Molluscs in toxicology testing emphasizing snails

抄録

The extent of possible effects of chemicals on mollusks came into public regard with the dramatic effects of tributyltin (TBT) compounds, which have broadly been used as antifouling agents for ships. The females of the Dog Whelk (Nucella lapillus) and of at least 160 further species exposed to TBT developed male parts in addition to the female genital organs, a syndrome named ‘imposex’. With a number of approximately.

Therefore, a review paper of the OECD (2010) recommended test procedures for optimization and possible validation for partial life cycle (PLC) test P. antipodarum (freshwater, gastropod), full life cycle (FLC) with L. stagnalis (freshwater, gastropod), and Crassostrea gigas (bivalve, marine). It was also recommended to develop protocols for FLC with P. antipodarum and PLC with L. stagnalis. The OECD (2016 a, b) published a guideline for a reproduction test with L. stagnalis and P. antipodarum. Histopathology was detailed in the guidelines but stated as ‘…other endpoint (e.g., histopathology)…’ (OECD, 2016b) and was mentioned under point 3.3. and in the Annex for possible histopathology evaluation (OECD, 2016a).

The current guidelines target mainly endocrine disruptor effects. However, inflammatory, and degenerative processes or parasitic infestations can mask or mimic endocrine effects. Therefore, a histopathological examination should be performed. The cost and labor are not high.

References

OECD 242. 29 Juy 2016a.

OECD 243. 29 Juy 2016b.

OECD. ENV/JM/MONO(2010)9