方向の異同判断における比較処理過程 弁別反応時間によるアプローチ

鋤柄 増根

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.51.76

方向の異同判断における比較処理過程

弁別反応時間によるアプローチ

鋤柄増根

著者情報

ジャーナルフリー

1980 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 76-84

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.51.76

詳細

発行日: 1980/07/20 受付日: 1979/06/04 J-STAGE公開日: 2010/07/16 受理日: - 早期公開日: - 改訂日: -
訂正情報
訂正日: 2010/07/16 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 論文抄録訂正内容: Wrong : In terms of a discrimination reaction time (RT), comparison processes in “same” versus “different” judgment on visual orientations of two successively presented lines were examined. In Exp. I, basic processes in the judgment were investigated. In Exp. II, the relation of these basic processes to a rod-and-frame situation was examines. Both experiments were based on five assumptions derived from Hubels' neurological findings on simple cells and from Krueger's noisy-operator theory. The assumptions (1) and (2) described that the orientation detectors tuning to the vertical (0°) or horizontal (90°) orientation are the most selective, and that the overlapped part (M) of two orientation detectors' outputs is used as an information for the judgment. The assumptions (3), (4a) or (4b), and (5) described that the M which is either larger than “same” criterion or smaller than “different” criterion requires only one cycle of processing, but the M between the two criteria requires more than two cycles. It was also assumed that the more the cycles of processing are required, the longer is an RT.
In both experiments, a standard stimulus and a comparison stimulus were single lines whose visual angle was 1.74°. Seven standard orientations (SOs) were set clockwise from 0° to 90° in 15° steps. In “same” trials, a comparison orientation (CO) was identical with SO, in “different” trials it tilted clockwise from SO either by 10°, 15° or 20° (Δθ). In Exp. II, a 30° clockwisely tilted square-frame (1.74°×1.74°) was added. In each experiment, 8 college students participated as subjects. They were asked to judge whether SO was same as CO or not, and to release one of two keys, as quickly as possible.
The main results were as follows: (a) The “different” RTs as a function of SO resulted in an inverted U-shaped quadratic trend in both experiments (Figs. 2 and 4). (b) As the Δθ increased, the “different” RTs became shorter in both experiments. (c) In Exp. I, the “same” RTs for 0° or 90° SOs were slightly shorter than those for other SOs (Fig. 2). (d) In Exp. II, the “same” RTs were originally an U-shaped quadratic function of SO (Fig. 4). (e) For “same” RTs the overall mean in Exp. I was shorter than that in Exp. II by 77ms, and for “different” RTs the former was shorter than the latter by 50ms, suggesting that the presence of the frame induced a tendency to increase cycles of processing or required an additional mechanism to eliminate the effects of the frame. (f) The percentage of errors were positively correlated with RTs in both experiments (Table 1).
These results were consistent with the main predictions led from the five assumptions. The results (c) and (d), however, could not determine which assumption (4a) or (4b) is more suitable. A part of the results was left unexplained, which implied that a higher-order cognitive mechanism rather than a simple perceptual process also operated in the comparison process of the orientations of lines (particularly with the vertical and horizontal ones).
Right : The comparison processes on orientations in “same” versus “different” judgment were investigated. Tasks of Exp. I were to compare orientations of two lines (SO and CO) successively presented. In Exp. II, the identical tasks were done in a rod-and-frame situation. The main results were as follows: (a) In both experiments, the “different” RTs as a function of SO resulted in an inverted U-shaped quadratic trend. (b) In Exp. I, the “same” RTs for 0° (vertical) and 90° (horizontal) SOs were slightly shorter than others, but in Exp. II, the “same” RTs were an U-shaped quadratic function of SO. These results supported the main assumptions led from Hubels' neurological findings on simple cells and from Krueger's noisy-operator theory.

抄録

The comparison processes on orientations in “same” versus “different” judgment were investigated. Tasks of Exp. I were to compare orientations of two lines (SO and CO) successively presented. In Exp. II, the identical tasks were done in a rod-and-frame situation. The main results were as follows: (a) In both experiments, the “different” RTs as a function of SO resulted in an inverted U-shaped quadratic trend. (b) In Exp. I, the “same” RTs for 0° (vertical) and 90° (horizontal) SOs were slightly shorter than others, but in Exp. II, the “same” RTs were an U-shaped quadratic function of SO. These results supported the main assumptions led from Hubels' neurological findings on simple cells and from Krueger's noisy-operator theory.

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