The Education Ministry guidelines for junior high school were revised on March 28, 2008. With the revision, budo, together with dance, became required subjects in health and physical education because it was deemed that studying the tradition and culture inherent to the Japanese is important to establishing the identify of Japan and the Japanese. In the required budo class, improving the teaching methods is basic to increasing the opportunities for students to come into contact with Japanese inherent tradition and culture.
This paper clarifies what is the Japanese inherent tradition and culture imposed on the budo class in health and physical education, how to pass them down, and how to improve teaching methods by associating them with teaching materials theory and learning theory.
The Japanese inherent tradition and culture to be taught in budo is to stand ready, by taking a face-to-face position, in shizentai (that is, standing straight without overstress), and experience and acquire a natural posture. The decision to award an ippon to a practitioner is not based upon a technique being successfully executed, but on the process by which the practitioner strove to achieve the technique. That is, the decision should be based on a series of actions that include destabilizing the opponent's shizentai posture, trying to achieve a technique, throwing (or striking) the opponent, taking an ukemi (passive posture).
Based on the above observations, it is necessary to improve the teaching methods and class planning management, and associate classes with technique, attitude, knowledge, thought, and judgment of budo.

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Kendo judges are required to give an instantaneous judgement of yuko-datotsu-. During such judgements, it is very important for each of the three judges to be in a position from they can watch competitors actions and to judge them from positions that afford an adequate view of evevts. In this paper, we examined the emergence of inadequate positioning at -yuko-datotsus calls- in both male and female kendo matches held at National Sports Festivals in Japan. Inadequate positioning of judges appeared in 21.0% of all the -yuko-datotsus- calls in matches involving males, and 23.3% of all -yuko-datotsus- calls in female matches. We believe that such research will improve the accuracy of judges' calls and avoid poor judgements being made in kendo matches.

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