The purpose of this study was to create a scale to measure the degree of regret at becoming a mother and to examine the influence of the subjects’ basic attributes on their regret at becoming a mother. The subjects for analysis were a total of 462 mothers with children from pregnancy to adolescence (458 women, 4 others, M = 37.77, SD = 7.03, Range = 20–59). As a result, the unidimensional nine-item scale showed an acceptable value for goodness of fit and high reliability (α = .96). In addition, we determined the cut-off score to categorize the regret group. Among the participants in the present study (N = 462), 31 were classified as the regret group, and they represented the scores at the top 7%. Furthermore, “number of children” had a significant negative prediction on the degree of regret about becoming a mother (β = −.19, p ＜ .001), and “being a single mother” had a negative effect on the degree of regret about becoming a mother. It was found that it significantly positively predicted the degree of regret (β = .11, p ＜ .05). Based on these results, we discuss the structure of the scale that was developed and the effect of a mother's attributes on the level of regret to provide insights on the attributes of respondents classified into the regret group.

　This study provides an overview of research trends on applying Brief Therapy in Japanese primary and secondary education to prevent and improve bullying, school refusal, and school maladjustment. The study examines the effectiveness and challenges of such interventions. The findings reveal that three primary approaches are used in school settings: the Solution-Focused Approach (SFA), the Mental Research Institute (MRI) Approach, and the Narrative Model. These approaches are applied according to the intervention unit—individual or group—the specific problems addressed, and the stages of assistance. The SFA has been widely implemented in Japan, highlighting a distinctive Japanese feature where homeroom teachers lead classroom interventions to improve classroom environments. The study identifies two main directions in preventive approaches: classroom-based interventions such as the Working on What Works Approach and individual counseling sessions employing Scaling Questions. Additionally, two forms of support have been identified for specific students in a problem-response phase (e.g., bullying or school refusal): Counseling based on Solution Talk conducted by homeroom teachers or school counselors and support provided through peer-based Support Groups. Future challenges include consistently implementing Brief Therapy in daily educational activities and conducting empirical studies that evaluate its effectiveness.

　Recognizing risk factors in advance could be critical for victims of dating violence. In this study, we focused on the personality traits of perpetrators as a risk factor and examined how victims estimated perpetrators' personality before a relationship. An internet survey of 264 young people (mean age = 23.93 years; SD = 3.44; 99 males, 163 females, 2 of undisclosed gender) with dating partners was carried out. Analysis of variance was conducted, controlling for gender and timing. The results showed that the victims guessed their partners' “low agreeableness,” “low conscientiousness,” “high neuroticism,” and “high anger expression” since before the relationship. These results suggest that it is possible to identify the personality of a potential perpetrator even before the occurrence of violence. The results of this study may be applied to identify both the risk of violence before it occurs and high-risk couples.

　This study aimed to develop Chinese version of the Inventory for Character of Intra-Inter Generation in Kinship (ICHIGEKI-CV) and to evaluate its reliability and validity. To do so, 222 Chinese people living with three or more family members (104 children, 63 women, 41 men, M = 22.69, SD = 2.26, Range = 18–28; 67 mothers, M = 43.21, SD = 8.79, Range = 23–58; 55 fathers, M = 46.49, SD = 6.61, Range = 30–56) were measured with the ICHIGEKICV and FACES-II CV (Chinese version of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales). Cronbach's alpha for the internal consistency reliability of the ICHIGEKI-CV ranged from .83 to .92. Regarding the correlation coefficient between the ICHIGEKI-CV and FACES II-CV, the overall results showed a significant positive correlation between the subfactors. Therefore, the ICHIGEKI-CV is a valid and efficient tool for measuring family structure.