混色過程の分析 (一)

抄録

Problem and method: This experiment is intended to analyse the process of colour mixtures conditioned by perceptive time.
For this study a speed regulator (Fig. 1) is applied to observe the process of colour mixtures conducted by means of the method of minimal change. The distance between the eye and the disc is 40cm. and the subjects should observe by monocular sight by day-light.
The time of exposure is regulated by the shutter. The subjects are the post graduate students of psychology.
Results:
Preliminary Exp. I. The perceptive time of phenomenal movement.
A rotatory figure (Fig. 2.) is observed for the exposing time of 1/200 sec., 1/100 sec., 1/50 sec., 1/25 sec., 1/10 sec., 1/5 sec.,
The changing stage of the figure.
1. It appears quiescent.
2.It appears quiescent, but it vibrates.
3. The contour of figure begins to break down and the figure appears dimly.
4. It s eems to move, but not to rotate.
5. Rotation can be seen.
The speed of rotation corresponding to each stage is different for each subject, but generally the rotatory movement can not be perceived clearly, if the object is exposed less than 1/50se c. Therefore the perception of movement. is not caused by the quantity or distance of movement, but by the time of perception.
Preliminary Exp. II. The deformation of shape caused by motion.
The necessary condition of colour mixtures may be given as follows: The contour of two colours breaks down, vanishing the shape and two colours are required to be presented in the certain perceptive time simultaneously under the certain speed of rotation.
Exp. I. The mixing process of Black and White. It is worth paying attention that white appears more extensive than black during rotation and when white becomes the ground, black appears as the figure rotating over white. When the flicker begins to appear, we can observe such figures as a reticulation or a beehive, analogous to the cells of retina.
Exp. II. The tendency of colours appearing as a ground and a figure.
The colours which have strong tendency to appear as a ground should be arranged in the order of yellow, green, blue and red. Such colours as grounds are observed as extensive and backward colours.
On the contrary, such colours as figures are observed as contractive and forward ones. When two colours, are perfectly mixed in the sAme proportion, the mixed colours approach the colour which appears as a ground at the beginning.
Exp. III. The inversion of ground and figure caused by changing the proportion of colour mixtures.
We can inverse the relation of ground and figure according to subjective attitude, but increasing the colour as a figure, it comes to appear as a ground. If the rotatory speed reaches about 500 per minute, both colours begin to mix and a ground-figure relation can be no more perceived. But at this time, if we stare fixedly, at the rotary disc, two colours come out alternately as the phenomenon of visual struggle.
Exp. IV. Perception of colour mixtures by instant exposition.
If we perceive the mixed colours on the rotary disc instantly exposed, we shall only perceive two separate colours at the same time, unless the perceptive time reaches a certain limit.
Exp. V. The relation between the number of devised colours and the number of rotation.
To make the colour mixture perfectly, we can find a simple law which consists in the inverse proportion between the number of devised colours and the number of rotation. If we reduce the number of divisions by one half, we must double the number of rotations. But periodical repetition by rotary motion is not a condition necessary to colour mixtures. If we can perceive the two colours which are given successively on the retina simultaneously in the psychological present time, they will be perfectly mixed in our brain.