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Volume 36 (2001)
- Issue 4 Pages 296-
- Issue 3 Pages 195-
- Issue 2 Pages 111-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 36, Issue 1
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Takashi NAKAMURA2001 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 3-5
Published: 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
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Masashi ENDO2001 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 6-10
Published: 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
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Takenori YAMAGUCHI2001 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 11-17
Published: 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
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Michio YOSHIZAWA, Norio TSUJIMURA2001 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 18-23
Published: 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
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Satoshi FUKUDA, Haruzo IIDA, Yuji YAMADA, Kumiko FUKUTSU, Akira KOIZUM ...2001 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 25-30
Published: 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effective timing of an initial injection of Ca-DTPA and a subsequent early treatment on removal of inhaled plutonium nitrate was determined in rats. Plutonium nitrate inhaled rats received an intraperitoneal injection of Ca-DTPA at a daily dose of 150μmol/kg for 3 days, beginning at 0.5, 1, 2, 6, and 12h after inhalation of plutonium; a second regimen studied was injection at a daily dose of 30μmol/kg (the daily recommended dose for humans), beginning at 1h after plutonium inhalation. One group was served as the control with no treatment. During the experiment, the urine and feces were collected every day; on day 4, the rats were sacrificed and dissected to measure plutonium concentration in blood and various organs. The first administration of Ca-DTPA (150μmol/kg) at 1-6h after inhalation initiated an increase in urinary plutonium excretion during the first 24h following inhalation and also resulted in significant increases of urinary plutonium excretion up to 3 days following the treatment. The increase was measured in comparison to the urinary levels of the other two groups that initiated at 0.5h and 12h. In the group that was given 30μmol/kg Ca-DTPA, the high urinary plutonium excretion was found compared to those of the control group; however, these levels were lower than those of the group that was administered a dose of 150μmol/kg. Although the retention rates in the various organs of Ca-DTPA treatment groups varied to the corresponding organs in the control groups, the changed values were very slight. The results indicate that Ca-DTPA administration within 1-6h after exposure to plutonium is effective to increase the urinary excretion of plutonium in rats.View full abstractDownload PDF (1609K) -
Takeshi MATSUNAGA, Kensuke KOBAYASHI2001 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 31-44
Published: 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe prophylactic use of stable iodine is one of the protective measures during a nuclear emergency. In order to know the resultant radiation dose to the thyroid gland and the effectiveness of iodine prophylaxis in the case of Japanese, a sensitivity analysis was performed for related physiological parameters for Japanese. As a result, the variances in the deposition efficiency of radioactive iodine aerosol in the respiratory tract due to changes in the respiratory parameters were found rather small between the standard Caucasian and Japanese. The changes due to the radioactive iodine aerosol size were more significant, suggesting the importance of understanding the physico-chemical status of aerobic radioiodine released in a nuclear emergency. Concerning the metabolic parameters of iodine, the result of the sensitivity analysis based on an iodine metabolic model showed that the most critical parameters are those which describe the transport of stable and radioactive iodine from the blood compartment to the thyroid gland. Accordingly, a confirmation of the transport model and the related parameters for Japanese are essential to clarify the effectiveness of iodine prophylaxis to reduce thyroid gland exposure of Japanese. (This work was performed under the auspices of the Science and Technology Agency of Japan.)View full abstractDownload PDF (1700K) -
Akira KOIZUMI, Satoshi FUKUDA, Yuji YAMADA, Haruzo IIDA, Michikuni SHI ...2001 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 45-50
Published: 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor human application at the accidental intake of radioactive nuclides, the study was performed to determine an administration method of Ca-DTPA by inhalation as an emergency medical treatment. Ca-DTPA aerosol was generated by an ultrasonic nebulizer from solution in an ampule for injection, and inhalation was forced into a human airway model under the condition of a tidal volume of 950ml and respiratory rate of 12per minute. As a result, the optimum dilution of Ca-DTPA solution was three times to produce the aerosol successfully at the rate of 73mg per minute. Forty-six percent of generated Ca-DTPA aerosol deposited in the airway model, and twenty-six percent of that deposited in the trachea and lung region. Based on the data, it was calculated that, by inhalation for fifteen minutes, 500mg of DTPA was inhaled and the amount of 130mg deposited in a part of trachea and lung which is considered the effective level for removal of actinides. The results indicate that administration method of Ca-DTPA aerosol by inhalation using an ultrasonic nebulizer is useful for an emergency treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (3079K) -
Shuichi TSUDA, Yasuhiro YAMAGUCHI2001 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 51-60
Published: 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHigh energy accelerators have proved useful in a variety of fields such as fundamental science studies and nuclear development as a high energy radiation source. Concerning radiation shielding designs and radiation protection in high energy accelerator facilities, dose assessments using fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients have become more important in recent years. The conversion coefficients for high energy radiation and various kinds of radiation, not including ICRP Publication 74, have been calculated by several groups. This paper reviews the conversion coefficients of effective dose, effective dose equivalent and ambient dose equivalent calculated for various radiations above 10MeV and summarizes the essential issue of the conversion coefficients for high energy radiation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1052K) -
Commentary of ICRP Publication 81 and Publication 82Toshiso KOSAKO2001 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 61-65
Published: 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
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Norimichi JUTOH, Ikuo KOBAYASHI, Hiroyuki MURAKAMI, Toshio MIYAKE2001 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 95-101
Published: 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
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