The avifauna of Oze area, Gunma Prefecture, in non-breeding season (autumn) was investigated from 1974 to 1980. (See TAKAHASHI et al., 1978, for the avifauna of breeding season.) The line transect method was employed for the estimation of the numbers of species and of individuals. Results obtained are as follows :
(1) A total of 76 species was recorded in the autumn months from September to early November when the area was not covered with snow. The avifauna was extremely poor in winter from mid November to early April as the ground was covered with thick snow.
(2) In the forests of Oze area Parus ater, Parus montanus, Aegithalos caudatus, Cettia diphone, Turdus naumanni, and Phylloscopus borealis were dominant species in non-breeding season (autumn). Particularly a large number of P. ater, P. montanus, and A. caudatus were recorded.
(3) Tits were chief constituents of birds in various forests. The number of individuals of tits occupied 31.2% of the total number of birds observed. P. montanus and A. caudatus appeared to prefer deciduous and P. ater to prefer coniferous forests.
(4) Of 76 species recorded, 48 species were residents (dominance 70.0%). The other 28 species (dominance 30.0%) belonged to summer visitors, winter visitors, and transient passages.

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In order to test the characteritics of egg white proteins of cranes, the mobilities of protein fractions of the egg whites in polyacrylamide gel electrophorograms and the immunoelectrophoretic patterns of antisera from rabbit were compared for Grus gnus, G. vipio and G. japonensis. The serological relationships of the egg whites among the three species were also tested by means of the precipitation of egg white for the antisera from rabbits. The results obtained were summarized as follows :
(1) Seven regions of the protein fractions were detected in polyacrylamide gel electrophorograms (Photo. 1).
(2) The different electrophoretic mobilities were observed for three protein fractions, i.e, ovomucoid, conalbumin and x-protein. The mobilities of ovomucoid and x-protein of Grus japonensis were faster than those of the other two species, where as the mobility of conalbumn of the egg white of Grus vipio was faster than that of the other two species. However, it is possible that these differences are due to individual variation.
(3) In precipitation by the method of ring test, the antibody titer of the antiserum from rabbit immunized with the egg white of Grus grus was 128 fold; the antibody content was about 92, 000 fold. The same test for the antisera of the other two species yielded similar results.
(4) The antisera were analyzed by the method of immunoelectrophoretic assay and no difference was detected between the three species. Absorption tests also showed no difference in the antigens of the three species.

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Studies on the social behavior, territory, and pair duration of Japanese Wagtail Motacilla grandis were carried out from October 1978 to March 1981 at Utsunomiya, Tochigi Prefecture, central Honshu. Most observations were made on colour-ringed birds. The results obtained were as follows:
1) The territorial behavior of Japanese Wagtails observed in the study area consisted mainly of chasing, ceremonial fight and combat (Fig. 2). The displays between a male and a female were female's appeasement display and male's bill-opening display.
2) Most of Japanese Wagtails lived in pairs and each pair had a definite territory in winter. There was little change in the location of territories and in the mates of pairs from October to January.
3) In February some changes were found in territories and mates, i.e. nine out of eleven pairs changed their mates. The mating season was generally from late February to early March.
4) In winter 10-20 individuals gathered for feeding in the temporary dried up areas. No territorial behavior was seen in such feeding place. Some of them had their territories outside of the feeding place, whereas others had no territories and were wandering from one place to another.

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Bird censuses were carried out in lowlands in Niigata Prefecture from January to December 1977. The study area ranges from 50 to 250m in altitude and its vegetation consists of broad-leaved deciduous forests, coniferous plantations, grasslands, and paddy-fields. The area is covered with heavy snow in January and February.
A total of 70 species of birds was observed during the study period. The number of species was high in April and November, whereas the number of individuals was high in spring and early summer. Species diversity had high values in winter and spring.
Tits were dominant species in winter. On the other hand, buntings, especially Emberiza cioides, were dominant from spring to autumn.
Similarity between bird communities in successive two months was relatively low in spring and autumn. This indicates that a remarkable displacement in the composition of bird community occurs in both seasons.

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An adult male of Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus was observed and photographed on a 8mm cine film at Nagaoka, Niigata Prefecture, on 27 May 1979. During my observation the bird was perching on an electric wire and appeared to be on the lookout of his preys. I once saw it caught a frog in the paddy fields nearby. It was a rainy day and the bird stayed in the same place from 16:00 to 17:30 hrs, but I did not see it again next day. This was the first record of the species for Japan. The details of my observation were as follows: upper-parts, chin, throat and breast all dark slate-grey; lower belly, thighs and under tail-coverts rufous; cere bright yellow; legs red; under wing-coverts silver-grey.

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An individual of the Black-capped Kingfisher Halcyor pileata was observed and photographed at Tokizawa, Iwate Pref., on 12 June 1981. The bird was flying around trees surrounding a small pond and found there all day long, but it disappeared next day. The weather condition of the day was fine and no wind.

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