This article focuses on the emotional aspect of cities and models the relationships between civic pride and physical and intangible elements which are shared within a city. Interpreted both as an individual's feelings and as a local strategy, civic pride can provide a point of connection. First, we investigate the notion of civic pride. Next, we show the trend in sources or symbols of civic pride: these include elements of the built environment, both internationally and within Japan. Finally, using Structural Equation Modeling, we model how sources of civic pride engender each factor of civic pride and how the evaluation of the built environment fosters each of these factors.

In this article, the basics of spatial behavior analysis and its application methods are introduced. More specifically, the features of multi-agent simulation based on spatial behavior models are described according to the viewpoints required for planning, which represent the fundamental process for planning administration. Finally, we demonstrate the possibility and the capability of spatial behavior analysis for planning administration by citing specific examples of spatial behavior analysis.

In this article we provide an overview of the continuous facility location model and introduce the procedure for deriving the Huff model to describe residents' facility choice behavior using the disaggregate logit model. In this procedure, both exponential and power-type Huff models are derived depending on the setting of the utility function. It is important that the former is affected by the moving speed of the area, but the latter is not affected. Next, the facility location problem to maximize the average expected utility is formulated for uniform demand on a line segment. The optimal solution depends on the mobility level of the area, and when the latter rises above a certain threshold, all facilities aggregate to the median of the demand distribution. This theoretical solution is helpful in considering the optimal facility location in regional planning.

Visualizations of the interactions between cities and regions form one field of urban analysis. In this paper, we focus on the map-metamorphic visualization of spatial interrelationships (interrelationships between cities and regions), outline their methods, and present example results.

First, the “cartogram,” which is the basis of the method of visualizing the analysis results of geographic information, is briefly described. Next, we consider “time distance,” that is, the travel time between cities and regions, as one of the most typical examples of spatial interrelationships. In this way, “time maps” are shown and their applications explained.

The standard nature of time distance is that the longer the distance, the longer the time required, but the opposite is often the case in regional relationships, as seen with the probabilities of interactions and other aspects. This paper also describes a method for expressing information with the opposing properties of physical distance and time distance.

Ratios represent a key measure in quantitative analyses. However, they often cause misleading interpretations. For example, the ratio of one to ten is equal to that of one thousand to ten thousand, yet these two cases have different meanings from a statistical viewpoint. Suppose that these numbers represent cases of a disease. One case among ten humans may happen by chance, whereas the occurrence of one thousand cases among ten thousand people strongly suggests a structural cause of the disease, such as air or water pollution, contact transmission, or droplet transmission. A statistical framework is necessary to distinguish such cases, where likelihood plays a key role. This paper introduces a statistical framework for visualizing variations in spatial patterns and detecting spatial anomalies. The procedure allows us to evaluate the relative probability that spatial patterns occur by chance under null hypotheses, resolving the problem mentioned above. Two existing studies are introduced, followed by a discussion on the generalization of the applications. Examples show the wide range of spatial patterns that can be analyzed using the proposed framework.

In this paper, we introduce a traffic assignment model for commuters traveling within the public railway network in the Tokyo metropolitan area. In order to handle the origin-destination traffic demand depending on time, we constructed a time-space network that accurately expresses the timetable of trains in the network. A time-space network has nodes (which represent each train's arrival/departure at a station) and links (which represent each train's travel). A time-space network is a useful tool to estimate damage incurred by railway passengers caused by an earthquake around the metropolitan area and to plan for spectators visiting for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.