Hanshin area, especially the area along Hankyu Line, is considered one of the best residential area image in Kansai district of Japan.
In this study, we have analyzed this positive evaluation of Hanshin area, focusing on the suburb along Hankyu Line, and some projects developed by Hankyu Corporation.
As the result, there were three factors identified in the area along Hankyu Line- good natural environment, human factors (ex. Ichizo Kobayashi, founder of Hankyu Corporation), and development of modern life style. Cultural activities and businesses based on these three factors contributed to establish a good area image of the suburbs.

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The stream of design form in civil engineering structures, which were constructed in large quantities due to the progress of industrial revolution of 18 century, is tried to systematize and analyze in connection with the architectural design form of the same period. This paper will be the first trial on this subject, whose motivation is (1) to evaluate aesthetic value of civil engineering heritage, (2) to clarify the route to the 20 century design represented by Maillart, Freyssinet, Morandi and Calatrava, and (3) to get a hint for a new design form. The work was based on 459 structures constructed or planned between 1700 and 1945, in which 138 in Great Britain, 119 in France, 75 in Germany, 65 in USA and 62 in Japan. Among the 459, 380 were bridges and 79 were the others. In Chapter 3, overall stream of design form is described separately due to four design styles, that is, Classic, Renaissance, Gothic and 20 Century International. In Chapter 4, difference of design form is discussed due to coutry, site, desingner and their purpose.

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In France, 139 bridges and 30 Roman aqueducts are classified into architectural heritages (Monuments historiques) by the national governments, and more than 400 are classified by the regional governments. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process of the classification and the present state of these historical bridges. The following three points have been clarified; 1) from the view point of the preservation, the role of law is very important, 2) The activities for the preservation by the regoinal governments are more important than those of the national governments, 3) Not only to citizens, but also to young bridge engineers, the classification of modern historical bridges such as Freyssinet's Esbly bridge or Eiffel's Garabit viaduct promotesthe idea of preservation and the respect of engineers.

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In Japan, numerous underground shopping malls were built between 1955 and 1975 for a variety of motives. Some of them, after renovations, are now about to make a fresh start as “New Underground Commercial Centers”. From the examples of the utilization of spaces for urban underground shopping malls, this paper has identified some characteristics of the motives of opening by referring to the relations between the type classification and the urban underground utilities (subways, underground parking lots and underground pedestrian passages). As a result, it has been found that underground shopping malls may be classified into five types based on the motives for opening them, the appearing stage (1st stage), the developing stage (2nd stage), the means to acquire additional parking lots (3rd stage), the principily banning stage (4th stage) and the underground passage construction promotion (5th stage).

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The purposes of this article are to review an origin of the national planning policy in Japan, to describe its change in that doctorine up to an enactment of the Comprehensive National Land Development Act in 1950, and to examine how basic thoughts of policies are like.
I conclude that there were two big streams of the thoughts on national planning policies, such as the Board of Planning descent one vs. the Ministry of Interior descent one during the war, and the Economic Stabilization Board descent vs. the Ministry of Construction descent in the almost same way after the war.
The former stream is rather function-oriented, designed from above and the latter is space-oriented, designed from below.
Furthermore, the present Comprehensive National Land Development Act is influenced and guided by General Headquarters of the Allied Powers which made much of resource development.

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This study aims at evaluating the Japanese road improvement policy after World War II and suggesting some necessary policies for road improvement on developing countries. In order to cope with the objectives, the effectiveness of the integrated system of 5 year road improvement plan and its financing in Japan is examined and comparing with other countries including developed and developing countries.
It has been proved that the system has played a great role for the infrastructure improvement to catch up with the rapidly expanding traffic demand as growing days.

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Mohenjo-Daro is widely known as one of the largest cities of Indus Civilization and with its numerous brick-made structures. In particular, its drainage system is unique among the other remains flourished at the same period of Mohenjo-Daro. As yet, this system has been interpreted as simple sewer based on the results of past archaeological researches, however few researches with the engineering point of view have been made. Therefore, the authors approached to its water supply-drainage system with the civil engineering view and tried to investigate the original purposes of the drainage system. This supply-drainage system includes some pieces of software such as water supply capacity, rainfall intensity, and water use form and also hardware such as sewer, well, and soak-pit. As a conclusion, this drainage system seems to have been made mainly for the removal of waste water from floor-paved rooms near wells.

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Ditches are constructed at both sides of a street at the ancient capital cities in Japan. As the streets are laid out in a grid pattern, the ancient cities have the network of drainage by ditches. In this paper, the network of drainage in Nagaokakyo and Heiankyo is discussed. The dimensions and the connection of ditches are made clear using historical literature and the archaorogical excavation data. Considering the topography, the flow of drainage are examined. The character of ditches and the plan of storm water drainage between Nagaotakyo and Heiankyo is different from each other.

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Some of advanced flood protection methods in USA had been introduced to Japan after 10-20 years after they were developed in US. However, it is important to see through the status for introduction of them considering various characteristics when we introduce them, since characteristics of society, economy, topography and hydrology differ between USA and Japan.
I analyzed the countermeasures against flood undertaken by the Federal Government from the viewpoint of flood disaster, act, organization and concept concerning flood protection, covering the period before the establishment of The Flood Control Act of 1936 when comprehensive flood protection measures started to be actively and widely undertaken.
As a result of study, I found out that advanced flood protection methods in USA were developed as comprehensive flood protection system, processing various steps, and searching needs, background and methods at that time. And I found out that it is important to develop proposal of improvement measures, enforcement of many-sided program, establishment of advanced plan and review of measures when we consider new flood protection method.

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The Asahi river is the big river in Okayama prefecture. The Hyakkenn river is the flood control channel which was constructed in Edo-era for preventing the castle town of Okayama from flood disasters. Mr. Banzan Kumazawa and Nagatada Tsuda were river engineers and they planned river improvement works. In this paper the river improvement works are investigated by using a hydraulic model of which scales are 1/500 in horizontal and 1/200 in vertical. The works were a river channel work and a diversion work with fuseplug levee. From the results it is concluded that these works are effective for preventing the castle town from floods.

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The section of the Tone River upstream of its confluence with the Watarase River was traditionally called the Kamitone River. On the right bank of this Kamitone River a dyke running between the river and elevated ground, is called the Chujo Dyke. The area upstream of this dyke, where a number of settlements were located, provided a large retardingbasin, wtich served to protect the portion of the Saitama Plain downstream of the dyke, and since before the beginning of the modern era, there has been a long-standing dispute concerning the presence of this dyke between those living upstream and downstream of the dyke. How to assess the retarding effect of the basin above the Chujo Dyke is a major problem in modern flood control planning on the Tone River. The present paper provides a number of observations concerning this problem in the light of the river improvement plans drawn up during the Meiji Era (1869-1912) and the flood control plans of 1939 and 1949.

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There are few papers or publishments on history of railway bridge substructure in Japan, especially up to 1912 (Meiji Era). The aim of the present paper is to overview the substructures of that period. Various types of foundations used are discussed briefly based on a register of railway bridges and tunnels in Japan issued in 1894 and quantitative distribution of various types of foundations is analysed. Structures and functions as well as connstruction methods of several types of foundations which are now historic are described.
Various types of piers and abutments are also discussed and photographs of several examples of stil working substructures are shown.

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Although the Aimotobashi in Ecchu and the Saruhashi in Kai are the famous wooden cantilever bridges, many wooden cantilever bridges had been constructed also in Shinanonokuni along the old highway through mountain area, steep valley and violent stream where people had traveled. The representative of them were the Minochibashi (Kumejibashi), Zousuibashi and Inagawabashi. In the present study, we collected the information of old wooden cantilever bridge from references of the historical articles and books in Nagano prefecture, and then estimated their structure and size, and restored them. In addition, we classified the old wooden cantilever bridges into two groups according to the beam structure by mono-layered beam and multi-layered beam, and calculated the designed live load from the estimated size, structure and wooden strength and evaluated the engineering ability to build bridges at that time.

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On August 25, 1825, the Tain-Tournon bridge was open to the public use by Marc Seguin and his four brothers. This is the first wire cable suspension bridge in the world. The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of the foundation works of the bridge on the basis of “notes” and “memoirs” written by Marc Seguin and to evaluate the historical meaning of this bridge works in the context of the innovation of modern suspension bridges. The authors try to reappear several figures of the foundation works like sheet-piles, bridge pier, etc. On the bridge site, innovative works were carried out not only in the superstructure but also in such foundation works as the utilization of hydraulic concrete and reinforced concrete, the fabrication of automatic concrete-mixer etc. It may be concluded that the history of modern suspension bridges begins from the Tain-Tournon bridge.

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Nakasen-Dou-Kisoji was gone on equipping for a trunk line to national land formation in stead of Tosan road.
With the changes of the means of transportation (people→oxen and horses→railway and national road→expressway and Shinkansen), the route was obliged to alter.
In Edo period, four connection roads which linked Kiso road (Kiso valley) with Tosan road (Ina valley) of a north-south principal road, it were improved as a road which oxen and horses were able to pass, and a network of roads was established. And it promoted an exchange of goods and people between Kiso and Ina area. These four roads crossed Gonbei, Usikubi, Seinaiji, and Oodaira pass from the north.
This paper describes about the process of building up Gonbei pass road.

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History of railway tunnels in Japan was traced in 1st to 4th reports, and it was found that the tunnels in Meiji Era had a wide variety of portal designs. Objects of these reports were confined railway tunnels on Honsyu Island, the present report describes tunnels of defunct Kyusyu Railway Company (now a part of Kagoshima Line, Nagasaki Line, Sasebo Line and their branch lines of JR-Kyusyu Company; and Tagawa Line of Heisei-Chikuhou Railway Company) in northern district of Kyusyu Island. The description is based on field surveys and historical records. The contents may be summarized as follows; (1) the design of portal is similar to that on Honsyu Island, but in details characteristic styles are recognized; (2)“gable type” portal similar to one on Honsyu Island was newly discovered; and (3) the portal of the longest tunnel in Kyusyu is designed in special style.

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With increase in social recognition of preservation of global environment, importance of civil engineering works and necessity of education on historical study of civil engineering have been discussed. As the number of universities that offer a course of civil engineering history in their curriculum have been increasing since the late 1980's, the field of civil engineering history has been established.
In April 1994, Kyushu Kyoritu University started offering its course with two credits per semester. The author was appointed to be a lecturer and gave enthusiastically lectures on the subject with the help of audio-visual education facilities. From student's evaluation at the end of the course, the lectures are rated highly. The present paper reports the records of the course work with hopes that it will help enhance the education of civil engineering history.

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Japanese universities were established with reference to American and European Universities in the Meiji period. American universities were established after European some. Dr. Clark, founder and symbol of Hokkaido University studied abord in Gottingen in Germany. Dr. Inazo Nitobe studied in Germany after the work in America. The history of German universities are impotant in Japan according to our opinions. Because Japanese universities have been affected directly or in directly by German some. German Universities were develope many times from mining colleges or construction college.

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The Tedori River rises from Mt. Hakusan, and its course reaches 72Km. It is the largest and first class river in this prefecture.
The Tedori River is such a rapid stream that rampageously overflows its banks. It has often caused serious floods up to now. Therefore, it was the most important problem for the people who had to govern the Kaga Province to improve their rivers so that the trouble and fears of floods can be removed.
I'll mention about the past technique of flood prevention: how their banks were built to protect their villages as well as how the large embankment of the Tedori River has been done.
The Shichika Watercouse takes in water from the Tedori River by utilizing its tributary rivers and streams which were made by the flood and overflow of the Tedori River.
I'll also mention about how people have grappled with their riparian construction and works from the feudal period of the Kaga Province.

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A 64m high, elevator-type fishway was constructed at the Komaki Dam on the Sho River in Toyama Prefecture which was completed in 1929. Although highly effective in the early years after construction, the influence of the Soyama Dam which was built upstream and the development of the fish breeding industry led to the decline of dependence on the fishway and in 1943 it was converted into harbor equipment. This paper studies the evaluation of the Komaki Dam fishway and the social and technical background against which it was judged to be inflective and was removed.

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