This article was analyzed based on longitudinal data of 66 nursing students which were gathered in two time points, before and after nursing practice, through questionaire about resilience and self-esteem. The purpose was to examine 1)change of resilience and self-esteem in two time points, 2)the relationship between scores of these two variables, 3)the relationship between these two variables and cognition of nursing practice which was asked after nursing practice.

　The results were as follows ; 1)There were no significant change in self-esteem, and regarding pursuit for novelty, orientation to meta-cognition, and orientation to relatedness which are subordinate scales of resilience, scores increased, 2)Some subordinate scales of resilience showed correlation with self-esteem, and some did not, 3)-1 Self-esteem showed higher correlation with cognition of nursing practice than resilience, and negative cognition showed higher correlation with self-esteem, but positive cognition showed higher correlation with resilience, 3)-2 Correlation with cognition of nursing practice and two variables after nursing practice were higher than before, 3)-3 Analysis where we divided four combination groups of positive and negative cognition of nursing practice and high and low scores, showed scores of self-esteem were high in adaptation group（high in positive and low in negative）and scores of resilience were high not only in adaptation group but also in learning group（low in both positive and negative）where one considered nursing practice as hard but learning much.

　During the isolation period in the Edo era, cultural exchange between Japan and U.S.A. is considered to have been less than that with other European and Asia countries. After Japan opened diplomatic relations, those two countries became the most influential countries in politics, economics and culture. The history of Japanese books kept at Yale University Beinecke Rare Book Library was started by Kan’ichi Asakawa（1873－1948）, who brought Japanese old books to the Library of Congress and Yale University. There are few old medical books in these libraries, but they have “Youjoukun” and “Kaitaishinsho-doubanzenzu”.

　Harvey Cushing John Whitney Medical Library, which is Medical Library of Yale University, has the Clements C. Fry Collection. That collection contains “Inshoku Youjou Kagami”, a Nishikie style Ukiyoe print, and ten printings from “Byoka Suchi” by Jyumei Hirano as Japanese medical reference. These are the only Japanese prints in the Fry Collection, which is composed of about 2000 prints and drawings focused on the last 500 years medical history of the world.

　Herein I discuss the Fry Collection, focusing on understanding of old Japanese Medicine.

　Similar 11 prints are kept in Juntendo University Yamazaki Bunko.

　The purpose of this study was to review the main psychological theories about guilt and to classify different types of guilt according to certain criteria. We identified four groups by using two criteria as follows: The first criterion is based on the person for whom one feels guilt, and the second criterion is based on whether one considers only his own act and basically mono-directive, or compares his act with the acts of others.

　The first type of guilt arises from a focus on what one has done and is self-reproach of doing wrong from the viewpoint of an authority like God or his own. Many earlier psychological studies have documented this type of guilt. The second type of guilt is that which centers on the other whom one has injured or has influenced, in relation with others, and that in recent years has been studied vigorously. The third type is the guilt which results from a disequilibrium in an interaction between one person and the other. The fourth is the guilt which results from a disequilibrium between one person and another who has no particular relationship to him. Even though there have been few studies of the third and the fourth types, the fourth type has come to be referred to as survivor's guilt, and the third type is expressed in the Ajase complex and Naikan therapy, both of which developed originally in Japan. The third type is also described in Shuusaku Endo's literary works, which depict the figure of Christ as different from the Christ of Western interpretation. These examples support the notion that Japanese are apt to feel the third type of guilt.