During the epidemic of influenza A2 in February, 1962, studies on the pulmonary function of the ten influenza patients, nurses in our hospital attacked by influenza were carried out. All of them showed only the clinical picture of upper respiratory disease and bronchitis. Complement-fixation test and hemagglutination-inhibition test yielded positive result in six of them, and in four of them, respectively, and influenza virus was detected from nasal smear by fluorescent antibody technique. Pulmonary function test was carried out twice, namely in acute phase and two months thereafter.
The patterns of pulmonary function in influenza were as follows
1) Vital capacity was scarcely influenced.
2) Functional residual capacity and residual volume were reduced.
3) Tidal volume and minute volume were scarcely influenced.
4) 3/4 sec. vital capacity (FEV_0.75) and 1 sec. vital capacity (FEV_1.0) were similarly reduced,
2 sec. vital capacity (FEV_2.0), however, was not the case.
5) M.M.F. was reduced in the same way as 3/4 sec. vital capacity and 1 sec. vital capacity.
6) The same tendencies were observed in M.B.C. and A.V.I.
7) The disturbance of pulmonary function in influenza, including no pneumonia, was of obstructive (not restrictive) type and mostly slight.

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To investigate air pollution respiratory diseases (especially T-Y asthma) among Japanese, mass survery in the Niigata area and T-Y area was carried out. Subjects submitted for statistic analysis were 2825 in total. There were increased incidence of respiratory symptoms such as chronic coughing, increased sputum production and throat irritation among the subjects who are living in T-Y area. This incidence was highest in the native group of T-Y area and particulary high among smokers and subjects with allergic constitution. There were no increased incidence of air way obstructive diseases in T-Y area but group of subjects who were exposed to heavy air pollution tended to have low vital capacity. These reaults give the evidence that air pollution is harmful for respiratory tract.
There were no definite evidence that respiratory sensitivity to inhaled acetylcholine in subjects in T-Y area was increased, inspite of the fact that asthmatic patients have significantly high sensitivity to acetylcholine. On the other hand, 7 cases of T-Y asthma at Zama U. S. Army Hospital showed the range of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis.
Among 237 cases of asthmatic patients at our clinic there were only 15 cases who deveolped their 1st onset of asthma in T-Y area after their move to this industrialized area from rural areas but none of them presented compatible characteristics with the entity of the so-called T-Y asthma, though some presented quite similar pictures. From our study, it may not be quite feasible to use the name of T-Y asthma for Japanese since the incidence of air way obstructive diseases does not seem to have particularly increased in T-Y area. Possible reasons for the differnce between our views and those of the U. S. military physicians were discussed.

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During the period of 1949 to 1962, 305 patients were diagnosed as primary lung cancer in our department, and resection of the tumor was performed in 128 patients (43.0%). Radical resection was performed in 48 cases. From the clinico-pathological studies of theses cases the concept of curable cancer was defined.
In the cases of radical operation the tumor was localized in type and extrapulmonary metastases were not observed. The tumor was usually small, and if the diameter of the tumor was less than 3cm, the prognosis of the patients was extremly good, and the tumor was usually located in the middle of the lung field.
There were long term survivors, even though the tumors were relatively large, if they were located in the middle of the lung field.
Smaller the tumors, rarer were the lymphnode metastases. However, metastases were found in 38.4% of the cases whose tumors were less than 3cm in diameter. Prognosis was better when the tumor was squamous cell carcinoma.
Early stage of lung cancer, curable cancer, may be defined as a tumor which is localized within the lung, its size being less than 3cm in diameter, and having no vascular invasion or regional lymphnode metastases. Even if the metastases were already present, it should be completely resectable. Histologically it should preferably be squamous cell carcinoma.

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Since YAMADA et al, reported in 1953 a first autopsy case of pulmonary carcinoma found in a worker who had been exposed occupationally to Yperite at the former Japanese Army Poison Gas Manufacturing Factory on the Island of Okuno-jima, a small island in the Inland Sea of Japan, it has been confirmed that there is a strikingly high incidence of malignant neoplasm of the respiratory tract including pulmonary cancer among these workers. This paper deals with a particular case of pulmonary carcinoma developed in a male who had been exposed to the gas during his research work at a similar occupational environment.
A japanese male, aged 54 years of age, who had been engaged in the research work of Yperite for about one year since 1922 at an institute of the former Japanese Army and had suffered from persistent disturbances of the respiratory tract from that time on, developed pulmonary carcinoma of the right upper lobe 33 years after the first exposure to Yperite.
Extensive metastases to various organs were noted at autopsy, and microscopic examination revealed undifferentiated carcinoma (polymorphocellular type) of bronchogenic origin of the lung.
It might be strongly suggested that the occupational exposure to Yperite might play an important rôle in the development of the pulmonary carcinoma of this particular case, on the basis of the following facts:
i) Carcinogenic action of Yperite (mustard gas) and its derivatives on the lung has been already established in experimental animals.
ii) Recent statistical observations confirmed a higher incidence of pulmonary carcinoma among both English and American soldiers who were exposed to the gas, Yperite during World War I.
iii) No episode that he had been in the environment with any carcinogenic agent was demonstrated in this case.
It was interested enough that this case was the first autopsy case of pulmonary carcinoma found in the exposed to Yperite in another environment than the Poison Gas Manufacturing, Factory on the Island of Okuno-jima.

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Prevalance of chronic bronchitis in 10, 026 postmen in Tokyo, Kanagawa and Saitama districts was surveyd. This survey was based on questionnaire on each person and on check-up by the doctors.
The chronic bronchitis was defined as production of sputum and having persistent or recurrent cough for one month or more in at least two consecutive years.
The over-all prevalance of chronic broncitis was 4.1 % in men and 3.5% in women checked-up.
The prevalance increased with age and amount of cigarette smoking, and was greater in those persons who have history of chronic sinuitis or asthma.
There was no difference in the prevalance between non-smoking men and women.
The prevalance was significantly greater in the most polluted area (the central part of Tokyo, Kawasaki and Tsurumi, 5.1%) than in the least polluted area (the west of Kanagawa and Saitama, 2.6%), indicating that air-pollution has significant effect on the incidence of chronic bronchitis.

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