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Volume 42 (2023)
- Issue 2 Pages 37-
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Fire Science and Technology Vol.42 No.2 (2023)
Displaying 1-3 of 3 articles from this issue
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J. R Ng, M. K. Cheong, L. W Lim, M. Thong, K. W Leong2023 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 37-53
Published: 2023
Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2023
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study presents an AI-based prediction model for assessing the likelihood of smoke re-circulation between ventilation shafts, using variables such as ventilation shaft size and height, air intake and exhaust directions, separation between air intake and exhaust openings, airflow rates, fire size, wind speed and wind direction. By providing guidance on ventilation shaft configuration during the initial design phase, this model aims to reduce the time and resources required for extensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Following the initial prediction, CFD simulations can then be conducted by designers to confirm that the proposed ventilation shaft layout will not result in smoke re-circulation. While this approach is not a replacement for CFD, its approach offers a more comprehensive design solution and significantly decreases the number of simulations to be performed.View full abstractDownload PDF (9062K) -
Chisato Hayashi, Yuto Suzuki, Ryo Hamashima, Hikaru Fukagawa,, Yusuke ...2023 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 55-68
Published: 2023
Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2023
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFires can cause serious damage when widespread. This study focuses on two types of fires, forest and factory fires, and investigates how toxic substances released affect the environment. Forest fires, caused by anthropogenic factors such as arson and natural factors such as lightning strikes, are widespread and severely damage ecosystems. Factory fires, caused by malfunctioning electrical equipment, mishandling of chemicals, or carelessness with fire, cause serious damage to the neighborhoods and environment. In addition, fires may release chemical substances present in factories. Mercury release is a common phenomenon in both fires. Fires burn mercury-containing vegetation and organic matter, thereby releasing mercury into the atmosphere. The released mercury is deposited in the soil, rivers, and other water bodies, accumulates in ecosystems (bioaccumulation), and moves up the food chain to higher organisms. Mercury poisoning can adversely affect the nervous and immune systems, causing developmental problems and impaired learning abilities, particularly in fetuses and young children. To reduce the damage caused owing to mercury release, fire prevention, early response, prevention of mercury spillage, and the proper management and storage of mercury are important. Currently, the international community has started working on the proper handling of mercury among nations by concluding the Minamata Convention.View full abstractDownload PDF (679K) -
Takashiro Akitsu2023 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 69-76
Published: 2023
Released on J-STAGE: November 22, 2023
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the year 2022, a large-scale fire occurred at a chemical factory in Tokyo, Japan. The news media disseminated extensive information about the situation at the scene and called attention to it. A few reports indicated that the chemical “sodium hydroxide”, which was speculated to be stored in large quantities at the factory, was dangerous owing to its ability to make soaps and detergents. After the fire was extinguished, we reviewed news reports to analyze the causes and countermeasures, which led to our findings about (1) the dangerous substance at the scene, (2) knowledge about its hazardous effects, and (3) precautions required in handling these substances. In addition, we realized that the provision of information, such as if evacuation is needed, was not straightforward. Even several months later, the details of the official cause of the fire, to our knowledge, remain undisclosed.View full abstractDownload PDF (747K)
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