-
Xinhua Qi, Masaru Watanabe, Taku M. Aida, Jr. Smith
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-216
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
We studied on the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from D-glucose and D-fructose. We employed heterogeneous catalysts TiO_2 and ZrO_2 to examine the conversion of D-glucose and D-fructose into HMF in water at temperature up to 200℃ because HMF tends to rehydrate into levulinic acid and formic acid in the presence of homogeneous catalysts in aqueous solutions. In the case of TiO_2 employed for fructose reaction, 40% of HMF yield and 84% of fructose conversion was obtained for 5 min reaction. 30.5% of HMF yield and 65% of fructose conversion was obtained for 5 min reaction in the presence of ZrO_2. Indeed, ZrO_2 also promoted isomerization of glucose to fructose; the selectivity of fructose from glucose became higher than 60% with about 50% glucose conversion for 1min. Under the conditions (5 ml of 2 wt% fructose solution, 0.05 g of TiO_2, 200℃, and 3 min), fructose conversion and HMF yields by microwave heating (73% and 35% respectively) were higher than those by sand bath heating (27% and 12% respectively).
抄録全体を表示
-
吉田 貴紘, 久保 智史, John F Kadla
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-217
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
Carbon fibers were prepared from the immiscible polymer blend of hardwood kraft lignin (HKL) and polypropylene (PP). Precursor blend fiber that had the unique core-shell morphology could be converted into porous carbon fibers by the two step thermal processing, thermostabilization (oxidation) and carbonization, without any additional activation process. Although, pores were developed during both thermal processes, the pore growth mechanisms were differed. During the thermostabilization process pores are created by the oxidative removal of the PP component from blend fibers. In contrast, pores were created by the gasification of the residual PP component from inside of thermostabilized blend fibers during carbonization. Internal surface area of HKL/PP blend carbon fibers varied depending on the blending composition in the precursor fibers. The largest pore creation could be found for the carbon fiber prepared from HKL/PP=62.5/37.5 blend fibers. These lignin based carbon fiber would be the good precursor of activated carbon fibers.
抄録全体を表示
-
小林 正彦, 秦野 泰典
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-218
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
It was found out that the solvolysis of wood using polyethylene glycol converted wood to some organic solvent soluble products about thirty years ago. It has been expected that this method converts waste wood from woods and factories to useful materials. There is a lot of study about utilization of solvolysis products as raw material of plastics or chemicals. One of the most important problem for utilization of the solvolysis wood is the processing methods is restricted within narrow limits because the solvolysis wood have high viscosity. However, the viscosity could be decreased by the solvolysis wood suspended into water, and the solvolysis wood could be sprayed to wood elements. In this study, wood composite panels were constructed by using the solvolysis wood as adhesives. Further, the solvolysis wood was treated with ozone and the effects of ozone treatment on adhesion properties were investigated. As a result of mechanical properties measurements, it was shown that, the wood composite panels constructed with the solvolysis wood have good bending properties and the mechanical properties improved with increasing the amount, of ozone added to the solvolysis wood.
抄録全体を表示
-
坂西 欣也, 松永 興哲, 花岡 寿明, 中島 良枝, 平田 雅幸
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-219
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
The simultaneous removal of sulfur compounds such as H_2S and COS were studied using carbonaceous materials at 400℃. A char obtained as a byproduct in woody biomass gasification, a commercial activated carbon and Fe-supported activated carbon were employed as an adsorbent. The both breakthrough times in the char were approximately 100 times longer compared to that in activated carbon, and approximately 6 times longer compared to that in Fe-supported activated carbon. The physical characterization indicated that the char had a broader pore distribution compared to those of other carbonaceous materials.
抄録全体を表示
-
坪田 潤, 津野 洋
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-220
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
A new strategy was investigated for improvement of the anaerobic digestion (AD) efficiency. Before being anaerobically digested, coffee waste or sewage sludge was mixed with food factory waste or garbage and pretreated at 80℃ in the presence of thermophilic microorganisms from an AD reactor. Semicontinuous experiments were conducted using a thermophilic reactor combined with a hyper-thermophilic pre-treatment reactor. In the case of coffee waste, the methane yield and VS reduction increased from 263 to 355mL methane/(g VS)and from 75 to 87%, respectively. In the case of sewage sludge AD, the effluent VSS/influent VS ratio decreased by 6% and the methane yield increased by 8% when hyperthernophilic pre-treatment was added.
抄録全体を表示
-
遠藤 良輔, 木谷 収, 野池 達也, 赤星 栄志, 登坂 充博, 大政 謙次
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-221
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
Effective process monitoring techniques are crucial in order to ensure stable and successful reactor operation. In previous studies, many researchers have analyzed fluorescence from F420 in methanogen as an intrinsic probe for monitoring the state of the anaerobic digestion. On the other hand, there is no study for measuring all fluorescence characteristics from fluorescent materials in the anaerobic digester. However, intensity of fluorescence emitted from materials other than F420, or relationship between them may be effective as a new probe. Therefore, Excitation-emission matrices (EEM) of anaerobically digested sludge under wet and dry conditions were measured by spectrophotofluorometer (F-4500, Hitachi) to compare fluorescence spectroscopic characterization with them.
抄録全体を表示
-
渡辺 隆司, 芦田 和信, 矢野 健太, 親泊 政二三, 渡邊 崇人, 本田 与一, 中村 嘉利, 坪田 潤
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-222
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
Methane was produced from wood biomass after pretreatments with white rot fungi and steam explosion. The fungal treatment decreased temperature of steam explosion necessary to generate methane gas from the wood biomass.
抄録全体を表示
-
冨山 茂男, 世良 豊
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-223
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
Cellulose saccharification is the most important core-technology for biomass conversion and effective utilization. Recently, acid hydrolysis processes that have already put to practical use, however, it's not gratify with profitability owing to several technical problems. Therefore, in order to develop another processes, we have performed several fundamental experiments by using of cellulose microcrystalline and its component sugars. In the case of a 5mL scale test, simultaneous cellulose hydrolysis and glucose degradation were observed at effective temperature (around 260℃). To obtain more glucose yield, addition of acetic acid as catalyst and oxygen-free atmosphere condition were effective.
抄録全体を表示
-
安田 肇, 加茂 徹, 海保 守, 中込 秀樹
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-224
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
In order to produce a liquid fuel from wood wastes mixed with synthetic polymer materials such as plastics or adhesives, a new process, which is consistent with the several process components, has started development. The process will consist of several components. The process components are as follows: Pyrolysis-Wood wastes mixed with synthetic polymers pyrolyzed to lower molecular weight products at mild conditions.; Hydrogen production-The solid residue produced from the pyrolysis reactor is converted to hydrogen under coexistence of water and the sodium compound.; Cracking/reforming-The liquid heavy compounds produced from the pyrolysis reactor is cracked and reformed by hydrogen to light hydrocarbons. Light hydrocarbons produced mainly from cracking/reforming will be further converted to liquid fuel by gasification/steam reforming and liquid fuel synthesis processes.
抄録全体を表示
-
柳下 立夫
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-225
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
Glycerol is produced as main by-product in the process of biodiesel fuel (BDF) production. In the near future, the increase of BDF production will cause worldwide surplus of glycerol. Therefore, there is a demand for effective methods of conversion glycerol to more valuable material. We have developed the system of bioconversion of glycerol to ethanol, hydrogen gas and electricity using Enterobacter aerogenes NBRC 12010. The glycerol consumption and products in the hydrogen fermentation of E. aerogenes were affected by the initial glycerol concentration. In bioelectrochemical cells using thionine, and electron transfer mediator between bacterial cells and the electrode, glycerol consumption was kept and more hydrogen and ethanol were produced. Under such conditions, glycerol dehydrogenase kept to activate to consume glycerol. When distilled glycerol solution charged from transesterification of virgin palm oil was used, the amount of glycerol consumed was about 300 mM.
抄録全体を表示
-
池田 努, 杉元 倫子, 野尻 昌信, 眞柄 謙吾
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-226
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
Bioethanol is currently produced from sugar cane or corn starch. However, the production capacities of such crops are not enough in Japan. On the other hand, lignocellulosic biomass is abundant natural resource and much amount of it is available for bioethanol production in Japan. We discussed about the alkali pre-treatment on the bioethanol production process from bamboo.
抄録全体を表示
-
土田 義之, 千葉 誠, 關 充晴, 山崎 亨史, 檜山 亮
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-227
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
For production of bio-ethanol from wood, to establish of pretreatment as saccarization, we studied about recovering and concentration of sulfuric acid with ion exchange membrane at processes using concentrated sulfuric acid. As a result, sulfuric ion moved to anode, and at both electrode side sulfuric acid was concentrated by electrlysis. Current efficiency was about 28%.
抄録全体を表示
-
小川 友樹, 花岡 寿明, 坂西 欣也
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-228
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
For the synthesis of DME from woody biomass via gasification, we proposed a simple biomass-to-liquid (BTL) process without gas compression and reheating. This process consisted of pressurized gasification, dry gas cleaning, and DME synthesis with a constant pressure at a reaction temperature: T_<gasification>>T_<dry gas cleaning>>T_<DME synthesis-> On a laboratory scale, we succeeded in synthesizing 0.02 g of DME from approximately 16g of woody biomass.
抄録全体を表示
-
野中 寛
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-229
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
Department of Wood & Paper Science, North Carolina State University (NCSU) is carrying out an exciting project on "Wood to Ethanol". The project is aiming at converting an old paper mill to "bioethanol mill" by introducing some facilities required for the production of bioethanol. Produced pulp is enzymatically hydrolysed to glucose and then fermented to ethanol. The conversions of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation are temporarily hypothesized as 0.9 and 0.9, respectively. The process simulation would be better considering the relationship between lignin content in the pulp and the yield of glucose. Waste pulp from used papers can be a good resource for bioethanol in Japan.
抄録全体を表示
-
原 翔太郎, 堀本 太一, Phacharakamol Petchpradab, 松村 幸彦, Tawatchai CHARINPANITK ...
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-230
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
The development of the technology that produces ethanol by using an agricultural residue of Thailand is important. In this research, we conducted fundamental study on reaction characteristics of cassava and sugarcane in hydrothermal pretreatment for ethanol production.
抄録全体を表示
-
堀本 太一, 松村 幸彦
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-231
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
It is important to determine the heat of reaction for supercritical water chemical processes engineering, but measurement of heat of reaction in supercritical water has not been conducted. The purpose of this study is to measure the heat of reaction in supercritical water that changes with residence time and reaction temperature. As a model reaction to measure the heat of reaction, glucose was decomposed in supercritical water using a tubular reactor, and inlet and outlet temperatures were measured for the determination of the heat of reaction at 550oC, and compared with the vaules for lower temperatures. It was found that the heat of reaction decreased at 400-450℃, but increased at 450-500℃, and again decreased at 500-550℃ with the reaction temperature increase.
抄録全体を表示
-
松村 幸彦, 原 翔太郎, 井上 修平, 清水 嘉久, 野田 洋二, 美濃輪 智朗
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-232
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
We are proposing the new process for supercritical water gasification where catalyst particles are suspended in the feedstock slurry. In previous presentation, we have reported the overall reaction rate for the supercritical water gasification of chicken manure in supercritical water with suspended activated carbon catalyst. In this study, homogeneous reaction rate and heterogeneous reaction rate are separately determined with the effect of temperature.
抄録全体を表示
-
Phacharakamol PETCHPRADAB, 松村 幸彦, Tawatchai CHARINPANITKUL
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-233
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
Rubber wood chip was employed as a biomass raw material for the hydrothermal saccharification process. The glucose production from rubber wood chip was experimentally studied at 130-280℃. Hydrothermal pretreatment and following cellulase hydrolysis was conducted using an autoclave reactor. Reaction parameters for the related reactions were determined.
抄録全体を表示
-
本庄 孝子, 佐野 寛, 井田 民男
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-401
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
Most of methane fermentation systems of today, were used to involve an energy loss step of the organic resources by the oxidation process. Organic resources are classified into 3 parts: a matter of very easy decomposition, of easy decomposition, and of difficult decomposition. Former two are considered as latent resources for methane fermentation. We propose the total system with maximum yield of recovered energy from the target materials in methane fermentation. The final residues that is consist of the matter of difficult decomposition, should be always compost for agriculture.
抄録全体を表示
-
出口 裕一郎, 中田 俊彦
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-402
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
The purpose of the research is conducting an integrated assessment of a biofuel energy system for the transportation sector. The system has four processes: biomass plantation, biomass transportation from field to conversion plants, production of biofuel from biomass, and biofuel transportation from conversion plants to oil refinery. Through the analysis, net energy value of the system is estimated to be 10 [output/input] and specific ethanol costs reaches 90 [JPY/1].
抄録全体を表示
-
酒井 奨, 松本 豊, 増田 直己, 望月 康行, 高橋 浩, 大場 壽和
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-403
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
It is urgently necessary for prevention of global warming to utilize a biomass source and new energy positively. From this point of view, authors have operated the combined system of the methane fermentation with food-waste and fuel cell power system at the facility for providing meals to schools. The fuel cell can get hydrogen gas from the mixed gas with popular natural gas and biogas from food waste. 1kW of electric power and heat (hot water) generated from the fuel cell are fed back to the facility where provides the food-wastes. In this study, the distinctive feature concerned to the economic and environmental view will be discussed.
抄録全体を表示
-
柳田 高志, 美濃輪 智朗, 清水 嘉久, 松村 幸彦, 野田 洋二
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-404
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
This paper focuses on the by-product utilization of supercritical water gasification (SGWG) with chicken manure suspended an activated carbon as a catalyst. In the material recovery as a by-product utilization, hydroxyapatite and ammonium sulfate were obtained from solid phase and liquid phase of the SCWG residue, respectively. An economic evaluation was implemented for methods of these materials recovery, and then the process was selected for the system design. We proposed here an economic improvement system of the SCWG with chicken manure.
抄録全体を表示
-
長澤 将大, 大和田 秀二, 工藤 祐揮, 田原 聖隆
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-405
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
Inventory analyses of bio-ethanol from soft biomass have been conducted using the frame-work of Well to Tank analysis. The system boundary is separated to three sections : biomass production, bio-ethanol conversion and bio-ethanol transportation. The results of this study imply that bio-ethanol production and supply from sugarcane shows the best value from the point of energy inputs and GHG emissions.
抄録全体を表示
-
藤本 真司, 柳田 高志, 井上 宏之, 美濃輪 智朗
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-406
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
From viewpoints of mitigation of environmental impact and realization of sustainable recycling-based society, production of transportation fuel from woody biomass, especially ethanol production from woody biomass, is attractive. We proposed ethanol production process from woody biomass using non-sulfuric acid pretreatment. In previous studies, economic estimation for the proposed process was performed. In this study, in order to enhance the practicability, experimental results were incorporated. Consequently, the process simulation to estimate optimum conditions was developed.
抄録全体を表示
-
福村 卓也, 二階堂 満, 石川 慶典, 戸谷 一英, 猪股 尚治
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-407
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
In the present study, the milling of cedar saw dust using a novel converge mill was studied for the purpose of the effective enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose. The milling time of converge mill was much shorter than that of the conventional tumbling mill. In addition, the sample loading of converge mill was much higher than that of planetary mill. As for the converge mill, the conditions of short milling time and many balls gave the high saccharification degree of cellulose.
抄録全体を表示
-
福村 卓也, 高橋 拓矢, 菅野 理雲, 二階堂 満
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-408
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
The mass production system of Biodiesel Fuel (BDF) using a flow type reactor packed with calcium oxide catalysts was studied. The basic investigations for the batch and flow type reactors using model CaO pellet catalyst were conducted and the continuous production of BDF was successfully achieved. Furthermore, on the basis of the results using the model pellet catalyst, the continuous production system of BDF using practical CaO catalyst from a lime quarry was constructed. Setting residence time of the reactive fluid within the catalyst bed at 20 min resulted in the high BDF concentration.
抄録全体を表示
-
縄田 大輔, 井上 陽仁, 高濱 繁盛, 松村 幸彦, 山地 憲治, 山本 博巳, 内山 洋司
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: P-409
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
We show a concrete practical use scenario, and cooperation with the person concerned and a device of a business are necessary for the spread of biomass businesses. We build a system showing a concise scenario to let a biomass business succeed in this study. This report introduces study contents as the the first report.
抄録全体を表示
-
原稿種別: 表紙
p.
Cover2-
発行日: 2008/01/15
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー