Resistance to ADL care and relationships with medical staff or care providers are important factors for patients with moderate Alzheimer type dementia. In this study, by observing the in volvement of staff during patient resistance to ADL care, we aimed to examine what "desirable care" would be. The study observed 7 patients with moderate Alzheimer's type dementia hospitalized in a geriatric dementia ward, and the 20 care-providers with whom they interacted. We used a paticipant observation method involving direct observation and recorded findings. Each patient was observed for a total of 40 hours. When a patient expressed a smile at the end of the care, after resistance had been seen in the beginning, it was considered to be satisfied care. On the other hand, if a smile was not expressed, it was considered to be unsatisfied care. When care was unable to be completed, and if a smile was not expressed, it was considered to be interrupted care. Data was analyzed by comparing each care type. Care patterns were observed in the care-providers for patients. The length of time they spent on each aspect of care was noted. For ADL care of toileting, dressing, and eating, satisfied care showed statistically significant differences with longest time spent. In each aspect of care, the existence of "Daily conversation" and "Explanation of the care (reasoning with the patient)" was examined in respect to the care-provider's voice. In toileting, dressing and bathing, satisfied care was significantly related to the existence of "Daily conversation". When care was resisted, it was thought that overcoming the resistance related to the achievement of the care by satisfying the patient through spending time and engaging in daily conversation.

Study purpose: To examine the characteristic of pediatric nurses by comparing nurses of a pediatric hospital (specialist group) and a pediatric ward of a general hospital(pediatrics group), with a mixed ward containing adults and children (mixed group), with regard to their awareness of what is in the chlidren's best interests, as ensured in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and how much this is taken into consideration in practice.

Method: Questionnaire survey given to a total of 450 nurses: 171 in the specialist group; 141 in the pediatrics group; and 138 in the mixed group.

Results: (1) Awareness of children's rights tended to be greater than the degree the rights were observed in practice. As for the tendencies of the groups overall, the pediatrics group exhibited greater awareness than the mixed group; the pediatrics group observed them more than the specialist group did. (2) Regarding explanations to children or encouragement to make their own decisions, all groups tended to have strong awareness. (3) Regarding the protection of the privacy of children and their families, the pediatrics group practiced the rights more than the mixed group did. (4)Average score showing awareness of rights and their practice for ensuring the safety and comfort of chlidren was high for all groups. (5) The pediatrics group respected wishes of chlidren and their parents more than the specialist group did. (6)The pediatrics and specialist groups exhibited greater awareness than did the mixed group regarding development of children and providing information. (7) Both awareness of the need for family support and providing this support were higher in the pediatrics and specialists groups than they were in the mixed group. We hope these results contribute to improving care with a primary focus on protecting children's rights.

　The purpose of this study was to examine through longitudinal data how one's cognition of one's mother changes from adolescence to adulthood. The subjects were twenty female graduates of a nursing junior college now in their thirties who had written their life histories as a report assignment in the college. After 11 years, they participated in interviews in which they were asked about their mothers, such as what kind of person their mothers were, or whether their feelings towards their mothers had undergone any changes.

　Comparisons were made between the descriptions of their mothers that they wrote from early chlidhood to period of junior college in 1994 and what they told in the interview in 2005. It was showed that for the positive feelings towards one's mother or meaning of mother there were the common parts that did not change over time. On the other hand, there was a tendency for negative aspects to be described objectively, in contrast to the rather strong feelings described up through their adolescence. As to relationship between cognition of their mothers in adulthood and that in adolescence, narratives about their mothers now were often similar to description of their life histories 11 years earlier ; many who described good relationship 11 years ago, also told positively now, many who described problem and conflict in relation before also told negatively now, and many who told in both aspects in interview now, described rare relationship in early childhood, then described problematic relation gradually as they got older, and good relationship in college period.