Lung is one of the organs which possess most abundant β-adrenergic receptots. Direct radioligie binding methods for studying β-adrenergic receptors have been developed recently. These methods can provide new insights into the molecular characteristics and regulatory properties of β-adrenergic receptors in the lung.
In the present investigation we determined the number of β-adrenergic receptors in the lung membrane of Japanese Albino Rabbits, weighing 1.5-2.5kg, by direct binding methods using [³H] (-)-dihydroalprenolol ([³H]-DHA). Effects of isoproterenol, salbutamol and prednisolone on the β-adrnergic receptors in the lung were also investigased.
1) The mean values and standard deviations of the number of β-adrenergic receptors (the concentration of [³H]-DHA binding sites) and of the dissociation constant (Kd) were 638.9±79.7f mol/mg protein and 1.25±0.17nM, respectively.
2) The treatment of rabbits with isoproterenol (0.05mg/kg, subcutaneously) 24 hours and 12 hours before their sacrifice induced a significant decrease in the number of β-adrenergic lung receptors, 542.5±62.0f mol/mg protein (n=6, p<0.05), while Kd did not show any significant change.
3) The treatment of rabbits with prednisolone (2mg/kg, intramuscularly) for 6 days induced a significant increase in the number of β-adrenergic lung receptors, 788.8±131.0f mol/mg protein (n=13, p<0.01), while Kd remained unchanged.
4) The treatment of rabbits with isoproterenal (0.01mg/kg, subcutaneously) and salbutamol (3mg/kg, orally) for 6 days induced no significant change in the number on β-adrenergic lung receptors.
5) Modified Scatchard analysis of the [³H]-DHA binding inhibition curve of atenolol, a selective β₁, antagonist, revealed that rabbit lung possessed both β₁ and β₂ receptors, (β₁:β₂=63:37).

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Postoperative pulmonary complications in 367 thordcotomy cases of various chest diseases were analysed by preoperative lung function tests, serial chest X-ray films and, pre- and postoperative bacteriologic sputum findings.
Onset of postoperative pulmonary complications was determined by postoperative serial chest X-ray films showing newly developed atelectasis, pneumonia, pneumothorax, pleural effusion and wet lung more. The latter three findings were also observed in the contralateral lung field.
The following results were obtained;
1) The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was increased in patients with preexisting chronic inflammatory pulmonary lesions.
2) Postoperative pulmonary complications occured with greater frequency and magnitude in patients with poorer preoperative lung function as well as in older patients.
3) The incidence of postoperative pneumonia was higher in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma than in cases of benign lung diseases. Potentially serious cases of postoperative pneumonia were found in patients with gram-negative microorganism infection.
4) Patients having predisposing factors to postoperative pulmonary complications should undergo prophylactic treatment for the improvement of lung function before and during operation. These include preoperative chemotherapy, preoperative administration of γ-globulin, face-down position and use of a bronchial clamp during surgery.

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In order to establish an experimental model of chronic interstitial pneumonia in dogs, that can be used for physiological research, intramuscular injections of herbicide paraquat were administered. Gramoxone (containing 24% paraquat) and pure paraquat solution were used. As most dogs died after the large dose single injection method, a small dose 4 injection method was designed. Initial dose was 0.5mg/kg (1% paraquat solution), and for the remaining three injections, 0.5 or 1.0mg/kg dose was selected according to weight loss and general condition. The pathological findings of the lung were examined at four points. The acute change induced by cells and the single injection method was severe destruction of alveolar structure and excessive proliferation of interstitial fibers, i. e. acute intestitial pneumonia. To study the chronic changes induced by the 4-time injection method, dogs were sacrificed at the 69th day after the final injection on average. Alveolar wall thickening and type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and interstitial cell proliferation were seen. Intra-alveolar infiltration of cells and fluid was rare. Partial destruction of alveolar structure was recognized. One dog had granulomatous change and eosinophilic intra-alveolar exudate.
Physiological measurements (VC, RV, TLC) before and after the injections were performed. The pressure-volume curve was plotted (expiratory phase). K of the pressure-volume curve was calculated according to Salazar's method. VC, RV, TLC and K before and after the injection were compared. Statistically significant differences were recognized between them.
Using the small dose 4 injection method, we induced chronic interstitial pneumonia of slight degree in the dogs. In order to induce more definite pulmonary involvement, a higher injection dose would be needed, but mortality rate of the dogs would inevitably increase.

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Two patients with Poland's syndrome were surgically treated with good results. The first case was associated with defect of the right major pectoral muscle, ipsilateral syndactyly, brachydactyly and hypoplastic phalanges of the hand, in addition to patent ductus arterosus. In the second case, there were defects of the right major and minor pectoral muscles and deformity of the ipsilateral ribs and sternum without deformity of the hand.
In the first case, division of the patent ductus arterosus was performed, and in the second case, deformity of the thoracic cage was corrected successfully. International literature on Poland' syndrome is reviewed.

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A 22 year old man, who complained of slight fever, right back pain and hilar lymphoad- eopathy on chest X-ray film was., admitted to our hospital for mediastinoscopic examination.
He was treated for pneumonia and lung tuberculosis one year prevcously, in another hospital.
Cyanosis and shock lung on chest X-ray film weve observed on 3rd day after admission, the Encouraging result were obtained with antibiotics and corticosteroids. Howeve on the 13th day he died after cyanosis, dyspnia convulsion and diffuse shadow of both lungs on the chest X-ray film.
On autopsy, abcesses were seen in the lung, liver, kidney, spleen, and lymph nodes of the mediastinum and sigmoid colon. Microscopic and microbiologic examinations demonstrated Aspergillus Fumigatus in these organs, with Aspergillus meningitis.
This casewas diagnosedes a primary, disseminated Aspergillosis, since neither steroid no antibiotics therapy were perfomed before the Aspergillus pneumonia occured in this patient.

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