It examined about the method of the HPLC post-column derivatization which used the reaction reagent of the chromotropic acid to analyze small amount boron in various water samples, and it developed the HPLC system of analyzing simultaneously with the inorganic anions such as fluorine, chlorine, nitric acid, nitrous acid, sulfuric acid and boron.
This method was separated an component of anions by column of HPLC and after analyzing a fluorine, chlorine, nitric acid, nitrous acid and sulfuric acid with the conductivity detector, it analyzed boron with the fluorescence detector at ex. 330nm and em. 355nm by the method of the post-column derivatization.
It compared about the measurement value of this method, the ICP emission spectrochemical analysis and other method for boron in environment samples. As a result, the measurement value of this method and ICP agreed.
It seems to be effective as the simultaneous analysis method of inorganic anions such as fluorine, chlorine, nitric acid, nitrous acid, sulfuric acid and boron in the tap and river water.

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Quantification method by liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP/MS) was developed for analyzing five arsenic species, arsenate (As ^(III) ), arsenate (As ^(V) ), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) and arsenobetaine (AB), in environmental water. Addition of EDTA into the samples and into the elluent prevented arsenic complex formation with coexisting metals which had inhibited arsenic quantification, therefore it obviously improved the quantified values of arsenic compounds by 0-40% and stability of quantification. Batch experiments showed no adsorption of arsenic compounds onto kaolin, algae and humic substances. Arsenic species in examined ground waters and hot springs mainly consisted of Asp ^(III) and As ^(V) , and the sum of their individual concentration completely matched with the total quantification value obtained by ICP/MS analysis in each sample.

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In a previous study, we concluded that the resident birds such as black-tailed gull (Larus crassirostris) in Nakdong River Estuary (NRE), Korea, were more contaminated by PCDD/Fs and PCBs than migratory gulls and snipes, which are periodical visitors in this estuary. The present study investigated on the contaminants in black-tailed gull from two major breeding grounds (NanDo and HongDo) in Korea. The objectives were to determine the levels of PCDD/Fs, non-ortho PCBs, total PCBs, DDTs, HCHs, chlordane compounds (CHLs) and HCB in eggs of black-tailed gull, and to assess the toxicological impact of PCDD/Fs and non-ortho PCBs on their eggs on the basis of TEQ.
All target compounds were detected from all tested eggs from two breeding grounds. The main PCDD/F congeners detected in black-tailed gull and their eggs were 1, 2, 3, 7, 8-PeCDD, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8-PeCDF and 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8-HxCDD/F. These congeners also dominated in the same species from other NRE location studied earlier. Among organochlorines (OCs) analysed in this study, PCB concentrations was the highest, and PCB 126 (3, 3′, 4, 4′, 5-PeCB) was the most predominant of the non-ortho PCBs.
It was found that the penta-chlorinated planar compounds such as 1, 2, 3, 7, 8-PeCDD, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8-PeCDF and 3, 3′, 4, 4′, 5-PeCB (PCB 126) gave remarkably higher contribution to bird-TEQ_WHO.1998, compared to the other PCDD/Fs and non-ortho PCBs. The majority of TEQ in all samples was contributed by non-ortho PCBs. PCB 126 was the most important contributor, accounting for 67-88% of TEQs.High levels of TEQs in some of eggs analysed in this study were in the range of LOAEL for adverse reproduction of wood duck. For some organochlorines, there are apparent geographical variations in pollution levels in eggs between both breeding sites.

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A quantitative structure and property relationships (QSPR) analysis on gas chromatograph relative retention times (GC-RRTs) of dioxin related compounds, such as PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, and PCNs, and their molecular structure was carried out by using quantum chemical and topological descriptors. It was found that there was a different change in GC-RRTs depending on solvent accessible surface area (SAS) between the congeners and the isomers. To elucidate the gas chromatograph retention characteristics of the isomers, an analysis on the basis of the connectivity indices (X) was performed. By classifying the isomers in terms of the number of the adjacent chlorine atoms (Nad-Cl), a significant relationship between GC-RRTs and ³X -³X^v ranging in the same Nad-Cl category was found. It was revealed by MOPAC93 calculation that there was a close correlation between the descriptor, ³X -³X^v and the summation of charge at hydrogen atoms bonded to the skeleton of the molecules, Q_H.

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2, 4, 6-tribromophenol was detected in the final effluent of a night soil treatment plant in Shizuoka, Japan. The concentration was determined from 0.26μg/l to 0.45μg/l by GC/MS analysis. It was suggested that 2, 4, 6-tribromophenol was formed by bromination of phenol with hypobromous acid, which was produced from bromide ions by treatment with sodium hypochlorite in disinfection process. Relatively high concentration of bromide ions is considered to arise from the ground water used in dilution aerating system, because this plant lies near the sea coast.

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An analytical condition of ICP-MS has been developed for accurate and rapid determination of uranium in environmental samples. The sample was digested with HF/HNO₃/HClO₄, then uranium was determined by internal standardization method to compensate for non-spectroscopic interferences arising from matrix elements in the sample solution. Platinum was found to be effective as an internal standard.
Analytical results of 10 certified reference materials showed good agreement with the certified or reference values. The precision for the determination of uranium (relative standard deviation at 5 determinations) was 1.3-2.2% when Buffalo River Sediment and SL-1 were analyzed.
Uranium was detected in the range from 0.28 to 1.9μg/g in sediments, 0.80 to 6.5 μg/g in sewage sludge, fly ash and suspended particulates, 0.004 to 0.068μg/l in river and spring water, and 2.6μg/l in seawater.
The determination limit (10σ) was 0.004μg/l in solution or 0.004μg/g in environmental samples.

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The adsorption and reduction characteristics of Hg²⁺ by a green alga, Chlorella sp. were investigated in the presence of Cl^- Volatilization of mercury was greatly affected by the concentration of Cl^- and rapid volatilization was observed at Cl^- concentration at which [HgCl₂] ⁰ complex was dominant. Toxicity of Hg²⁺ to Chlorella cells was also enhanced under the same conditions. Although the amount of Hg²⁺ adsorbed on the surface of the cells decreased with increasing Cl^- concentration, the amount of Hg²⁺ taken up into the cells increased with increasing distribution ratio of [HgCl₂] ⁰ complex in the system. These results indicate that the formation of [HgCl₂] ⁰ complex facilitated the uptake of Hg²⁺ into Chlorella cells, and hence, the rate of Hg²⁺ reduction under light irradiated conditions and the toxicity of Hg²⁺ to the cells were greatly enhanced.

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Mutagenicities and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of the dichloromethane extracts from airborne particulates, which were collected with a low flow rate cascade Impactor, were investigated. Particulates in indoor air from 10 volunteer homes in Tokyo and its suburbs were collected into 3 classes (≥10 μm, 2.5-10μm and ≤2.5μm) for 24hr, and it was repeated 3 times. Particulates in outdoor air around the homes were also collected in the same manner. The mutagenicity of the extract was measuered by a microsuspension method (high sensitive Ames method) using Salmonella typhimurium YG1024. As the results, (1) the mutagenicity without S9mix was higher than that with S9mix, (2) the extract from outdoor particulates had higher mutagenicity than that from indoor particulates, and (3) the mutagenicity was higher with smaller particulate size. The PAH concentration of the particulate also showed the same tendency as the last result “ (3) ”. More than 80-90% of PAH was contained in the extract from the smallest class (≤2.5μm) almost in every case. Correlations between mutagenicities and PAH concentrations were not always satisfactory, and pollutants in indoor air did not always coincide with those in outdoor air.

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A solid phase extraction method was applied to determination of 9 adipates in water sample. A water sample of one liter added with di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate-d₈ as a surrogate compound was passed through a SDB-XC disk after filtration with a glass-fiber filter.
Adipates on the disk were eluted with 10 ml of acetone and, then 10 ml of ethyl acetate. After dehydration with anhydrous sodium sulfate, the combined eluate is concentrated to 1 ml and then added with fluorene-d₁₀ and crysene-d₁₂ as the internal standards for GC/MS determination.
Adipates on suspended substances on the glass-fiber filter were extracted ultrasonically with 20 ml of acetone for 15 min. After centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 min, the extracts were concentrated to 1 ml and then added with the internal standards for GC/MS determination.
The overall recoveries of the target compounds were 70.9% to 121% from filtrate of river water and 71.2% to 108% from suspended substances.

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