointed for her by the experimenter, and 3) an evaluation of the subject's own self-image as rated by the appointed friend.
The conclusions derived from the results were as follows:
1) When there existed positive interpersonal feelings in a dyadic peer relation, the person perceived the other-image more similar to her own self-image than when there existed negative interpersonal feelings.
2) At the same time, when there existed positive interpersonal feelings in the dyadic peer relation, the person gauged her own self-image as perceived by the other, to be more similar to her own self-image than when there existed negative interpersonal feelings.
3) The one who had more positive personal feelings in the dyadic peer relation perceived the other-image more similar to her own than in the case of one who had more negative personal feelings.
4) A person who had more Positive personal feelings perceived the other-image more similar to the other's own perception than occurred with the case one who had more negative personal feelings.
5) Either of the dyads estimated her own self-image as perceived by the other differently from the other's perception when they had mutually divergent personal feelings.
6) Self-image does not depend on the interpersonal relations, while the other-image, at least in part, does depend on the personal feelings toward other. This is to say that if personal feelings toward other is negative, the other-image tends to be more negatively perceived than the other's own self-image.