Journal of Pet Animal Nutrition
Online ISSN : 2185-7601
Print ISSN : 1344-3763
ISSN-L : 1344-3763
Volume 22, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
Original Paper
  • K.Baba, I.Shimizu, M.Funaba, T.Matsui
    2019 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 65-83
    Published: October 10, 2019
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2019
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    We reevaluated the nutrient sufficiency and excess in home-prepared diets for dogs at maintenance using recipes collected in our previous study (n=208). Evaluation of nutrient sufficiency and excess was performed according to Minimum and Maximum in AAFCO Dog Food Nutrient Profiles (2016) and Recommended Allowance (RA) and Safe Upper Limit in NRC (2006). The difference of nutrient criteria did not affect the results of sufficiency and excess evaluation in many nutrients but the number of recipes satisfying phosphorus, iron and choline largely differed according to the criteria. We recommend that the higher level of sufficiency criterion is basically appropriate for evaluating sufficiency of nutrient when the difference of criterial values is relatively large. We evaluated nutrient sufficiency based on metabolizable energy content calculated from Atwater factor and modified Atwater factor for companion animals using RA as criteria in the recipes, which suggested that the difference of energy conversion factor did not largely affect the results of sufficiency evaluation. We adopted some relative activities of β-carotene and vitamin D2 to vitamin A and vitamin D3, respectively and calculated vitamin A and vitamin D3 contents including β-carotene as vitamin A and vitamin D2 as vitamin D3 in the recipes, which suggested that the large contribution of β-carotene to vitamin A nutrition but almost no contribution of vitamin D2 to vitamin D nutrition in the recipes.

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  • Takahiro Kawase, Mitsuhiro Furuse
    2019 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 84-94
    Published: October 10, 2019
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2019
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Yoghurt, one of the most widely consumed traditional dairy products, uses bacterial fermentation and has physiological benefits as it includes many nutrients such as vitamins, amino acids, peptides, proteins,and lipids. Moreover, because the amount of lactose is lower in yoghurt than in milk due to the fermentation,the risk of diarrhea in mammals is reduced. Whey is a byproduct of yoghurt, cheese, and butter making, and we propose that yoghurt whey could be used as a food ingredient for companion animals as well as for human and domestic animals. To assess the functions of yoghurt whey in the present study, we investigated whether the oral administration of yoghurt whey produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 and Streptococcus thermophilus 1131 affected the concentrations of free amino acids in the brain and behavior in rats. We evaluated motor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and learning ability by the open field test and depression-like behavior by the forced swimming test. We also determined the concentrations of d - and l-amino acids in the plasma and brain regions by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. No significant effects were noted between yoghurt whey and distilled water (control) treatments in all parameters of behavioral tests. However, d- and l-Ser, l-Gln, l-His, l-Ala, l-Arg, l-Phe, l-Val, l-Leu, L-Ile, and Tau in the thalamus and l-Gln in the brainstem were lowered, and GABA in the hypothalamus was increased by yoghurt whey treatment. In conclusion, the oral administration of yoghurt whey altered several amino acid concentrations in specific brain regions of rats, but did not affect the mental conditions judging from behavioral tests.
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  • A. Koizumi, R. Kurihara, M. Nakayama, A. Kumagai, K. Masuda, K. ...
    2019 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 95-100
    Published: October 10, 2019
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2019
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Lacrimation is assumed to commonly cause tear staining in household dogs; a correlation between tear stain and pet diet has been reported. We present a case study of a dog whose symptoms of tear stain were altered with dog food. Tear stains worsened with food A, which was previously shown to worsen tear staining,and improved with food B, also reproducing previous study results. Two possibilities may explain the effect of food on tear stains: food allergies and effect to the intestinal environment. Regarding the former, any food material associated with food allergies in dogs was included in the all test foods. No symptoms of food allergy were observed in the dog during the test period. To compare intestinal environment by changing dog food,the pH and short chain fatty acid concentration in the feces were examined. The fecal pH was more acidic when feeding food B versus food A. The short-chain fatty acid concentration in the feces was higher with food B than with food A, suggesting that the lower fecal pH might be higher short-chain fatty acid concentration. Finally, total IgE concentration in the tears was measured to evaluate for a relationship between intestinal environments and tear stain. The concentration of IgE fluctuated too greatly to establish a relationship with tear staining, and further experiments are necessary.

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  • M. Uchida, HC. Kim, S. Maeda, T. Sano, T. Yonezawa
    2019 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 101-106
    Published: October 10, 2019
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2019
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    To recycle the cut-down bamboo, it has been focused on as a deodorant material. The macroporous polypore surface of scrapped Moso Bamboo is expected to have a deodorant effect. In this study, eligibility of the bamboo powder as a deodorizer of dog feces was evaluated. Two types of bamboo powders were prepared. One was crashed into 300 µm diameter and anaerobiotic cultured for fermentation to form a hotbed of lactobacillus, named Wet Bamboo Powder (WBP). The other one was crashed and dried by heat and air aspiration without the fermentation process to annihilate lactobacillus, named Dry Bamboo Powder (DBP). Each powder was mixed with the commercial normal dog food at a rate of 3%and fed to six clinically healthy dogs. The odors of their feces were analyzed using the Kitagawa gas detector and the human sensory evaluation by 10 panelists. The gas detector revealed that the mercaptan concentrations in the feces were reduced by feeding with WBP or DBP for 7 days. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide levels were not altered between powders or during the period. In the human sensory test, the smell intensity and odor unpleasantness were decreased by WBP or DBP addition for 7 days with pretreatment. There were no significant changes between WBP and DBP in any results of this study. Our findings suggest that bamboo powder food additives provide a clear deodorization effect on dog feces, and it could not be related to viable lactobacillus on the bamboo surface.

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