抄録
Breast milk is the ideal source of nutrition for infants, providing energy and essential nutrients that support rapid growth and neurological development. The unique lipid composition of breast milk is characterized by a wide range of fatty acids, such as medium-chain fatty acids and highly polyunsaturated fatty acids like docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） and arachidonic acid （ARA），both of which are crucial for brain and nerve development. The fatty acid composition of breast milk is influenced by maternal diet; for instance, DHA levels vary according to regional dietary customs. Essential fatty acids—including linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid—must be obtained from the diet, and the balance between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids is important for normal physiological functions. Furthermore, the structure of triglycerides affects lipid digestion and absorption. Additionally, sphingomyelin, one of the major phospholipids in milk fat globule membrane, plays a crucial role in brain development.
Infant formula is developed as a substitute for breast milk. Its lipid composition—including fatty acid composition, triglyceride structure, and phospholipid content—is carefully designed to mimic the nutritional profile of breast milk and provide essential nutrients for optimal infant growth.
This review provides a comprehensive overview of lipid nutrition in breast milk and infant formula, emphasizing its critical role in infant growth, neurological development, and overall health outcomes.
