The text focuses on the importance of the Paleolithic Era and prospects for future research. The Paleolithic Era is crucial in the evolution and cultural development of humanity, and understanding its lifestyle, technology, and social structures is essential. Future research will prioritize advanced technologies and interdisciplinary approaches. Moreover, it’s necessary to further elucidate the interactions with the Earth’s environment and the impacts of cultural exchanges. This will provide new insights into the evolution of humanity and cultural history, offering implications for contemporary societal challenges.

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The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technology on the entrepreneurial field is profound and multifaceted. Firstly, entrepreneurs utilize AI-powered products and services, such as smart robots and personalized recommendation systems, to enhance work efficiency and user experience, driving the market towards greater intelligence. Secondly, AI technology enables personalized big data analysis, transforming marketing and service approaches, and increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty. Furthermore, automation technology applied across industries enhances production and operational efficiency, reduces costs, and enhances a company’s competitive advantage. In addition, predictive analytics provided by AI technology enables entrepreneurs to better understand market trends and risks, allowing them to formulate targeted strategies. Lastly, emerging fields such as autonomous vehicles and medical diagnostics bring abundant business opportunities to entrepreneurs, driving technological advancements and industry innovation. These trends indicate that the widespread application of AI technology in the entrepreneurial field has become an undeniable trend, bringing significant opportunities and challenges to entrepreneurs.

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The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has sparked a revolution in the entrepreneurial field. Entrepreneurs actively employ AI-powered products and services, such as smart robots, automated customer service systems, and personalized recommendation systems, to enhance work efficiency and user experience. Data-driven decision-making has become mainstream, with entrepreneurs utilizing deep learning and data mining technologies for market forecasting and customer analysis. The widespread application of automation and machine learning technologies in business processes reduces costs and improves efficiency. Emerging markets such as speech recognition and computer vision have generated more business opportunities, enabling entrepreneurs to innovate their business models through AI technology. Meanwhile, the application of AI technology in risk management and security provides reliable support for entrepreneurs, ensuring the steady development of their businesses. These trends indicate that AI technology has profoundly impacted all aspects of the entrepreneurial field, bringing abundant opportunities and challenges to entrepreneurs.

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This article explores the importance of nitrogen fertilizer and management techniques for wheat growth. Firstly, it analyzes the promoting effects of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat growth, including promoting plant growth, influencing yield and quality, regulating nutrient balance, and controlling pests and diseases. Secondly, it discusses the influence of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat mineral content and balance, emphasizing the importance of proper nitrogen fertilizer management in maintaining mineral balance. Finally, it presents the technical points of nitrogen fertilizer management, including soil testing, fertilization planning, fertilization methods, nitrogen fertilizer type selection, supporting measures, and monitoring adjustments. Through scientific fertilization, nitrogen fertilizer efficiency can be improved, wheat growth and yield can be promoted, and negative environmental impacts can be reduced.

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This article explores the importance of nitrogen fertilizer in wheat production and its impact on agricultural production and sustainable development. It first introduces the benefits of nitrogen fertilizer in promoting plant growth and increasing yields, while also pointing out the environmental challenges that excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer may bring. The article then analyzes the demand for nitrogen fertilizer in wheat and the usage patterns in different regions. It discusses the potential consequences of excessive nitrogen fertilizer use, emphasizing the importance of finding a balance in its application. Recommendations for reducing nitrogen fertilizer use are proposed, including precision fertilization and promoting agricultural sustainability. In the future outlook, the importance of improving nitrogen fertilizer management is emphasized, and the role of research, technological innovation, and international cooperation in addressing nitrogen fertilizer issues is highlighted. The article underscores that through scientifically sound nitrogen fertilizer management, a win-win situation can be achieved for wheat production and agricultural sustainability.

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In space development, humanity gains new insights into the origin, evolution, and astrophysics of the universe, deepening our understanding of space and our existence. Observations from space contribute to understanding Earth’s environment, and climate change, and aid in crafting environmental protection policies and resource management. Furthermore, space development fosters international cooperation, enhancing peace and security. The allure of advanced technology drives innovation, fostering growth in new industries and employment opportunities.

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The paper delves into the realm of historical geography, seeking to comprehend the past conditions of the Earth, encompassing geographical processes, environmental shifts, and human interaction with the environment. It investigates natural elements such as landforms and climate, alongside human aspects like historical distribution and cultural evolution. The field is progressing through numerical simulation, interdisciplinary integration, and GIS technology, augmenting precision and offering a holistic perspective. These advancements are anticipated to enrich our comprehension of Earth’s history and human societies, providing valuable insights for sustainable development.

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Paleogeography is a branch of geography that primarily focuses on the changes and evolution of geographical features, environments, human activities, and cultural landscapes on the Earth’s surface in the past. It examines the variations and impacts related to geographical patterns, climate changes, topography, ecosystems, and more during historical and geological periods. The objective is to reveal the historical processes, environmental changes, and the historical trajectory of interaction between humans and nature by studying past geographical information. This article provides an overview of the main themes in paleogeography research in recent years, aiming to offer readers a comprehensive understanding of studies in this field.

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This article explores the pivotal role of wheat in ecosystems, addressing its contributions to ecological balance, soil health, and biodiversity. It delves into the profound impacts of climate change on wheat-related ecosystems, detailing temperature changes, water stress, carbon dioxide concentrations, and more. Additionally, the article provides comprehensive strategies for biodiversity conservation in wheat cultivation, emphasizing the importance of diversity in farmland ecosystems, natural habitat preservation, and sustainable agricultural practices. The insights presented aim to foster a deeper understanding of wheat’s ecological significance and contribute to the development of sustainable agricultural approaches in the face of climate change.

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Ecological agriculture is a comprehensive farming system dedicated to environmental conservation, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides and fertilizers, and promoting sustainability in agriculture. Its core features include avoiding chemical pesticides, widespread use of organic fertilizers, maintenance of biodiversity, crop rotation, and fallow periods. These practices collectively enhance agricultural products' yield and quality while minimizing adverse environmental impacts. Adhering to the no-chemical pesticide principle reduces pollution in soils, water sources, and the air. Applying organic fertilizers and protecting biodiversity contribute to improved soil structure and decreased reliance on chemical fertilizers. Crop rotation and fallow practices reduce soil erosion, providing a sustainable approach to soil management. Water resource management focuses on efficient utilization, maintaining water quality, and fostering the sustainable development of agricultural systems.

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Since its inception, the Geographical Research Bulletin has been devoted to serving as a pivotal platform for disseminating the latest research findings in the field of geography. In the upcoming 2024 volume, we continue to adhere to our proactive editorial policy, striving to elevate the academic standards of the journal and present readers with more captivating content from the realm of geographical studies. Geography, as an ancient yet continually evolving discipline, has borne witness to the progression of human understanding of nature, utilization of natural resources, and transformation of the environment. Over the past few years, the Geographical Research Bulletin has not only chronicled the developmental trajectory of geography but has also spotlighted the innovative facets of geographical research in terms of content, methods, breadth, and depth. The expansion of geography encompasses a wide spectrum, spanning from the macro to micro, from the Earth’s surface to its depths, and extending further into Earth’s spatial dimensions, revealing diverse and globalized characteristics. Amidst the changes of our times, geography faces heightened societal demands necessitating in-depth exploration through modern scientific technologies. The Geographical Research Bulletin actively responds to this demand by adopting a rapid publication policy to expedite the dissemination of research articles, ensuring that scholarly achievements promptly reach the academic community. We are committed to continuing to serve as a platform where natural sciences and social sciences intersect, reflecting the interplay between various disciplines within geography and conducting in-depth research with diverse perspectives and methodologies. Furthermore, in the upcoming volume, the Geographical Research Bulletin will persist in publishing articles that possess both academic depth and popular science appeal. We aim to convey the latest scientific information to readers, providing them with a comprehensive understanding of geographical science and related fields. By combining scholarly and popular science articles, we seek to facilitate information exchange, knowledge complementarity, and the advancement of scientific and technological innovation. In the new year, the Geographical Research Bulletin welcomes submissions from contributors worldwide, anticipating that through the collective efforts of the academic community, we can further propel the continuous development of geographical research. We extend our best wishes to all authors and readers, hoping for a more fruitful year in 2024 and collectively witnessing the progress and development of geography.

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