Sulphite pulp knot was digested by NaOH and Na₂ SO₃ solution in a small apparatus and in an industrial scale.
1. The lignin and pentosan in the knot are removed somewhat thoroughly by the action of NaOH solution, but the pulp obtained in this case is of redish brown colour and is weak in the the tensile strength.
2. The pulp obtained by the action of Na₂ SO₃ on the knot is of yellowish white dour in the state of unbleached pulp, and its tensile strength is tolerable, so that, if the problems of pitch trouble and rapid colour reversion of this pulp are resolved, it may be used as news paper material.

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1. Both qualitative and quantitative action of rainfall must be considered as the effects of rainfall on soil erosion, and the writer adopted the total rainfall amount for quantity of rainfall and the maximum rainfall amount per 1 hour for quality of rainfall.
2. The multiple correlation coefficient R_PIm•E is highly significant and high, and the formula
E=aP+bI_m+c is derived, where
E=soil erosion
P=total amount of a rainfall
I_m=maximum rainfall amount per 1 hour
a, b, c=constant
3. Surface run-off R is same as soil erosion, and the formula R=a'P+b'I_m+c' is derived, where
R=surface run-off
a, b', c'=constant
4. If other conditions are same, the effect of ground cover is expressed by the values of _??_ and _??_, and these values are small in case of good ground cover like forest.

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The author studied for the ground substances of general tree-barks which were not yet cleared by chemical researches and some results were obtained as follows;
(1) The yields (17-52%), s.g. (smaller than water) or states in ordinary temperature of tars and appearances of residual charcoals obtained by drydistillation of outer barks were different from wood-tar, therfore it was suggested that the ground substances should not be cellulose and differ with one another.
(2) The purified outer barks (extracted by alcohol-C₆H₆ 1:1 and by water under 120°) were converted into almost soluble matter by diluted alkali-digestion from which the large quantities of fatty acids (42.84-52.16% against original barks) were obtained. From this result, author thought that the ground substances of barks were high molecular matters such as spollopolenin, cutin and suberin.
(3) The purified outer barks resisted against oxidizing agent (30% H₂O₂ 5cc+gracial acetic acid 64.5cc). Seeing above result, their ground substances must belong to suberingroup.

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A pair of Hirata's filter paper evaporimers, consisted of one black and one white, are utilized as the instrument.
The difference between evaporation from the black and the white, is indicated as a relative measure of effective radiation.
The empirical formula is shown as follows: Y=119.815+20.557X, where Y is inte-grated intensity of radiation in g•cal/cm² and X is the difference of evaporation in gram.

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(1) Comparing results on and after second time in serial distillations, the wood of low moisture content gave a little more acetic acid, tar and charcoal than the one of high moisture content, but in the latter, the amount of fixed carbon was found to be larger than in the former.
As regarding to the amount of consumed fuel, in such a scale as this retort, the remarkable difference by moisture content of wood, was not found at the succeeding times off serial distillations.
(2) The moisture content of wood gave no obvious effect on the time necessary for distilling of wood at the succeeding times of serial distillations, but at the first time, the wood of higher moisture content consumed more fuel and long time for its distilling.
(3) By passing the hot exhausted gas of fire-place through the retort, fuel and time was reduced, especially the fuel was reduced in the first time of serial distillations.
Then by such a treatment, the amount of distilled water at the dehydrating period was increased and at the carbonizing period, pyroligneous liquor was condensed.
(4) Independently of passing the hot exhausted gas through and the moisture content of wood, in serial distillations, the great difference was observed between the first time and the succeeding times, that is .... at the succeeding times, amount of-fuel was reduced to 60% of it at the first time and the distilling time was shortened an hour.

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A colorless crystalline substance was isolated from the heart wood of Pseudotsuga japonica Shirasawa, and was proved to be identical with distylin (3.5.7.3'.4'-pentahydr oxyflavanone), which was formerly isolated by us from the heart wood of Larix leptolepis Gord.. Physical constants of this substance and its derivatives are as follows:
distylin m.p. 233°_??_α_??_²⁸_D=+22
tetramethyl-ether m.p. 168°
an acetate m.p, 130°
We-were not able in this case of gymnospermous needle tree to find any quantity of quercetin, which corresponds in its structure to distylin, although in angiosp-ermous broad-leafed tree 3-hydroxy flavanone and corresponding flavonol used to be found together.

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According to the previous experiment by the water displacement method, the value of the apparent density of wood substance has been determined to be average 1.56. While Dr. T. Nagasawa reported 1.60 for the average value of 35 species using Dr. Yoshida's. method.
Employing Dr. Yoshida's method, I also performed the measurement of the apparent. density using some species in Kyushu, and obtained the result of Table 1.
From Table. 1, We can understand that the value of the apparent density is affected by the temperature of water as the displacement media, and the value decreases with the increase of temperature.
Therefore, the result of the apparent density measured by the water displacement method should be showed with the temperature of water as the displacement media.

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The litter as the source of nutriment in forest, where is never manured has an important significance. It is known that rate of it's dicomposition influence upon the forest soil very intimate. How fungi and becteria are to take part in it, is already studied. However about the factor of fauna has been not so deeply researched.
This studies was started from 1936, to pay attention to those fauna.
The contents of this report are some results of above mentioned studies; as following
1. The general condition of experimental area are shown as Table 1. and Fig. 1.
2. The test-sticks are collected in or near to experimental area, cutted by saw and setted on the litter.
The size of stick: d=±2cm. l=30cm.
The tree kinds:
(1) Cryptomeria japonica D. Dox.
(2) Abies firma SIEB. et ZUCC.
(3) Pinus densiflora SIEB. et ZUCC.
(4) Carpinus carpinoides MAKLNO, or another sp.
(5) Fagus crenata BL.
(6) Castanea crenata SIEB. et ZUCC.
(7) Quercus crispula Br.
(8) Quercus grandulifera BL.
(9) Pterocarya rhoifolia SIEB. et ZUCC.
(10) Cercidiphyllum japonicum SIEB. et ZUCC.
(11) Aesculus turbinata BL.
(12) Acer mono MAX.
3. The results of the observations by test-sticks are shown on Table 2, 3 and 4.
4. The results by natural condition are shown on Table 5.

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This investigation was carried out in the beech sprout forest on the gentle middle slope with nothern aspect of Mt. Iwaki (1, 625m), Aomori Prefecture, to make researches in the growth of the beech and other shrubs in 1949.
(a) In the beech sprout forest which has been formed by clear cutting,
1) during the first period the beech is lower than other shrubs. These shrubs—
Tamushiba (Magnolia salicifolia MAXIM.), Okamenoki (Viburnum furcatum BLUME), Ryobu (Clethra barbinervis S. et Z.), Kuromoji (Parabenzoin trilobum NAKAI) etc.— grow very rapidly for several years, afterwards slowly, the beech, on the contrary, does constantly on an average of 23cm per gear. Consequently abut in its fifteenth year the beech rises above this layer and forms the stable forest type, and goes on.
2) As to the tendency of such beech sprout forest, it is advisable to carry out by the age of 15 years.
(b) In the beech sprout forest which has been formed by selective cutting (small diameter class trees remain),
1) After the overwood has been cut, the suppressed advance growth of obout 2_??_3m high begins and continues to grow rapidly in diameter (in 0.2m on the ground) in the next year and in tree height in the forth or fifth year.
2) Its growing ratio is nearly equal to that of the upper trees in the neighbouring forest.
3) Accordingly it is desirable for the supressed advance growth in the beech sprout forest to remain as much as possible. If we practise in this way we are able to reduce at least fifteen yeas in final age, and thus expect it to increase in the yield so much.

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we continued the investigation on the relation between the soil fertility and growth of weeds, and obtained following results.
1) Digitaria ciliaris (one of the most common weed of farm yard) is a good indicator of fertilized soil. The growth of this weed increased when P₂O₅, K or Ca supplied abundantly, but decreased when N supplied abundantly. It was recognized an injuly of SO₄ because the nitrogen supplied as NH₄SO₄.
2) Portulaca oleacea is also a good indicator of fertilized soil. The growth of this weed increased when N or P₂O₅ supplied abundantly, but decreased when K or Ca supplied abundantly.
3) The growth of another weeds are also affected possitive or negative influence by some fertilizer.
Therefore, if we notice the growing situation of weeds on the nursery beds, we shall be able to know rougnly their soil fertility.

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A Japanese red pine of 35cm d. b. h. and of 63 years old with well formed crown was chosen from the natural forest at the Kuraiyama University Forest of Gifu university, Ono-district, Gifu Pref.
146 small samples were taken from the disks of trunk and 38 samples from two branches. These samples were weighed by a balance and their volumes were determined separately in a Breiul mercury volumeter in both green and ove-dry condition.
The results may be summarized as follows:
1) The mean values of specific gravity, moisture content, volumetric shrinkage etc. of trunk and branch wood were as follows:
2) Specific gravity (weight oven-dry, volume oven-dry) of Japanese red pine definitely decreases from butt to top.
3) The mean values of specific gravity, moisture content, volumetric shrinkage etc. of springwood and summerwood of the trunk were as follows:
4) The relation between the percentage summerwood (A) and the specific gravity (weight oven-dry, volume volume oven-dry) (S₀) is represented theoretically by following linear equation:
S₀=0.333+0.374×_??_

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