In the field of dance education in schools in Japan, the terms “self”, “image” and “expression” are used repeatedly. However, the issues of what kinds of meanings can be “expressed” or the ways in which “images” are interposed have not been reexamined. The aim of this paper is to attempt to theorize these issues.
Using S. K. Langer's philosophy, the study was based on her debate over logical meaning and psychological meaning from the standpoint of dance as a shared symbol of multiple subjectivities.
The results of the study suggested that existing research on dance education has tried to understand dance education from a psychological meaning, that is, based on the assumption of a learning process of being assigned a theme grasping its image and transforming it into movement. A framework for interpreting dance education through logical meaning was thus proposed. As result of this proposition, the “images” are not of theme but of movement.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore the ground for putting a ban on doping in competitive sport circles, especially focusing on the doping problem as “the issues of that with free will”. The IOC and also some researchers have suggested the reason for prohibiting doping but it's still quite contentious.
The object and methods in this paper are as follows: We consider “the issues of doping with free will” (object) in the way of applied ethics with four ethical theories as the framework for researching. The adopted frameworks are as bellow (method).
1) the theory of virtue
2) the theory of liberalism
3) the theory of utilitarianism
4) the theory of duty
We can find some prior views about the topic in terms of the theory of virtue andliberalism, whilethe views based on the theory of utilitarianism and duty are our original one.
It would be clarified that the view of virtue doesn't make sense and the view of utilitarianism can only show the prospective judgment. The limit of the theory of liberalism and the significance of the theory of duty would also be shown in this paper as a conclusion.
Arguments on the doping issues in terms of the theory of duty, however, are limited on “doping negatively affecting the human body”. It means “doping issues that do no harm to human body in sport” should be treated as different problems that concernwith the essence of sport. Finally, we will suggest that both “the bioethical research” and “the philosophy of sport” should be pursued in the research on doping issues.

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