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Guangjun Guo, Jianchang Gao, Xiaoxuan Wang, Yanmei Guo, J.C. Snyder, Y ...
2013 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages
239-245
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 08, 2013
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An accurate and simple evaluation method is crucial for identifying whitefly resistance in tomato breeding. We developed an
in vitro method for evaluating resistance of tomato leaves and tested this on wild and cultivated tomato varieties. We found that young leaves observed for whitefly oviposition after 8 hours provided appropriate comparative conditions. This method effectively distinguished resistance among tomato cultivars and wild species and also demonstrated significant difference in oviposition rates among leaf positions on susceptible cultivars. The
in vitro test was as precise as
in vivo test using intact plants and had advantages over in
vivo test, and can be used for evaluating resistance in large populations.
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Shinichiro Yamaki, Hajime Ohyanagi, Masanori Yamasaki, Mitsugu Eiguchi ...
2013 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages
246-254
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 08, 2013
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Supplementary material
The wild
Oryza species are rich in genetic diversity and are good resources for modern breeding of rice varieties. The reliable
ex situ conservation of various genetic resources supports both basic and applied rice research. For this purpose, we developed PCR-based and co-dominant insertion/deletion (INDEL) markers which enable the discrimination of the genome types or species in the genus
Oryza. First, 12,107 INDEL candidate sequences were found in the BAC end sequences for 12
Oryza species available in public databases. Next, we designed PCR primers for INDEL-flanking sequences to match the characteristics of each INDEL, based on an assessment of their likelihood to give rise to a single or few PCR products in all 102 wild accessions, covering most
Oryza genome types. Then, we selected 22 INDEL markers to discriminate all genome types in the genus
Oryza. A phylogenetic tree of 102 wild accessions and two cultivars according to amplicon polymorphisms for the 22 INDEL markers corresponded well to those in previous studies, indicating that the INDEL markers developed in this study were a useful tool to improve the reliability of identification of wild
Oryza species in the germplasm stocks.
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Shunzong Ning, Ning Wang, Shun Sakuma, Mohammad Pourkheirandish, Takat ...
2013 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages
255-266
Published: 2013
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The bread wheat genome harbors three homoeologs of the barley gene
HvAP2, which determines the cleistogamous/non-cleistogamous flowering. The three homoeologs,
TaAP2-A,
TaAP2-B and
TaAP2-D, are derived from the A, B and D genomes. The importance of lodicule swelling in assuring non-cleistogamous flowering in a range of wild and domesticated wheat accessions of varying ploidy level was established. Re-sequencing of wheat
AP2 homoeologous genes was carried out to identify natural variation at both the nucleotide and polypeptide level. The sequences of wheat
AP2 homoeologs are highly conserved even across different ploidy levels and no functional variants at the key miR172 targeting site were detected. These results indicate that engineering of cleistogamous wheat will require the presence of a functional
TaAP2 modification at each of the three homoeologs.
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Huimin Wang, Xiaoming Xu, Xiaodeng Zhan, Rongrong Zhai, Weiming Wu, Xi ...
2013 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages
267-274
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 08, 2013
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Root system development is an important target for improving yield in rice. Active roots that can take up nutrients more efficiently are essential for improving grain yield. In this study, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses using 215 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Xieqingzao B (XB), a maintainer line with short roots and R9308, a restorer line with long roots. Only a QTLs associated with root length were mapped on chromosomes 7. The QTL, named
qRL7, was located between markers RM3859 and RM214 on chromosome 7 and explained 18.14–18.36% of the total phenotypic variance evaluated across two years. Fine mapping of
qRL7 using eight BC
3F
3 recombinant lines mapped the QTL to between markers InDel11 and InDel17, which delimit a 657.35 kb interval in the reference cultivar Nipponbare. To determine the genotype classes for the target QTL in these BC
3F
3 recombinants, the root lengths of their BC
3F
4 progeny were investigated, and the result showed that
qRL7 plays a crucial role in root length. The results of this study will increase our understanding of the genetic factors controlling root architecture, which will help rice breeders to breed varieties with deep, strong and vigorous root systems.
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Ikuko Nakajima, Yoshihiko Sato, Toshihiro Saito, Takaya Moriguchi, Tos ...
2013 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages
275-283
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 08, 2013
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Genetic transformation was successfully established producing both transformed adventitious shoots and calli in Japanese pear (
Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) by using cotyledons as explants. Cotyledons of five cultivars were co-cultivated with
Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 carrying the pBIN19-
sgfp, which contained a green fluorescent protein gene and the neomycin phosphotransferase gene. In order to increase transformation efficiency, sonication and ethylenedioxybis (ethylamine)-
N,
N,
N′,
N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) treatments were applied, which could produce physical wounds across the tissue and prevent plant defense reaction, respectively. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence was evaluated two weeks and five months after
Agrobacterium inoculation as measures of transient and stable transformations, respectively. As a result, sonication significantly increased both transient and stable expression of GFP fluorescence, whereas EGTA treatment did not show a positive effect on either. Out of 18 regenerated plantlets obtained, one plant regenerated from ‘Agenosho Shinanashi’ showed stable GFP fluorescence. This plant was confirmed as a transformant by PCR and genomic Southern blotting. Three other transformed regenerated shoots by
myb gene showed red color, which were derived from ‘Imamuraaki’ by the same transformation method. Transformation system in this study was shown to be reproducible since plural transformants were obtained.
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Tadashi Abe, Yasunori Nonoue, Nozomi Ono, Motoyasu Omoteno, Masato Kur ...
2013 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages
284-291
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 08, 2013
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Supplementary material
To advance the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) to reduce Cd content in rice (
Oryza sativa L.) grains and breed low-Cd cultivars, we developed a novel population consisting of 46 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) in which donor segments of LAC23, a cultivar reported to have a low grain Cd content, were substituted into the Koshihikari genetic background. The parental cultivars and 32 CSSLs (the minimum set required for whole-genome coverage) were grown in two fields with different natural levels of soil Cd. QTL mapping by single-marker analysis using ANOVA indicated that eight chromosomal regions were associated with grain Cd content and detected a major QTL (
qlGCd3) with a high
F-test value in both fields (
F = 9.19 and 5.60) on the long arm of chromosome 3. The LAC23 allele at
qlGCd3 was associated with reduced grain Cd levels and appeared to reduce Cd transport from the shoots to the grains. Fine substitution mapping delimited
qlGCd3 to a 3.5-Mbp region. Our results suggest that the low-Cd trait of LAC23 is controlled by multiple QTLs, and
qlGCd3 is a promising candidate QTL to reduce the Cd level of rice grain.
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Cina Ann Vipin, David J. Luckett, John D.I. Harper, Gavin J. Ash, Andr ...
2013 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages
292-300
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 08, 2013
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Supplementary material
We report the development of a Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) marker panel and its utilisation in the development of an integrated genetic linkage map of white lupin (
Lupinus albus L.) using an F
8 recombinant inbred line population derived from Kiev Mutant/P27174. One hundred and thirty-six DArT markers were merged into the first genetic linkage map composed of 220 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and 105 genic markers. The integrated map consists of 38 linkage groups of 441 markers and spans a total length of 2,169 cM, with an average interval size of 4.6 cM. The DArT markers exhibited good genome coverage and were associated with previously identified genic and AFLP markers linked with quantitative trait loci for anthracnose resistance, flowering time and alkaloid content. The improved genetic linkage map of white lupin will aid in the identification of markers for traits of interest and future syntenic studies.
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Fumio Taguchi-Shiobara, Hidenobu Ozaki, Hiroyuki Sato, Hiroaki Maeda, ...
2013 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages
301-308
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 08, 2013
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Supplementary material
Sheath blight, caused by
Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most serious diseases of rice. Among 33 rice accessions, mainly from National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS) Core Collection, we found three landraces from the Himalayas—Jarjan, Nepal 555 and Nepal 8—with resistance to sheath blight in 3 years’ field testing. Backcrossed inbred lines (BILs) derived from a cross between Jarjan and the leading Japanese cultivar Koshihikari were used in QTL analyses. Since later-heading lines show fewer lesions, we used only earlier-heading BILs to avoid association with heading date. We detected eight QTLs; the Jarjan allele of three of these increased resistance. Only one QTL, on chromosome 9 (between markers Nag08KK18184 and Nag08KK18871), was detected in all 3 years. Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) carrying it showed resistance in field tests. Thirty F
2 lines derived from a cross between Koshihikari and one CSSL supported the QTL.
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Masako Seki, Makiko Chono, Tsutomu Nishimura, Mikako Sato, Yasuhiro Yo ...
2013 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages
309-316
Published: 2013
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Supplementary material
The
Ppd-A1 genotype of 240 Japanese wheat cultivars and 40 foreign cultivars was determined using a PCR-based method. Among Japanese cultivars, only 12 cultivars, all of which were Hokkaido winter wheat, carried the
Ppd-A1a allele, while this allele was not found in Hokkaido spring wheat cultivars or Tohoku-Kyushu cultivars. Cultivars with a photoperiod-insensitive allele headed 6.9–9.8 days earlier in Kanto and 2.5 days earlier in Hokkaido than photoperiod-sensitive cultivars. The lower effect of photoperiod-insensitive alleles observed in Hokkaido could be due to the longer day-length at the spike formation stage compared with that in Kanto. Pedigree analysis showed that ‘Purple Straw’ and ‘Tohoku 118’ were donors of
Ppd-A1a and
Ppd-D1a in Hokkaido wheat cultivars, respectively. Wheat cultivars recently developed in Hokkaido carry photoperiod-insensitive alleles at a high frequency. For efficient utilization of
Ppd-1 alleles in the Hokkaido wheat-breeding program, the effect of
Ppd-1 on growth pattern and grain yield should be investigated.
Ppd-A1a may be useful as a unique gene source for fine tuning the heading time in the Tohoku-Kyushu region since the effect of
Ppd-A1a on photoperiod insensitivity appears to differ from the effect of
Ppd-B1a and
Ppd-D1a.
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Tiantian Jin, Jinfeng Zhou, Jingtang Chen, Liying Zhu, Yongfeng Zhao, ...
2013 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages
317-324
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 08, 2013
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Micronutrient malnutrition, especially zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) deficiency in diets, has aroused worldwide attention. Biofortification of food crops has been considered as a promising approach for alleviating this deficiency. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed to dissect the genetic mechanism of Zn and Fe content in maize grains using a total of 218 F
2:3 families derived from a cross between inbred lines 178 and P53. Meta-analysis was used to integrate genetic maps and detect Meta-QTL (MQTL) across several independent QTL researches for traits related to Zn or Fe content. Five significant QTLs and 10 MQTLs were detected. Two informative genomic regions, bins 2.07 and 2.08, showed a great importance for Zn and Fe content QTLs. The correlation between Zn and Fe level in maize grains was proposed by MQTLs as 8 of the 10 involved both traits. The results of this study suggest that QTL mapping and meta-analysis is an effective approach to understand the genetic basis of Zn and Fe accumulation in maize grains.
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Ki Jin Park, Kyu Jin Sa, Hee-Jong Koh, Ju Kyong Lee
2013 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages
325-332
Published: 2013
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In order to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the eating quality of waxy corn and sweet corn (
Zea mays L.), QTL analysis was conducted on an F
2 population derived from a cross between a waxy corn inbred line and a sweet corn inbred line. Ten QTLs for pericarp thickness (PER), amylose content (AMY), dextrose content (DEX) and sucrose content (SUC) were found in the 158 F
2 families. Among them, four QTLs, qAMY4 (10.43%), qAMY9 (19.33%), qDEX4 (21.31%) and qSUC4 (30.71%), may be considered as major QTLs. Three of these, qAMY4, qDEX4 and qSUC4, were found to be located within a region flanked by two adjacent SSR markers on chromosome 4 (umc1088 and bnlg1265), making this SSR marker pair a useful selection tool for screening the eating quality traits of AMY, DEX and SUC. The QTL for amylose content was found to be located between markers phi027 and umc1634, raising the possibility of its identity being the
Wx1 gene, which encodes a granule-bound amylose synthase. The new QTLs identified by the present study could serve as useful molecular markers for selecting important eating quality traits in subsequent waxy corn breeding studies.
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Pitchayapa Mahasuk, Jittima Chinthaisong, Orarat Mongkolporn
2013 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages
333-338
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 08, 2013
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Chili anthracnose, caused by
Colletotrichum spp., is one of the major diseases to chili production in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. Breeding for durable anthracnose resistance requires a good understanding of the resistance mechanisms to different pathotypes and inoculation methods. This study aimed to investigate the inheritances of differential resistances as responding to two different
Colletotrichum pathotypes, PCa2 and PCa3 and as by two different inoculation methods, microinjection (MI) and high pressure spray (HP). Detached ripe fruit of
Capsicum baccatum ‘PBC80’ derived F
2 and BC
1s populations was assessed for anthracnose resistance. Two dominant genes were identified responsible for the differential resistance to anthracnose. One was responsible for the resistance to PCa2 and PCa3 by MI and the other was responsible for the resistance to PCa3 by HP. The two genes were linked with 16.7 cM distance.
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Asako Kobayashi, Junya Sonoda, Kazuhiko Sugimoto, Motohiko Kondo, Nori ...
2013 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages
339-346
Published: 2013
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Decline in the apparent quality of rice (
Oryza sativa L.) grain due to high temperatures during ripening recently became a major concern in many areas in Japan. The occurrence of white-back kernels (WBK) is one of the main problems of heat-induced quality decline. We identified QTLs associated with the occurrence of WBK using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and verified their effects using near-isogenic lines (NILs). The QTL analysis used F
7 and F
8 RILs derived from ‘Hana-echizen’ (HE), which is tolerant to high temperature, × ‘Niigata-wase’ (NW), which is sensitive to high temperature. Four QTLs were identified on chromosomes 3, 4, 6, and 9 (
qWB3,
qWB4,
qWB6 and
qWB9). To verify the effects of
qWB6 and
qWB9, we developed two NILs in which
qWB6 or both were introduced from HE into the NW background. The HE allele at
qWB6 significantly decreased WBK under multiple environments. The combination of
qWB6 and
qWB9 in an F
2 population derived from a cross between a NIL and NW showed that the NW allele at
qWB9 significantly decreased WBK if the
qWB6 allele was HE. These results will be of value in marker-assisted selection for the breeding of rice with tolerance to heat-induced quality decline.
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