This study regards the reconstruction planning as a conflict between the plan for the future and the recovery of people's livelihood, and reviews the process of reconstruction after the 1976 SAKATA Big Fire in detail. This viewpoint is very important to make good use of the experience. Generally, the process of past reconstruction planning was not clear because the viewpoint was ambiguous and the reconstruction report only scratched the surface of the process. SAKATA Big Fire is a quite recent example of fire disaster, and therefore we were able to interview directly the planners of the reconstruction and review the report carefully from this viewpoint.
As a result of this study, we were able to clarify that the planners put a lot of stress on the plan for the future in the reconstruction planning, and that they considered the recovery of people's livelihood the key to rapid reconstruction. Urban planners in Sakata city had a future vision before the occurrence of SAKATA Big Fire and they lead the project team consisting of officials of the Ministry of Construction, Yamagata Prefecture, and Sakata city. They made a lot of effort for the realization of rapid reconstruction, and this rapidness minimized the conflict.

View full abstract

Sapporo City planning streets including parkways were decided in 1936. Over half the width of each parkway was given to green open space of trees, promenade and river. Scenic zones were designated in 1939 including parkway buffer zone to create the park system. And new parks were laid out near the parkways and scenic zones in 1942-1943. Before 1945, among major cities in Japan Sapporo was the only one to adopt park system theory entirely and make street network plan link to land use control for urban landscape. These progressive plans were abolished after 1945.

View full abstract

During the period from the inauguration of the Tokyo Reconstruction Project to the end of World War II, all done by the project was the efforts to decrease the number of electric poles on Otsuka Roads by putting some overhead cables together on common poles. Among many plans, the Tokyo Health Road Plan and the Tokyo Postwar Reconstruction Plan were prominent. The former aimed to remove poles and billboard, building pedestrian-dedicated roads with an affluence of greenery. The latter attempted to remove electric poles from roads which are wider than 36m. Some cables still remained over head were moved to alleyways behind detouring around the roads. Further, the plan was proposing to include the common ducts and poles in the category of urban planning. The plan specified the areas from which electric poles were removed to provide educational and public space for scenic view. However, these plans were not fulfilled due to the reduction of the scale in Postwar Reconstruction Land Readjustment Project.

View full abstract

The Bridge Foot Plaza is small open space whichh is located at the foot of a bridge. This paper describes the tansition of Bridge-Foot Plaza a point of laws, space characteristics and facilities in Chuo-ku (old Tokyo City area at Nihonbashi-ku and Kyoubashi-ku) in Tokyo. There were total 244 Bridge-Foot Plazas in 1954, 175 in 1974, now there are total 162 Bridge-Foot Plazas. Except for main facilities (police box and toilet), it is newly estabrished park for children, pocket park and transportation facilities. A decrease in Bride-Foot Plaza is caused by burying the canals and removing the bridges.

View full abstract

This Paper shows how the measures of urban development projects such as road development and replotting which were implemented in Kobe during Meiji era have influenced current legal systems for the projects by studying those measures and systems from the following point of view:
(1) purpose of projrcts (2) consensus building of land orners (e. g. written contract)(3) replotting system (4) road development projects.

View full abstract

This study clarified about the block formation at Báng-kah and Töa-tiü-tiâ ⁿ in Tâi-pak under Japanese rule. Old Tâi-pak (Taipei; at present) was constituted by three urban districts; Sia-lai (walled city), Báng-kahand Töa-tiü-tiâ ⁿ Inside Sia-lai, the existing streets were utilized by improvement. In contrast, the existing streets and the planned streets was lack of relation in the two another urban districts. In Töa-tiü-tiâ ⁿ that was clearness comparatively, utilized existing street prescribed the north and south axial block formation, but dirty Bang-kah streets were remodeled into standardized grid pattern. The aim of blockformation in Báng-kah was hygiene environment improvement by application of existing facilities instead of accession of traditional urban district structure.

View full abstract

This paper describes the results of the analyzed characteristics: 1. The result of corelational analysis on the composed surface ratio (%) and on environmental factors was 14/121 (P<.05). 2. The ratio (evergreen/deciduous:%) is not governed by such specific factors as temperature or snowfall only, but is also affected by the integrated environment of those factors. 3. Regarding the interval dispersion of stones in the gardens (number of stone:%), water (area of pond:%), and trees (number of tree:%), they can be classified into three groups:(1) Large, or less than 1, 000 square meters in garden area and designed: middle, or somewhere between large and small, with characteristics of both large and small: and small, with more than 3, 000 square meters in garden area and formal. A pattern was discovered in the treatment of garden stones (the ratio of scenic stone:%) and the pond shape (the pond shape complex ratio:%). These resemble Kyoto and Edo gardens.(2) The ratio of evergreen is 75.5% and the ratio of deciduous is 24.5%. There is a difference between Kyoto and Edo gardens: 90% evergreen to 10% deciduous. 4.The gardens in coastal regions have many Pinus Thunbergii, and many Pinus Densiflora in plains regions. Both of them are mainly used for scenic trees. Cryptomeria japonica in plains region are for enclosure, and connected with forest behind the gardens in mountainous regions.

View full abstract

The lzu Bonin Islands are a group of volcanic islands that project into the Pacific Ocean from the Japanese Archipelago. On the islands, various methods to improve water resources that are peculiar to isolated islands, for example the use of water from mountain streams, have been developed since the modem age.
However, the actual conditions of water use development on the islands have never been thoroughly researched and compiled into a report.
This thesis deals with the characteristics of the adjustment of the shortage of water based on the examination into the history of water use development and the balance between water supply and demand on each of the islands.

View full abstract

The Tatsumi Waterworks, completed in 1632 (Kan-ei 9), was constructed by making use of the high technology of civil engineering in the early Edo period. In spite of repairs and improvements it had undergone since, it retains many traces of the technology at the time of its first construction.
How the water supply to the Castle of Kanazawa was findlly executed is shown by comparing documentary records with the recent excavations. The inverted syphon system by means of wooden-pipes, which technique had been employed in the construction of the Kanda Waterworks, was used at the end of the Tatsumi Waterworks in order to convey water into the Castle.

View full abstract

Furniguruma is a man-powered waterwheel which was invented in the late seventeenth century and which came into nation-wide use in the middle of the Edo era. For a long time, its main function was to irrigate rice fields until steam pumps and electric pumps were finally introduced.
And, appropriately placed, Furniguruma proved its great power for helping drain underground water at engineering works in those days. Therefore, Furniguruma should be credited for technical advances in agricultural and civil engineering in the middle of the Edo era. However, there has not been much attention paid to Furniguruma in historical studies on civil engineering so far.
In this paper, we describe the Furniguruma's ability to pump water and suggest its influence on Kisyuryu, a school of civil engineering in the Edo era.

View full abstract

Stone sluices composed by huge granite blocks were a kind of trademark in the reclaimed area of Okayama clan. They were introduced to Okayama clan and were spread out by masonry technocrat invited from Osaka area. This paper try to describe the development of the stone sluices based on the field and bibliographical survey.History of stonemasons, famous Jihei Kawachiya is also shown from a viewpoint of contributor for the construction of stone sluices

View full abstract

Production of cement had declined steadily throughout the Pacific War. The decrease had been slow at first and had quickened its pace since 1942. This study aims to explain the reasons why the cement industry declined during wartime even though Japan had enough raw materials, like limestone and clay. From this angle of study, the records based on questionnaire and interrogation conducted by the United States Strategic Bombing Survey just after the war were used to explain the discrepancies between the required production and the actual production. There are many possible causes for such decline of production, e.g. lack of skilled labor, fuel, transportation to consumers, and bomb damages to plants, etc. Throughout discussion, it is concluded that one of the most important factors of rapid decline of cement production was the failure of machinery which were irreplaceable during the war. Because most cement plants used imported machinery, replacement parts could not be imported after the war had begun, hence many plants had to close down until the end of the war.

View full abstract

This paper deals with the flood control works of Toyama prefecture in the Meiji era which has been suffered from flood disasters from ancient times, clarifying the historical process in executing flood control works from both administrative and financial aspect and also discusses the historical materials of flood control which is proposed to prefectural consultative committee in consideration of the social backgrounds at the that times.
It is verified that flood control works in Toyama prefecture has played pioneering role in both field of regulations and engineering compared to other prefectures, which however, resulted in a large burden to the resident people.

View full abstract

The government, which had established a river improvement plan in 1925, started improvement projects in 1930 on the Asahi River. Main purpose of the project was to improve the inland navigation system as well as flood control City planning law was applied to Okayama city in 1923.
Since the navigation system of the downstream of the Asahi River was very important for the urban development, it was asserted that the downstream of the Asahi River should be turned into a canal.
The Hyakken. River had been diverged from the main stream of the Asahi River in the 1600s.
The people of Okayama raised objections to the original plan, and besides, there was the intense struggle with the improvement plan between those who lived in the area near the main stream and those who lived in the area near the diverged channel.
Finally, the Hyakken River was officially designated as a diversion channel in the plan, and the main stream of the Asahi River was improved to serve the needs of navigation system as well as a flood flow channel.

View full abstract

This paper investigated a port authority system-a special organization structure unique in Japen-fran the viewpoint of the basic promotion of the region, taking Ishikari Bay New Port as an example.
Furthermore, based on the result of the investigation, the author clarified problems associated with port managment and administration systems in compliance with the current Port and Harbor Law, and prppseci the reorgardzation of the management systam of Ishikari Bay New Port: and the restoration of the international competitiveness of Japan's port and harbors.

View full abstract

The first dry dock in Japan is No.I Dock of Yokosuka Dock Yard and was built up in 1871 by French civil engineers. After that more than thirty dry docks had been built in Japan until the end of Meiji period. Now one of them is designated as a cultural asset, and another one is registered as a cultural asset by Japanese Government. So we need systematize a history and building technology of them. For that purpose, this paper tries to understand over the general state of them by following three steps. Firstly it makes a list of dry docks built up in the Meiji period, secondly we collect each material of them, thirdly, we visit to see existent dry docks.
This paper indicates the characteistics of all the dry docks built in Meiji period from the folowing three view points:
1) original technology for building dry docks was introduced by French engineers,
2) most of them were built of stone,
3) some of them are located in specified area, Kanagawa, Nagasaki, and the Inlands Sea.

View full abstract

The librarian of Japan Society of Civil Engineers found the record of survey executed for the project of irrigating Asaka Plain, “Asaka Sosui”, by using water from Lake Inawashiro during the early Meiji era, This study describes contents of this record and, from this contents, make clear about history of the project which has been unknown until today.
The main results on this study are as follows: Thesurvey working in the record had been mainly executed by engineers who were belonging to the Fukushima prefectural office (not to Meiji government) This survey was executed not only on Asaka Plain but also on the south area from Sukagawa city (the survey on this area has not been written down in the history of this project). The research by C. J. Van Doom, Dutch engineer, who was employed by Meiji govemment for assisting in Japanese river improvement was also written down on the record. Before coming to Fukushima, he just staid at the port of Nobiru, in Miyagi pref., planned by himself and continuously observed between Lake Inawashiro and Asaka plain for six days in Fukushima. In the record of survey, the contents of his research for the “Asaka Sosui” project were more clearly written down than other historical materials.

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

In a varied circumstance of the construction industry in Japan, for instance the reform of the tender and contract system, it has been focused how the comstruction management ought to be. We consider to research the historic stream of construction management in order to resolve the difinition and/or how it be situated in part. At this report we discribe the various factors infulenced the changes of construction management looking into the chronological table. Those are new materials, construction technology, construction administration and etc. And we pick out those factors from the table putting them in chronological order and its kind and then try to make the relation diagram among those factors.

View full abstract

A paper entitled “Kobe Waterworks” was submited to the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) in 1905 by Tojiro Sano (1869-1929) who had been involved in the construction work.This paper was abondaned by the council of ICE two years after.
Even though the paper was not appeared on the proceedings, the copy has been keeping in the Archives of ICE with drawings and 20 clear photographs.
The photographs, taken during 1898 to 1901 cover Nunobiki dam, Mendaki intake, Tsuzumigataki intake, Kitano cleansing plant, Okuhirano cleansing plant, pipe laving work, a-incline and winding engine for the work and a pipe bridge constrtction work. In this study, the process of the construction work of Nunobiki dam and the related facilities is clarified by the analysis of the photographs.

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

It is compared in this paper that the progress of reconstruction for four big or middle railways tunnels and corresponding passes on the national road.
By the results of comparison with tunnels and passes, passes are repaired completely, however tunnels is not repaired yet. Therefore, the tunnels need to be reconstructed as soon as possible.

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

Hollander Johannis de Rijke worked at the Public Works Department, the Ministry of Home Affairs, Japan, as an engineer for around 40 years, and rendered remarkable services to the improvement of large rivers and Sabo works during his stay in Japan. He was initially assigned to the position of a 4th ranked engineer because of the lack of his teclmical education at school. However, the Government of Japan promoted him in 1876 with the treatment of equal rank of an official appointed by the Emperor's approval and further to the rank of an official appointed by the Emperor in 1891, J. de Rijke had been supported by George Arnold Escher who graduated from Royal Academy at Delft and had worked in the Bureau of Public Works, Holland (Rijkswaterstraat) as an elite engineer. By this paper, the background of G.A.Escher, his personality and profile on J.de Rijke, Hollander engineer C. J. van Doom, will be presented according to his memoirs.

View full abstract

Kogyokusha Junior College of Technology played an important role in education for the middle-class technical experts in the Meiji Era. During that period, K ogyokusha had been producing the excellent graduates to public and private bodies in civil engineering field. Even now, it has been kept educating adults for that field. This bulletin is very valuable as historical material regarding civil engineering in the Meiji Era.And we may look into some details of the constructionfield in those days. Especially the construction supervisor's episodes are very interesting related to the current young engineers' nature and/or moral through the all generations.

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract