Japanese Journal of Health Physics
Online ISSN : 1884-7560
Print ISSN : 0367-6110
ISSN-L : 0367-6110
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Volume 13, Issue 3
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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  • Chromosomal Estimation of Radiation Effects in Man
    Takaaki ISHIHARA
    1978 Volume 13 Issue 3 Pages 171-182
    Published: 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.13.171
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Chromosome abnormalities induced in peripheral lymphocytes are excellent biological indicators of radiation exposure. The estimate of the absorbed dose of radiation based on the chromosome aberration yield is considered the most dependable means of the biological dosimetry. In this brief review, several aspects of the use of radiation-induced chromosome abnormalities for the assessment of the biological effects of radiation are discussed; chromosome abnormalities induced by radiation, the yields of chromosome abnormalities in relation to dose, quality and dose rate of radiation, dosimetry shortly after exposure and after many years, and the capacity of chromosome abnormalities as indicators of radiation effects in the low dose level.
    Chromosome abnormalities to be used for the estimate are chromosome type abnormalities such as dicentrics, rings and others, among which dicentrics and rings are regarded as the most adequate since they can be easily detected, and are highly dose-dependent. On the basis of the yield of dicentrics and rings, an absorbed dose equivalent to as low as about 10rad of 60CO gamma rays may be estimated. Even many years after exposure when there are no other indicators remaining, chromosome abnormalities can still serve as fairly reliable indicators.
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  • PHOTON ENERGY SPECTRA IN THE VICINITY OF NUCLEAR REACTORS
    Yoshiyuki NAKASHIMA, Kousuke KATSURAYAMA, Tadashi TSUJIMOTO, Susumu MI ...
    1978 Volume 13 Issue 3 Pages 183-191
    Published: 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.13.183
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The characteristic patterns of leakage photon energy spectra have been measured around research reactors and compared among them. Although there were some differences in the types of the reactors, it was difficult to find significantly their differences among the leakage photon spectra.
    The spectra obtained around these reactors were different from those in the natural environment. From the same spirit as that of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, it is recommended that the dose data are accompanied by some additional spectra, if it was different from those in the natural environment.
    Conceptual systems with a NaI true spectrum method for environmental surveillances are given.
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  • DETECTION OF URANIUM IN RAIN WATER FROM NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS
    Tadao MATSUNAMI, Akira MIZOHATA, Tetsuo MAMURO, Tadashi TSUJIMOTO
    1978 Volume 13 Issue 3 Pages 193-196
    Published: 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.13.193
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • A Chronological Survey of Exposure Rate Conversion Factors for Natural Radionuclides in Soil
    Susumu MINATO
    1978 Volume 13 Issue 3 Pages 197-201
    Published: 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.13.197
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Methods of evaluating factors relating to the concentration of uranium, radium, thorium and potassium and the exposure rate at ground level are chronologically reviewed from the beginning of this century up to the present. Time dependence of the values of these factors is illustrated in a single figure. The values estimated before 1956 are extremely low as compared with recent ones. Each of these values, however, shows recently a convergence to a constant value.
    As a result of the chronological survey of the conversion factors, the following points are presented as future problems: (1) benchmark calculations using various computational methods are required, (2) direct estimates of the factors by experimental measurements are necessary, and (3) these factors should be evaluated taking into account the effect of radon emanation.
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  • A Basic Study in 1977 to Estimate Radiation Exposure of Japanese Population
    Ryushi ICHIKAWA
    1978 Volume 13 Issue 3 Pages 203-205
    Published: 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.13.203
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • The New Unit of Dose Equivalent
    Hiroyoshi IIDA
    1978 Volume 13 Issue 3 Pages 207-208
    Published: 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.13.207
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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