The author proposed some comments on the following themes: 1. Theories of mother-infant relation and issues of non-parental childcare, 2. Developmental process of women's role, 3. The state of women researchers in the psychological field in 1970's

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the expressed consciousness and the hidden curriculum regarding gender bias through the teacher-allocation of individual symbol pictures to preschool boys and girls. We analyzed questionnaires about allocation of individual symbol pictures of preschool female teachers (N=98). The conclusions are as follows: 1) There was gender bias among allocation. Boys' individual symbol pictures were masculine, the most popular three were elephant, car and bear. Girls' individual symbol pictures were feminine, those were rabbit, strawberry and tulip. 2) Teachers expressed considerably genderfree consciousness, but there were also individual differences. 3) There were no differences between genderfree teachers and gender biased teachers regarding allocation of individual symbol pictures.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the feature of the trait guilt that TGS measures. In study 1, the correlation among trait guilt, Big Five personality trait, and empathy was examined. "Intrapsychic guilt", "Guilt for relation maintenance", and "Guilt of refracted amae" showed positive correlation between "Neuroticism", "Personal distress" which refer to self-oriented empathy, and not show clear correlation with "Empathic concern" which refer to other-oriented empathy. Therefore, I concluded that these three trait guilt was the personality trait concerning the anxiety or fear based guilt. In study 2, the first purpose is to develop the scale of "proneness to obsessional obedience to standard" and to confirm the reliability and validity. Then correlation with TGS was examined, it was clarified that "Intrapsychic guilt" and "Guilt of refracted amae" has obsessive feature to the personal standard that was not necessarily shared with others. And they don't have obsessive attitude to general, social standard. In the "Guilt for relation maintenance", it was clarified for not only own inner standard but also general, social standard to have the obsessive feature. As for the "Guilt of an excessive gain", clear result was not obtained through study 1 and study 2.

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