This research aims to clarify the magical power of the bow and arrow that appear in ancient Japanese myths, including ‘Kojiki’and‘ Nihon shoki.’
In my the previous study, I clarified the following in relation to the magical power of the sword that appears in ancient Japanese myths:
1. the magical power of the sword
2. the relationship between the sword and gods (when discussing the magical power of the sword, the sword must be sacred; this is the basis of why the sword is sacred)
3. the attribute of the sword that connects the celestial world of the gods and the terrestrial world of human beings (this provides an assumption for the relationship between the sword and the gods).
In this research, I investigated whether the magical power of the bow and arrow has the same structure as that of the sword, by comparing the findings of the previous study, and confirmed the following:
In the myth of Arnenowakahiko, three points were found: 1. the magical power of the bow and arrow; 2. the relationship between the gods and the bow and arrow; and 3. the bow and arrow's attribute connecting between the celestial world of the gods and the terrestrial world of human beings, suggesting that the magical power of the bow and arrow has the same structure as that of the sword.· A difference from the magical power of the sword was revealed in the myth of Ninuriya.·Besides the magical power of Hekija (exorcising evil gods and demons), I found the magical power of Seisei (creating).·Although arrows themselves originally had magical power, the red color of Ninuziya represents the magical power of the blood, by which the magical power of the arrow was enhanced.·In the Ninuriya myth, I could not find the magical power of the bow, but found only the magical power of the arrow.·In the Ninuriya myth, the arrow flows down the river to the terrestrial world as the god's incarnation. This implies that the world of gods lies in the horizontal direction of the terrestrial world. However, in the Kilo myths a view of the world is expressed in a form that basically stands solid in the vertical direction. The sword and arrow of the Arnenowakahiko myth connected the celestial world of the gods to the human world on Earth. The view of the world in this vertical direction was, however, created by a new ideology, and the world view was originally horizontal. The arrow was previously understood as something that connected the comparatively old transcendence axis in the horizontal direction.

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Despite the fact that one of the common beliefs of judo is that it helps to build character, there is no evidence in the scientific literature that this is actually the case. This study addresses this void, by examining the relationship between judo participation and character traits such as self-control, emotion regulation, sincerity, courage, discipline, and respect. Over 160 American judo participants completed measures designed to assess their levels of participation and these character traits. Judo participation was positively correlated with these traits, even after the effects of significant demographic variables had been statistically removed. This finding is the first to document the positive effects of judo on these specific character traits.

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This study clarifies the actual condition of the Budo teacher training, especially at Kokushikan Vocational School in the first half of the Showa era.
In the first half of the Showa era, the Ministry of Education approved three schools for Budo teacher training. They were Tokyo Higher Normal School, Japan Butokukai Budo Vocational School, and Kokushikan Vocational School.
The founding of Kokushikan Vocational School was approved by the Ministry of Education in 1929. In 1933, Kokushikan Vocational School was approved by the Ministry of Education to issue secondary school kendo and judo teacher licenses without taking any examination.
From 1933 to 1944,541 kendo major students and 360 judo major students graduated from Kokushikan Vocational School. In the same period, Japan Butokukai Budo Vocational School had 250 graduates in kendo and 265 graduates in judo. Tokyo Higher Normal School had 186graduates in kendo and 208 graduates in judo.
At first, only Japan Butokukai Budo Vocational School and Tokyo Higher Normal School were qualified for issuing license for teachers of kendo and judo. However, the numbers of eligible teachers were not enough at that time. It was then that Kokushikan Vocational School also started the Budo teacher training, which turned out to be historically important later on.

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