Stump Management for Lower Limb Amputees…Hideshi KOHNO, Takaaki CHIN 771

Principal and Clinical View of Trans-femoral Prostheses…Eiji TAZAWA 775

Trans-tibial Prostheses and Sockets…Akihiko KURIYAMA 779

Basic and Latest Knowledge of Lower Limb Prosthetic Components…Toshiya NOSAKA 783

Research and Development of Electric Upper Limb Prosthesis in Japan and Overseas…Takanori HIGASHIHARA 786

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Current Management of Chronic Wounds…Yuichiro YANA, Sigeru ICHIOKA 794

Role of Therapeutic Footwear in Limb Salvage Treatment…Yoshio OHIRA 800

Biomedical Engineering Approach for treating Wounds…Makoto TAKAHASHI 805

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Management and Revitalization Strategy in the Hokkaido Regional Association…Sumio ISHIAI 810

Internet Technology and Financial Affairs in the Tohoku Regional Association…Shin-Ichi IZUMI, Takeo KONDO 813

Recruitment and Education Measures taken by Individual Prefectures in the Kanto Regional Association…Nobuhiko HAGA 815

Education and Enlightenment : the Hokuriku Regional Association Members and Management…Fujiko SOMEYA 818

Education and Recruitment Efforts of the Chubu-Tokai Regional Association…Megumi OZEKI, Izumi KONDO, Eiichi SAITOH 821

The Present Situation and Problems to overcome in the Kinki Regional Association…Kazunari TANAKA 825

Attempting to increase the Number of Board-certified Physiatrists : Results of a Questionnaire Survey in the Chugoku-Shikoku Regional Association…Yasuo SAKAI, Toshiro KISA, Sokichi MANIWA 829

A Historical Review of the Kyushu Regional Association from its Establishment to the Present…Kenji HACHISUKA 834

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We compared food and water swallowing tests to investigate the reliability of the tests to exclude aspiration following acute stroke. Subjects were 155 patients with cerebral strokes aged between 20.98 years (66.6±12.9 years) and for whom videofluoroscopic examination of swallowing (VF) was performed for swallowing difficulty or suspected swallowing difficulty. Food tests (FTs) using jelly and rice porridge, and a modified water swallowing test (MWST) were evaluated during VF. The results showed fewer occurrences of choking, cough, wet voice and aspiration during the FTs than in the MWST. The sensitivity and specificity of the FTs for aspiration ranged from 80.0% to 83.3% and 25.5% to 41.3%, respectively. The MWST gave a sensitivity of 58.0% and a specificity of 72.4% for aspiration. There were more incidences of silent aspiration in the MWST than in the FTs. However, the validity of the FTs and their positive predictive value were lower than for the MWST. Choking and cough had a significant relation to aspiration in both tests. We recommend that we need to use each of these tests with an understanding of their characteristics and limitations in order to obtain correct findings in stroke patient swallowing assessments.

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