In this paper, after considering the economic effects of the Tokyo Olympics and the Osaka Expo held in the 1960s, we will also examine the economic effects of TOKYO 2020 and EXPO 2025 (Osaka/Kansai Expo) on the 2020s. Analyzing the status of the 1960s and 2020s by business cycle theory, we see a "super economy" in which the rise of both the Kuznets cycle and the Kondratieff cycle has progressed or they are both in the process of rising. In conclusion, it can be said that the improvement of the business cycle has helped solidify the rising phase of the Japanese economy or is becoming synergistic with the economic effects of the Olympic Games held in Tokyo and the expos held (or to be held) in Osaka.

The Olympic legacy has been considered as a “negative” post-Olympic hangover, from which host cities have suffered for a long time. Yet, both the International Olympic Committee and host cites endeavored to achieve “positive” Olympic legacies after the Games in the beginning of 2000s. The 2012 London Olympics, in particular, became a historic benchmark, as it established various legacy strategies to satisfy both Olympic demands and the regenerative ambition of the city. In this paper, the author compares the legacy planning of the 2012 London and the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. In particular, the paper explores both cases from the spatial, temporal, organizational, and media viewpoints, and tries to extract what both cities could achieve and what issues are still unsolved in the field of Olympic legacy planning. Although the spatial strategies of both cities are different, Tokyo's legacy planning has been characterized by ambiguity and a lack of openness, compared to that of London.

In this paper, I first describe the characteristics of the TOKYO 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games and its legacy as presented by the Organization Committee and Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Then I explain how we should face our ageing society and deal with global environmental problems beyond the legacy of the Games.

The Paralympic Games were especially important for Japan, which is swiftly turning into an aged society. Transportation facilities were improved for the Games based on universal design.

And a new lifestyle has been promoted from possibilities realized through the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT).

In an aged society, Japan needs citizens to work or support the local community until at least 70 years of age, taking advantage of using these new devices and initiatives. Working in and supporting the community will promote good health and happiness.

And managing a Smart City is essential to promoting a sustainable society. Tokyo reused urban resources and prepared new sports facilities and the Athlete's Village in the Bay Area for the Games. But because the Tokyo Bay Area had lacked a sufficient transportation system, Transportation Demand Management was adopted with the cooperation of related entities and companies. These experiences should also be applied for future sustainable cities.

What kind of economic impact do international mega-events such as the Olympic Games have on the host city? When the decision was made to host the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, an increase in the number of foreigners visiting Japan was expected to boost consumption. Since this consumption included accommodation in hotels and other facilities, there was a rush to build hotels. Furthermore, investment in infrastructure, such as the development of transport networks, accelerated. Such events can often be measured through changes in the property market. What did this mega-event leave behind in the host city when observed in a comparison of pre- and post-event periods? This paper focuses on international capital flow in the property market and examines the expected effects.

The construction of many facilities in Tokyo Waterfront City for the 2020 Olympics will have great significance for the future urban structure of Tokyo. The ring-shaped structure of Tokyo and its adjacent neighborhoods is nearing completion with the development of the Waterfront. The Olympic facilities that were built on the Waterfront, which was a blank area of the ring-shaped city structure. The emblems selected for the 2020 Olympics in a newly-held competition are embedded with a message of “diversity and harmony” for the Olympics and Paralympics, defining it as a venue where the world can connect and diversity will be mutually accepted. From here, I hope discussions transition to the more essential topic of what we can leave behind for the next generation through the 2020 Olympics. One of the reasons why Tokyo is not isolated even if it conflicts with the national government is that it is structurally integrated with neighboring prefectures through the metropolitan area concept. Tokyo has the same interests as neighboring Kanagawa, Saitama, Chiba and Ibaraki in terms of economy and living. It is hoped that the Tokyo Metropolitan Government will continue to extend its unique policies to the country, both politically and administratively.

The Tokyo 2020 Games were postponed for a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic and were eventually held in 2021. Nevertheless, the Games brought about wide-ranging legacy from the beginning of preparations in 2013 until the end of the Games, and that legacy seems to have been fostered thereafter as well. This paper focuses on traffic management, a representative legacy of the Games, and describes the process of introducing measures such as travel demand management, traffic system management, and road-pricing measures for the Metropolitan Expressway. From the viewpoint of one directly involved in and responsible for Games-related traffic management, the value of the traffic management are discussed as a legacy, including the background and the inevitability of policy judgment.

In local areas, there is a growing movement to incorporate the knowledge and skills of external human resources to implement regional development. This study regards such movements in local areas as regional open innovation. Applying the open innovation process used by companies as an analogy, and using that process as an analytical framework, we analyze the process practiced in regional areas. The cases of Masuda City in Shimane Prefecture and Yamatsuri Town in Fukushima Prefecture were the subjects of the study. Our research shows that the process practiced in regions is not just a one of incorporating knowledge and skills, but a method of creating trust and collaboration. We also discuss the mechanisms and functions required by each region through analysis results and interview surveys of 20 stakeholders.