Relationship between body image dissatisfaction and abnormal eating behavior among college students (n = 1347; 648 women and 699 men) was investigated. First, we calculate the Pearson's correlation between the above variables. We found relationships between “dissatisfaction with plumpness,” “dissatisfaction with other people's opinion of one's body” and “uncontrollability of excessive food intake” and the “control of food intake.” Then, participants were categorized into four groups according to the degree of their body image dissatisfaction (Group 1: weak dissatisfaction, Group 2: high dissatisfaction with plumpness, Group 3: high dissatisfaction with other people's opinion of one's body, Group 4: strong dissatisfaction). The results of a one-way analysis of variance showed that the uncontrollability of excessive food intake was stronger in Group 3 than in Group 1, and that the control of food intake was stronger in Group 2 than in Group 1. These results suggest that dissatisfaction with other people's opinion of one's body may be related to binge eating, and the dissatisfaction with plumpness, as well as to restrained eating behavior among female college students.

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The relationship between perceived happiness and salivary cortisol awakening response (CAR) on workdays and weekends was investigated. Full time women workers (n = 58: 20-50 years) participated in this study. Happiness was evaluated using the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) and participants (n = 16) were classified into high (average + 1/2SD), or low (n = 13) happiness groups (average - 1/2SD). Participants were instructed to collect saliva on six occasions each day over workdays and the weekends: at bedtime, immediately on awakening, 30 minutes after awakening, 10:00 am, 12:00 pm, and 3:00 pm. Results indicated that there were significant CAR differences in the high happiness group between workdays and weekends, whereas this was not the case in the low happiness group. Moreover, CAR was larger on weekends in the low happiness group than in the high happiness group. These results indicate that HPA functions of high happiness people change on workdays and weekends due to appropriate responsiveness (allostasis), such that they can optimally adapt to work and work related stress.

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Causal relationship between self-management behavior of patients with myocardial infarctions, social support, medical knowledge and self-education ability was investigated. Participants (n = 101) responded to a questionnaire survey. Results of covariance structure analysis indicated two paths from social support to self-management behavior: (1) Enhancing self-education by utilizing support of doctors, nurses and the family that result in self-management behavior and (2) knowledge of medical treatment that enhance self-education leading to increased self-management behavior. The most significant aspects of self-management were taking medicine and making measurements. Each self-management behavior other than these was significantly related to corresponding emotions.

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