We have examined the effect of the mixing ratio of methyl benzoate (MB) and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in the synthetic process on the Li isotope fractionation in the cation exchange reaction. MB / DEHP volume mixing ratios were adjusted to 1 / 9 and 9 / 1. For the purpose, the two kinds of porous-type cation exchange resins with the cross-linkage of 50 wt% degree were synthesized by suspension polymerization. Both the particle size distribution was found to be similar in the synthetic processes. On the other hand, it was found that the surface structure from the condition; MB : DEHP = 1 : 9 is much rougher than that from the condition; MB : DEHP = 9 : 1, judging from the SEM images. Based on this result, the Li isotope fractionation experiments using two kinds of porous-type sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene resins were performed in the weak basic solution at 298 K. We have confirmed that the Li isotope separation phenomena by confirming a sharp boundary on the chromatographic curve at each band-end where lighter Li isotope are enriched in the resin phase and heavier Li isotope is enriched in the aqueous phase. Two kinds of Li isotope separation coefficients (ε) per unit mass (ε/⊿Mass) values were respectively 3.3 × 10^-3 for MB : DEHP = 1 : 9 and 1.7 × 10^-3 for MB : DEHP = 9 : 1 in spite of the same cross-linkage degree. Therefore, we have concluded that the much rougher surface structure of the resins is very important parameter to improve ε/⊿Mass values in the Li isotope cation exchange reactions.

ZnAl LDH has been successfully prepared as single phase by urea as precipitant. Anion exchange is conducted for Ag(CN)₂^- intercalation. After the LDH has been intercalated by Ag(CN)₂^-, the anion is reduced into Ag(0) state. The structure of Ag-intercalated LDH was examined by synchrotron XRD. In the sample, the Ag(0) exists at closer position than center between hydroxide layers due to no coordinated H₂O molecules. UV-vis spectra confirm the existence of surface plasmon resonance at around 380 nm. Finally, the LDH has been examined for its photocatalytic activity by phenol degradation in the aqueous solution with Xe light irradiation. The concentration of phenol is continuously decreased during photocatalyst process by the ZnAl/Ag LDH sample. The degradation rate of the sample is much better than those of the pure LDH and unreduced samples. In this case, phenol solution with the concentration of 20 mg/L can be degraded completely for 120 min.

A shortage of natural resources has led to a focus towards the use of sewage sludge as a fertiliser source due to its high phosphate content. One of the main issues with the use of sewage sludge as a fertiliser source is the concentration of heavy metals, particularly copper, lead and zinc. Economical alternatives to regular lixiviants (sulphuric acid, nitric acid, etc.) for the leaching of heavy metals from solids are weak complexing acids. Ion exchange technology offers an effective method for the recovery of these metals from the leachate. This study presents the pH dependence of Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn recovery from citrate media by the ion exchange resins TP214, MTS9100, MTS9570, MTS9301, MTS9501 and C107E. Copper recovery was found to be maximised by the use of either TP214 at a pH of 5 or MTS9301 at a pH of 2. The phosphonic acid functionality containing resins, MTS9570 and MTS9501 were found to be the most effective for the removal of iron at a pH of 2 and 5, respectively. TP214 and MTS9570 show promising results for the recovery of lead, with the caveat of large copper and iron recovery, respectively and MTS9301shows high affinity towards zinc at high pH, although poor separation from copper

In Japan, biomass power generation is being promoted for effective biomass utilization. However, a major problem is the large amount of biomass combustion ash discharged and disposed of as industrial waste. Environmental problems caused by arsenic (As) occur throughout the world, including Japan. In this study, we attempted to synthesize an Fe-type layered double hydroxide (Fe-LDH) from biomass combustion ash for As removal. During this experiment, the combustion ash was added to HCl to dissolve divalent cations, Ca and Mg, in the ash, and then filtrated. Iron chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O) was added to the filtrate to prepare an acidic liquid mixture with a molar ratio of (Ca+Mg)/Fe = 2-2.5, which was added to 0.3 M NaCl solution and stirred for 6 h to synthesize LDH at 20, 40, and 60°C maintaining a pH 8.5, 10.5, and 12.5, respectively. In addition, the As removal ability of the product was investigated. As a result, the product, including Fe-LDH, prepared from the biomass combustion ash at pH 12.5 at 40^oC demonstrated a strong ability to remove arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)), and the removal percentage of As(III) using the product was higher than that of As(V).

We have been studied the separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides by using tertiary pyridine resin. The adsorption behaviors of actinides and lanthanides on the tertiary pyridine resin in the hydrochloric acid system and the nitric acid system are completely different; namely, actinides are strongly adsorbed compared to lanthanides in the hydrochloric acid system, while in the nitric acid system, the adsorption strength depends on only their ionic radii. For the clarification of the adsorption mechanism, the chromatography experiments using the tertiary pyridine resin and the quaternary pyridinium resin were carried out. From a comparison of the adsorption behaviors on these two types of resins, it was concluded that the adsorption mechanism in the hydrochloric acid system is attributable to the coordination with the pyridine group, while in the nitric acid system, the f-elements are adsorbed on the tertiary pyridine resin by the mechanism of the anion exchange adsorption.

Chemical compounds containing scandium (Sc) are widely applied to various fields such as catalysts, alloys, lamps and etc. Sc is found in mineral ore, and it is necessary to develop efficient Sc separation and recovery technology for the industrial applications. N,N,N’,N’,N’’,N’’-hexaoctylnitrilotriacetamide (HONTA) extractant has been shown to be promising for selective Sc extraction. In this study, applicability of the extraction chromatography technology using HONTA impregnated adsorbent for the selective Sc recovery from other rare earth elements (REs) was experimentally evaluated through batch-wise adsorption/elution studies and column separation experiments. Batch-wise experiments showed that distribution coefficient of Sc onto the HONTA/SiO₂-P adsorbent was far larger than those of other REs at acidity region with 0.001 < [HNO₃] < 4 mol dm^-3 and that the adsorbed Sc was efficiently eluted into 1 M H₂SO₄ solution. Appropriate experimental conditions for the column separation experiment were proposed based on those results, and performance of the flow-sheet was examined for laboratory scale column system. Only Sc in 4 mol dm^-3 HNO₃ solution was adsorbed into a packed column with the adsorbent while other REs were discharged from the column with the feed solution, and then loaded Sc was properly eluted into 1 M H₂SO₄ solution. Purity of the Sc product solution obtained by the column separation experiment depended on Sc recovery ratio, and about 99.9 % purity was achieved with 97 % recovery ratio. The residual Sc was eluted from the column with other REs and did not remain inside the column, therefore repeated used of the column was shown to be possible. This process was shown to be promising for selective Sc recovery from mixture of REs in nitric acid.

4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and 4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one are well-known solvent in the name of propylene carbonate (PC) and butylene carbonate (BC), respectively, and PC is classified to level 1 in terms of combustibility and health hazard by National Fire –Protection Association. Therefore, PC is less toxic and environment-friendly solvent compared to the usual solvents, such as hexane and toluene. PC and BC are not only safe but also are having strong polarity, however, their application to solvent extraction of metal chelates as an extraction solvent were not carried out so much. Then, in this study, PC and BC were applied to N,N-dioctyldiglycolamic acid (DODGAA) extraction of lanthanides as the diluent and their extractabilities were compared with that of hexane. Lanthanum and scandium were found to be affected with solvent comparatively strongly to the other lanthanides. It was observed in the slope analysis of in the relationship between log D vs. pH plots that the some slopes of straight lines in DODGAA-PC and DODGAA-BC system deviated from theoretical value of 3. The possibilities of the change of metal ion concentration based on the volume change due to the mutual dissolution and the formation of different kind of complex other than LnR₃ were considered as the causes for the deviations in a slope analysis and were examined experimentally.

A cellulose fiber was modified with Schiff base compound having the complexation ability of metal ions, and the modified cellulose fiber used as a metal ion adsorbent. The modified cellulose fiber was synthesized by reacting glycidyl methacrylate using diammonium cerium(IV) nitrate as a catalyst followd by reacting with bis-(2-pyridylmethylideneiminoethyl) amine as Schiff base compound having pyridyl groups. The obtained cellulose fiber, BPIEA-GMA grafted cellulose was characterized by SEM, IR, and XPS and used as a metal ion adsorbent. The adsorption behavior of metal ions on the BPIEA-GMA grafted cellulose was investigated. The examined metal ions except for Pb²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Rh²⁺ were almost quantitatively adsorbed on the BPIEA-GMA grafted cellulose fiber. In addition, Pt²⁺ and Pd²⁺ able to adsorbed in hydrochloric acidic medium. The recovery of adsorbed metal ions except for precious metal ions from the adsorbent was successful, and the BPIEA-GMA grafted cellulose was able to use as a metal ion adsorbent by repeated twice. These results suggest that the modified cellulose fiber with Schiff base compound having pyridyl groups can be used as a metal ion adsorbents.

Seven kinds of crown ether resins embedded in high-porous silica beads, benzo-12-crown-4 (BC12), dibenzo-14-crown-4 (DBC14), benzo-15-crown-5 (BC15), benzo-18-crown-6 (BC18), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DBC18), dibenzo-21-crown-7 (DBC21), and dibenzo-22-crown-6 (DBC22) resins, were synthesized successfully and the adsorption behavior of Li ion on these crown ether resins have been studied in seawater at room temperature. As a result, it was found that the ascending order of the distribution coefficients (K_d) values of Li ion using the seven crown ether resins are DBC14 < BC12 ≒ DBC21 ≒ DBC18 < DBC22 < BC18 ≤ BC15 and the BC15 resin has comparatively higher adsorption ability for Li ion. Hence, the adsorption behavior of Li ion using the BC15 resin has been examined in detail. It can be seen that the K_d values of Li ion with the BC15 resin increase sharply with increasing the pH 1.5 to 2.7 in seawater due to the dependence of H⁺ for the adsorption reaction. The K_d values of Li ion increased sharply with increasing the concentration factor (CF) of seawater in order of 0.10, 0.20, 0.33, 0.50, 1.0 while the K_d value of CF = 1.5 of seawater decreased certainly. The decrease is attributable to the adsorption reactions between the BC15 resin and the main cationic ions. The tendency indicates that the BC15 resin has wonderful selective adsorption ability for Li ion in the wide concentration range of seawater. In addition, we have examined the thermodynamics (Temp. = 278 - 333 K) of Li ion on the BC15 resin in seawater by using Van’t Hoff equation. The results also imply that the equilibrium adsorption process between the BC15 resin and Li ion is found to be endothermic and the spontaneous reaction mechanism in nature. From these results, we have proposed that the BC15 resin is available for selective recovery of Li ion from various seawater in the wide temperature range.

To improve stability of sulfur-containing amide derivative group containing adsorbent aimed at the separation of platinum group metals from high-level liquid waste emitted from spent nuclear fuel reprocessing, thiodiglycolamic acid-functionalized silica-gel, TDGAA-Si, was synthesized from 3-aminopropyl functionalized silica-gel and thiodiglycolic anhydride. Adsorption behavior and stability were investigated by batch method. The TDGAA-Si can effectively adsorb Pd(II) from HNO₃ solution, and slow uptake rate of Ru(III) and Rh(III) were improved by temperature elevation. Stability of the TDGAA-Si was considered to be higher than thiodiglycolamic acid impregnated adsorbent because no oil droplets on the liquid phase were observed after the batch adsorption experiments using the TDGAA-Si.

Ion-exchange technology offers a low-energy potential route to the recovery of fluoride from aluminium industry leachate. This study presents an investigation into the kinetics of fluoride uptake from a simulant leachate and for comparison, from a simple NaF solution, using a lanthanum-loaded chelating resin. Experimental data were found to follow the Ho pseudo 2^nd-order rate law and the Elovich equation, suggesting that, although multiple uptake mechanisms occurred on heterogeneous binding sites, the process was chemical reaction-controlled. The maximum observed rate constants were calculated as 0.760 ± 0.01 g mg^-1 min^-1 (NaF solution) and 0.0724 ± 0.0125 mg^-1 min^-1 (leachate). However, the maximum calculated equilibrium uptake for the leachate was 26.9 ± 0.2 mg g^-1, which was almost twice as high as for NaF solution (14.0 ± 0.9 mg g^-1).

To separate Y (III) and Sr(II) from a Sr(II)-Y(III) mixed solution, a silica-based (HDEHP+Oct)/SiO₂-P adsorbent was prepared by successive impregnation and fixing the bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (HDEHP) and its molecule modifier 1-octanol into the macroporous SiO₂-P support with a mean diameter of 50 μm. The adsorption and separation of Y(III) and Sr(II) from HNO₃ or HCl solutions onto the adsorbent were investigated by batch and column methods. The adsorbent showed a higher adsorption affinity to Y(III) than Sr(II). The adsorption of Y(III) decreased as the acidity of the solution increased. The adsorption of Y(III) could be expressed by the Langmuir adsorption model and was governed by chemisorption. In column experiments, using a column packed with (HDEHP+Oct)/SiO₂-P adsorbent, Sr(II) and Y(III) were eluted by HNO₃ or HCl solution, respectively. The separation of Y(III) from Sr(II)-Y(III) mixed solution was achieved successfully.

The adsorption properties of banana fibers for rare-earth metal ions (La³⁺, Gd³⁺, Tm³⁺, Pr³⁺, Tb³⁺, Yb³⁺, Nd³⁺, Dy³⁺, Lu³⁺, Sm³⁺, Ho³⁺, Eu³⁺, and Er³⁺) were investigated, and the concentrations of metal ions were measured by using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The pH value of the aqueous phase was measured using a pH meter equipped with glass electrodes. Over 70% of all the metal ions were adsorbed on non-treated banana fiber at pH values ranging from 2.0 to 6.0. On the other hand, using alkali-treated banana fiber, the adsorption ratio for rare-earth metal ions increased with pH. The reaction equation for the alkali-treated banana fiber system was investigated by the slope analysis between logarithmic distribution ratio and pH. The results suggest that not only the hydroxy groups originated from the interaction between cellulose and metal ions but also other negative ions might be involved in the ion-exchange reaction in the alkali-treated banana fiber. Such distinct behavior raises the possibility of the utilization of banana fibers in the separation and adsorption of metal ions.

Food safety is one of the concerned issues. As a result, the managements to protect consumers adequately from foodborne illness are to be required. The standard method for specific pathogen detection is culture method. However, conventional methods based on culture have disadvantages of time-consuming, which might cause infectious diseases to spread rapidly. Therefore, rapid and simple methods for bacteria detection have been attracting much attention in this research area. Recently, we developed dipicolylamine (dpa)-modified fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FSiNP) for bacteria detection. In this study, we prepared two FSiNPs (Bt/dpa-HCC/FSiNP and B/FSiNP) whose surfaces were modified with dipicolylamine or phenyl boronic acid. Cu-Bt/dpa-HCC/FSiNP formed aggregates with both S. aureus and E. coli, whereas B/FSiNP formed aggregates with S. aureus selectively. Bt/dpa-HCC/FSiNP could examine the existence of bacteria in water and B/FSiNP could detect either S. aureus or E. coli. These results demonstrated that surface-functionalized silica nanoparticles could detect bacteria in water within 10 min.

Saccharides play vital roles in regulating birth, immunity, and differentiation. In nature, these saccharides were recognized by lectin. However, lectins are easily denatured by environmental changes, so artificial chemical sensors are highly desired. Herein, we developed boronic acid fluorescent probe (B-Nap-C4) for saccharide recognition. B-Nap-C4/cyclodextrin (CyD) complex gel was prepared and evaluated the saccharide recognition function. B-Nap-C4/b-CyD gel could recognize lower concentration of saccharides by comparison with B-Nap-C4/b-CyD solution. B-Nap-C4/b-CyD gel selectively adsorbed fructose and showed fluorescence emission. The gel could capture and condense fructose from saccharide solution. Thus a trace amount of fructose can be selectively detected by fluorescence intensity changes of the gel. Also, the B-Nap-C4/b-CyD gel was found to be recycled for saccharide adsorption in water.

For electric energy storage device, electrodes with nanosheet architectures can offer the possibility to achieve enhanced energy storage performance. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is one of the candidate of electrode materials for electrochemical capacitor. Herein, we have successfully synthesized CoAl, NiAl and NiFe LDH nano-films grown on Ni substrate by hydrothermal methods. For CoFe, LDH nano-film cannot be obtained using same experiment conditions. SEM micrographs show that the thickness of LDH layered nanosheet are ~100, ~ 40 and ~85 nm for CoAl, NiAl and NiFe samples. The LDHs nanosheet film were grown perpendicularly on the substrate as electrode materials. The electrochemical performance of LDHs were tested by cyclic voltammetry. The measured cyclic voltammograms indicated that CoAl LDH has the best reversibility and the highest capacitance (554 F/g) among the three types of LDHs. A good cycling stability was also observed for the CoAl LDH nanosheet with the specific capacitance remained at 425 F/g and retained 77.3% of the high value after 6000 cycles at current density 10A/g.

For removal and long term storage of radioactive cesium ion (Cs⁺) which diffused into the environment by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, pollucite (POL: Cs₁₆Si₃₂Al₁₆O₉₆·nH₂O) which is a cesium containing mineral was synthesized by using a solution containing sodium silicate, sodium aluminate and cesium chloride, and the optimum synthesis condition for Cs⁺ removal and insolubilization was determined. POL synthesis was carried out at 200°C for 24 h, in the Si/Al molar ratio range of 0.5 to 7.0 and in the Cs⁺ concentration range of 10 to 5000 mg dm^-3. The product was characterized using X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy. After synthesis of POL, the concentration of Cs⁺ remained in the solution which was not incorporated into POL was determined by using atomic adsorption spectrophotometer. The Cs⁺ dissolution experiment was carried out with the synthesized product in a 0.6 M NaCl solution for 24 h. It was revealed that excellent Cs⁺ removal and insolubilization were confirmed by the formation of POL with Si/Al molar ratio of 2.0 and 2.5 in the mixed solution adjusted to 2500 mg dm^-3 Cs⁺ concentration. In addition, even in low Cs⁺ concentrations (100 mg dm^-3), the excellent Cs⁺ removal and insolubilization were achieved with POL having Si/Al molar ratio of 2.0. Moreover, if Si/Al molar ratio was adjusted to be 2.0 to 2.5, Cs⁺ (100 mg dm^-3 to 2500 mg dm^-3) could remove effectively and store stably long time.

Recycling of fluoride industrial wastes is difficult to dispose, since the fluoride ions eluted again easily. In this study, newly effective inhibition method in both neutral and alkaline region for fluoride elution was investigated. Fluoride elution concentration from CaF₂ was 9.8 mg/L at pH 8.1 and 288.5 mg/L at pH 12.2 with water/solid ratio of 10. Additions of Ca(OH)₂, CaCl₂ and NH₄H₂PO₄ could restrain fluoride elution concentration of CaF₂ to 0.22 mg/L in the neutral region. This inhibition of fluoride elution was due to a generation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) or chlorapatite (ClAp) which has high ion exchange capacity. Additions of Portland cement, Ca(OH)₂ and MgCl₂ could restrain fluoride elution concentration of CaF₂ to 0.47 mg/L in alkaline region. It was only 0.16% of 288.5mg/L which was the fluoride elution concentration from CaF₂ at pH 12.2. The elution of fluoride ions was restrained by the coprecipitating of CaF₂ with the high content of Ca²⁺ provided from Ca(OH)₂ and cement hydrates. The carbonation of Ca²⁺ was prevented by the addition of Mg²⁺. Moreover, the forming of ettringite with a high ion-exchange capacity and the solidification effect of Ca-bearing hydrates contributed to the inhibition of the elution of fluoride. These additives for the practical industrial wastes, such as paper sludge and coal ash, with high concentration of fluoride were conducted. The result indicates that the fluoride elution could be restrained to meet the environmental standard (0.8 mg/L) in Japan in alkaline region. This inhibition method for fluoride elution would be able to contribute to promotion of recycling of fluoride industrial wastes.

Nitrate contamination of surface and groundwater is one of the main problems associated with agricultural activities in many part of the world, and there is an urgent need to develop effective materials and process for efficiently removing excess nitrate from aquatic environment. On the other hands, bittern is one of the resources from seawater to be desired for a new utilization, and contains high amounts of Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺. In this study, we attempted to prepare the adsorbent with high removal performance for nitrate from bittern. The product including Fe-type layered double hydroxide (Fe-LDH), which has nitrate removal ability, was synthesized from bittern with addition of cheap agent, FeCl₃. Fe-LDH can be synthesized from bittern with addition of FeCl₃, and the product from the bittern has removal ability for nitrate ion. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of the product for nitrate were measured and extrapolated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and experimental data are found to fit Freundlich than Langmuir. The calculated maximum adsorption capacity for nitrate is 0.32 - 0.47 mmol/g. Adsorption of nitrate increase within 30 min and then gradually decrease, due to the ion exchange reaction of Fe-LDH, and Ca²⁺ is eluted from the product during the nitrate removal. The product can remove nitrate ion selectively in salty solution.

The adsorption method for heavy metal removal from wastewater is focused because of its simplicity and high versatility, and sulfur-impregnated carbonaceous adsorbent is expected as heavy metal adsorbent with high performance at low cost. In this study, sulfur-impregnated carbonaceous filter for removing heavy metals were prepared by pyrolysis of cotton immersed in sulfur solution, K₂S, Na₂S and NaHS, and the adsorption behavior of nickel was investigated. A nickel adsorption experiment was carried out using a syringe. The sulfur-immersed carbonaceous filter was prepared from cotton via pyrolysis at 400 °C for 1 h after immersing to sulfur solution for 12 h. In the experiment, a syringe which filled with 1 g of the obtained filter and glass wool was used, and a nickel solution was passed through the syringe. The filter with nickel adsorption can be prepared using all sulfur solutions, especially the product prepared by using Na₂S has higher adsorption ability than the products using K₂S and NaHS. The product obtained using over 0.4 M K₂S solution was effective for nickel adsorption. The equilibrium data of nickel adsorption on the product using 1 M K₂S was found to Langmuir isotherm model better than Freundlich, and the calculated maximum adsorption capacity is 0.215 mmol/g.

In this study, it is attempted to prepare the adsorbent with highly selective phosphorus adsorption material from zircon sand by a simple mechanochemical treatment. The phosphorus adsorption property of the products obtained under various mechanochemical treatment conditions were investigated by various phosphorus adsorption experiments. With increasing the time of mechanochemical treatment, the phosphorus adsorption amount of the product increased within 10 min, regardless the ball diameter. The phosphorus adsorption amount of the product was about 2.5 times larger than that of the raw zircon sand. The adsorption amount of phosphorus increased with decreasing the pH value at the equilibrium, and was about 3.5 times larger at pH 1 than at pH 7. The product showed the same adsorption amount in Imari bay seawater as that in the aqueous solution at pH 7, which means that phosphorus can be selectively adsorbed on the product in the solution with high salt concentration. The adsorption isotherm at pH 1 was found to applicable to Langmuir model rather than Freundlich model. The maximum calculated adsorption amount was 0.034 mmol g^-1. XRD and FT-IR analyses of the product did not change greatly by mechanochemical treatment, except the Zr-O binding of zircon sand.

We investigated removal of arsenic (As) from water using a combination of adsorption on a N-methylglucamine-modified chelate fiber and oxidation of As(III) to As(V) by manganese dioxide. Batch experiments revealed that the chelate fiber had high selectivity for As(V) over As(III), especially in the acidic pH region, because of differences in the species distribution of As in an aqueous solution. Oxidative and selective adsorption of As(III) was achieved when manganese dioxide was added to the adsorption system with the chelate fiber. The oxidative adsorption could be performed using the connected columns of the manganese dioxide and the chelate fiber. As(III) in the aqueous feed solution was oxidized to As(V) as it passed through the manganese dioxide column, and this was followed by adsorption of As(V) in the chelate fiber column. This method provides a simple removal method of As, as both As(III) and As(V), from water.

Activated carbon fiber (ACF) from cellulose based ACF (KF1500) was modified to give anion ion exchange functionality using three sequential modification methods; acetonitrile thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 800°C, heat treatment at 950°C and then steam activation at 800°C for the purpose of maximizing ion exchange capacity of nitrate (NO₃^-). The maximum adsorption amount of 0.71 mmol/g was achieved, which was 1.9 times larger than non-modified original KF1500 (0.38 mmol/g) but a half the amount of ion exchange resin of HP555 (1.4 mmol/g), under the same experimental conditions.