The limiting current density equation of an ion-exchange membrane electrodialyzer contains the current density non-uniformity coefficient ζ. In order to clarify the characteristics of ζ, current density distribution theory is developed as follows: Electrodes are conductors and their electrical resistance and ohmic loss are negligibly small compared to the values between the electrodes. Accordingly, the voltage between the electrodes at the inlets of desalting cells V_in, are regarded as nearly equal to the value at the exit V_out, and at the position p distant from the inlets of desalting cells V_p; V_in=V_out (1) and V_in=V_p (2) . p is the dimensionless distance from the inlet of a desalting cell at which current density is equal to the average current density of an electrodialyzer. Current density distribution is expressed by the quadratic equation: i=a₁+a₂ (x/l) +a₃ (x/l) ² (3), l, flow length of a desalting cell; x, the distance from the inlet of a desalting cell. Developing Eqn. (1), (2) and (3), ζ, p, a₁, a₂ and a₃ are obtained. The theory agrees with the experimental results.

View full abstract

The chelating resins, which were loaded some kinds of metal ions to the ends of the functional groups, have specific functions as selective adsorption, catalyst and etc. It is possible to remove many sorts of ions (For instance; fluorine, selenium and arsenic ions) from waste water, which aren't easily treated by usual methods.
In this paper, we present applications of waste water treatment with these metal salt type chelating resins. The aluminum type chelating resins with aluminum amino-methylphoshate salt groups selectively adsorb and remove fluorine ions from waste water. Also, the iron type chelating resins with iron iminodiacetate salt groups and these chelating resins treated with NaOH solution possess high selective adsorptions to selenium and arsenic ions from salt aqueous solution, respectively.

View full abstract