In the event of a nuclear or radiological emergency, short-term countermeasures are implemented. This report summarizes the current status of these countermeasures, such as sheltering, evacuation and iodine prophylaxis in OECD/NEA member countries.
SPEEDI (System for Prediction of Environmental Emergency Dose Information) is a computer network system capable of rapidly predicting radiation dosages due to the dispersion of radioactive materials in the atmosphere as the result of a massive release of radioactive materials from nuclear facilities. It was developed in order to support activities for nuclear emergency preparedness by national and local governments. This paper describes SPEEDI, outlining its role for nuclear emergency preparedness in Japan, and presents the status and future plans of SPEEDI.
Cost effectiveness, ethics and consistency of TENORM regulation were examined by comparing the existing regulation with a hypothetical regulation derived from ideal legislation procedures. The comparison revealed the necessity of risk-based regulation, consideration for ethics as well as optimal usage of regulation resources, and problems of existing discrepancy between artificial and natural radioactivity regulations.